North American Fruit Explorers mailing list at ibiblio

["Dennis Norton" <dmnorton@royaloakfarmorchard.com>]

We grow Earliglow, Madison, Starking Delicious, Reliance, Summer Pearl, Redskin, Redhaven, Stark Finale, Encore, Flamin' Fury in PF1, PF7, PF24, PF25, Coral Star FA59, Sugar Giant, John Boy and Laurol.  They begin ripening in early July with Flamin' Fury PF1 and continue through September with Laurol.  The best for flavor is a toss up.  The Redhaven have always been a great peach, but the John Boy is giving it a run for its money.  The easiest to grow is Redhaven by far, but the newer Flamin' Fury is running a close second.  Most of the rootstock is Bailey, Lovell, and Tenn Nat VF281.1.  Our reasons for choosing these are the result of an eight year peach rootstock performance test done by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, a synopsis of which follows:

 

  To increase orchard productivity and efficiency, growers are looking for solutions in the form of new rootstocks that are more resistant to winter cold damage, drought stress, soil anaerobic conditions, root pathogens, soil nematodes, bacterial and fungal cankers, etc. New peach seedling and clonal rootstocks released in the last 20 years have been variously reported to be more productive, tolerant of replant sites, nematodes, Armillaria root rot, crown gall or more winter hardy than previous utilized rootstocks. However, these rootstocks have had only limited testing in North America. To determine the merits of these rootstocks for use under North American conditions a large scale cooperative regional trial was undertaken. Only 7 of 19 rootstocks were common to all locations. Moreover, rootstock x site interactions were common indicating that specific recommendations might need to be made locally rather than regionally much less nationally. However, some trends were evident in the performance of the 7 rootstocks (Lovell, Bailey, Tennessee Natural 281-1, GF 305, Higama, Montclar and Guardian (BY520-9)) common to all locations. After 8 years, trees on Guardian and Lovell rootstocks were the largest. Trees on Guardian, Lovell and Montclar produced the largest yields. However, trees on Tennessee Natural 281-1 and Bailey had the highest yield efficiency. Individual fruit size was largest on Bailey and Higama rootstocks. Rootstock suckering was highest on Guardian rootstock.

 

  

The full study can be found at http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=171926

 

Dennis Norton
Royal Oak Farm Orchard
http://www.royaloakfarmorchard.com

----- Original Message -----

From: Dave Griffin

To: Dennis Norton <dmnorton@royaloakfarmorchard.com>,North American Fruit Explorers

Sent: Monday, January 23, 2006 12:27 PM

Subject: Re: [NAFEX] grocery store peaches and nectarines

Hi Dennis,

 

If you wouldn't mind, what varieties do you grow? Which do you like best for flavor? For growing? I realize this is site and climate specific for your orchard but it might be a good snapshot in that context and useful information for the rest of us. Thanks.

 

Dave

 

 

----- Original Message -----

From: Dennis Norton

To: griffingardens@earthlink.net;North American Fruit Explorers

Sent: 1/23/06 2:06:42 AM

Subject: Re: [NAFEX] grocery store peaches and nectarines

Being a peach grower with about 1,000 trees, we do things a little differently than the commercial growers.  Peaches grown and shipped commercially to the grocery stores are picked at first color.  That means at the first sign of that yellowish/red tint, they are ready to pick to be shipped.  They are not picked at the right stage to have any flavor, but the poor folks that have only purchased peaches at the grocery store don't know any better.  To get the best flavor for peaches, they should be picked when "firm ripe".   "Firm ripe" means they are not soft yet, but not too hard either.  The color should have a good red tint to it, but not too much red.  They should be "cooled down" at 68 degrees for 24 hours.  Then they should be stored at 34 degrees while waiting to be sold.  Can anyone imagine a commercial grower doing this?  Since we grow only for our own market, this is how we handle our peaches.  We have never been able to meet the demand for our peaches and have always had to supplement.  We purchase our supplements from Eckert's Orchards in Bellville, IL who grow their peaches the same as we do and pick them at the same time.  Our shipments arrive on Friday morning, having been picked on Thursday.  We store them at 34 degrees and they last us for a good 7 days.  We always sell out just when that next shipment arrives and have never had a complaint about tasteless peaches.  And we still have a problem meeting demand!  It's a good problem to have.

 

By the way, 34 degrees is the optimum temperature for storage of peaches and apples as well as scion wood.  When our new trees arrive to be planted, we keep them at 34 until they go into the ground, which is within 36 hours.  Apples and peaches stored at 36 degrees will start to break down much faster than at 34 and at 40 won't last at all.  40 degrees is the temperature at which bacteria will start to develop and any good health department would shut anyone down if their refrigerator that held any food being served to the public was at 40 degrees or above.  If I can locate an article from Fruit Growers News about the latest storage tests done on peaches I will post it that covers this exact subject.

      

Dennis Norton
Royal Oak Farm Orchard
http://www.royaloakfarmorchard.com

----- Original Message -----

From: Dave Griffin

To: North American Fruit Explorers

Sent: Sunday, January 22, 2006 11:01 PM

Subject: Re: [NAFEX] grocery store peaches and nectarines

I have always blamed the poor taste and texture of store peaches and nectarines on early picking as well, but it may be worse than just that one commercial consideration that accounts for this. Last summer I was able to tour a test orchard for new and not so recent but modern commercial cultivars and participated in the evaluation of about 20 ripe varieties which we picked off the tree. It wasn't long before I began to notice that what we were tasting were all very similar to each other and also very much like what I had tasted from the grocery store. Let me repeat, we were picking these right off the trees. The only time I tasted anything that was beginning to be sweet and juicy was when I wandered off to trees that had most of their fruit on the ground and then, when I would remark that this one was pretty good, I was told not to pay any attention to it as it was past. I left the station very disappointed in what I had exp ected to be a magnificent day of indulgent peach pleasure, but with my eyes opened to the painful truth: it is the large, beautiful, firm, red commercial peaches that are bad, not when they pick them. Stopping at a friend's place on the way home I had the best peach of the day, by far. His neighbor had a seedling tree that came from a Reliance pit and the fruit was much like it - small, yellow, fuzzy, sweet, juicy, with amazing flavor and aroma, and so soft you couldn't have shipped it across the street. But then why would you have wanted to?

 

Dave

MN, zone 4a

 

 

----- Original Message -----

From: Ginda Fisher

To: North American Fruit Explorers

Sent: 1/22/06 10:21:57 PM

Subject: [NAFEX] grocery store peaches and nectarines

On Jan 22, 2006, at 10:37 PM, road's end farm wrote:

On Jan 22, 2006, at 8:46 PM, Spidra Webster wrote:

For the last several years I've found that store nectarines are a 

better bet than peaches.  But the last season or so nectarines have 

seemed just as bad.  I hardly got a good peach this summer but I think 

it might be due to the fact that I wasn't getting out to the Farmer's 

Market or gourmet stores enough. 

Grocery store peaches are almost always terrible as they're almost always picked too green. If you wait till they're close enough to ripe so that they'll develop full flavor, they're too close to ripe to ship very far.

Many many years ago I did a brief stint picking peaches in Washington State, while wandering around the country. We were told that we might as well eat the ripe ones, they couldn't be shipped anyway. A revelation. Probably one reason I'm farming today.

--Rivka

Finger Lakes NY; zone 5 

All in all, I usually prefer grocery store peaches to grocery store nectarines.  But it's a crap shoot.  The best "peach" I ever had was a nectarine several years ago, and this year we got a batch of terrific nectarines.  We also got some really excellent peaches form the local produce place, though.  Even the locally grown ones vary a lot.  they were only excellent for a week and a half, both earlier and later they were just so-so.  I'm sure the local farmers grow more than one type, and I'd guess that only one cultivar was both an excellent cultivar and also arrived ripe in the store.

Ginda

eastern Mass., zone 6