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  • From: Alexander Oldernes <alexander AT oldernes.no>
  • To: b-hebrew <b-hebrew AT lists.ibiblio.org>
  • Subject: Re: [b-hebrew] Masoretic vocalization of the name
  • Date: Thu, 15 Sep 2005 13:33:43 +0200

It was discussed on page 144 in his book:

This complex system of multiple qeres produced numerous errors within the same codex. For example, in the codex B19a, which is considered by specialists to be one of the best copies, there are seven different pointings of the Tetragram. The most frequent error is the transformation of the vowels e, a of the qere into e, o, a (Gn 3:14 9:26 18:17; Ex 3:2 13:3,9,12,15 14:1,8; Lv 23:34 25:17; Dt 31:27 32:9 33:12,13; 1S 1:11; 1K 3:5; Jr 2:37 3:1,21,22,23,25 4:1,3,4,8; 5:2,3,9,18,19,22,29; 6:9; 8:13 30:10 36:8; Ezk 33:23 44:5 46:13; Os 10:3; Na 1:3; Ml 3:23; Ps 15:1 40:5 47:6 100:5 116:5,6; Pr 1:29), or the vowels e, i into e, o, i (1K 2:26; Is 50:4; Jr 1:6 7:20; Ezk 2:4 3:11,27 5:5 8:1 12:10 13:16 14:21,23 16:36 17:9 20:39 21:33 22:31 23:32 24:6,14; 26:21 28:2 30:22 33:25 35:11 36:2 39:17 43:27 46:16; Za 9:14; Ps 73:28).

QERE ADONAY ÈLOHIM
usual hw:hy³ (e, ,a) hwIhy³ (e, ,i)
Gn 3:14 h/:hy³ (e,o,a) hwIhyO (è, ,i) Gn 15:2, 8
Ps 144:15 hw:hy} (a, ,a) h/Ihy³ (e,o,i) 1K 2:26
h/IhyO (è,o,i) Jg 16:28

The situation is identical for other codices. The most frequent error is the transformation e, a into e, o, a, thus the changing of the form YeHWaH into YeHoWaH, which one finds in the Aleppo codex (Ezk 3:13; etc.) and in the Or4445 codex (Ex 16:7; 40:29; etc.) These errors are very old and can be observed on reproductions of biblical fragments (P. Kahle - Masoreten des Westens Stuttgart 1927 Ed. V.V.W. Kohlhammer p. 17/1 sheet 930 p.19/3 sheet 946 p.24/8 sheet 1017) dated between 700 and 900. Something that doubtless facilitated this kind of error, in spite of the scrupulous attention of the copyists, was the presence of a sign of cantillation, the rebia, which was very difficult to differentiate from the point representing the vowel o. So, from the twelfth to the fifteenth century CE the qere e, a (kept by the present BHS) changed into e, o, a (kept by the former BHK) which would become the standard qere in Jewish Bibles.


---

Alexander Oldernes
Norway


----- Original Message ----- From: "Peter Kirk" <peterkirk AT qaya.org>
To: "Yigal Levin" <leviny1 AT mail.biu.ac.il>
Cc: "b-hebrew" <b-hebrew AT lists.ibiblio.org>
Sent: Thursday, September 15, 2005 1:29 PM
Subject: Re: [b-hebrew] Masoretic vocalization of the name


On 15/09/2005 11:53, Yigal Levin wrote:

The Aleppo Codex, if I remember correctly, does have the holam over the he.
So the Leningrad's spelling the Tetragrammaton without it, picked up by BHS,
seems to be unique.



You do not remember correctly. Let me repost here a passage from
Gertoux's book posted here by Alexander Oldernes on 18th July this year:

The situation is identical for other codices. The most frequent error is the transformation e, a into e, o, a, thus the changing of the form YeHWaH into YeHoWaH, which one finds in the Aleppo codex (Ezk 3:13; etc.) and in the Or4445 codex (Ex 16:7; 40:29; etc.) These errors are very old and can be observed on reproductions of biblical fragments (P. Kahle - Masoreten des Westens Stuttgart 1927 Ed. V.V.W. Kohlhammer p. 17/1 sheet 930 p.19/3 sheet 946 p.24/8 sheet 1017) dated between 700 and 900. ...



Whatever we might think of the characterisation as "errors", this makes
it very clear that the regular pointing in the Aleppo codex is
sheva-qamats, but that sheva-holam-qamats is found occasionally e.g. at
Ezekiel 3:13.


--
Peter Kirk
peter AT qaya.org (personal)
peterkirk AT qaya.org (work)
http://www.qaya.org/



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