Seed Keepers

[Allan Balliett <aballiett@frontiernet.net>]

Non-GM Breakthroughs Leave GM Behind
Science in Society #37 - Spring 2008
http://www.unobserver.com/layout5.php?id=4475&blz=1

Non-GM breakthroughs keep coming thick and fast for problems that GM 
proponents claim require GM, but GM solutions, if any, are years away

> From GM Watch: www.gmwatch.org

Does the mention of allergen-free peanut, salt-resistant wheat, 
beta-carotene rich sweet potato, and virus-resistant cassava make you 
think of GM? If so, you've missed the great unpublished story of 2007 
- all the non-GM answers to precisely the problems 
(drought-resistance, salt-resistance, biofortification, etc.) that 
proponents claim only GM can solve.

While GM 'miracle' stories win vast amounts of column inches in the 
popular media, the non-GM stories are seldom reported. Without the GM 
lobby's exaggerated crisis narratives and silver bullet solutions, it 
seems there is no story. The biotech industry and its PR people, of 
course, are keen to keep it that way; particularly as the non-GM 
solutions are often way ahead of the work on GM. They also bring with 
them none of the uncertainties over environmental and health hazards 
that surround GM.

Thanks to the lack of success of GM 'solutions', non-GM success 
stories can end up being claimed as GM breakthroughs. This happened 
most recently when the UK government's retiring chief scientist, 
David King, claimed an important non-GM breakthrough in Africa as 
evidence of why we need to embrace GM [1]. This tells us why we need 
to stop being distracted by GM and support the non-GM solutions to 
crop production problems.

Many organic successes have been covered in detail in this and 
previous issues of SiS (see for example, Message from Andra 
Predesh:Return to organic cotton & avoid the Bt cotton trap, SiS 29; 
Scientists Find Organic Agriculture Can Feed the World and More, and 
FAO Promotes Organic Agriculture, SiS 36; Organic & Sustainable 
series, SiS 37) [2-5]. Here are other examples over the past year.

Zambia gets better harvests from non-GM maize

Although drought-prone Zambia is still facing problems, huge 
improvements have been reported in its maize harvests - its main 
staple crop. Production is reported to have changed dramatically 
after President Levy Mwanawasa took over from Frederick Chiluba in 
2001. He promoted innovations such as mixed farming and conservation 
farming. Mwanawasa rejected GM maize and encouraged the growing of 
non-GM maize, resulting in bumper harvests for the past three years 
[6].

Ironically, when the Zambian government rejected GM maize in 2002 [7] 
(Africa Unites Against GM to Opt for Self-sufficiency, SiS 16), there 
were calls from the US Ambassador to the UN's Food and Agriculture 
Organization for its leaders to be tried "for the highest crimes 
against humanity in the highest courts of the world" [8].

Non-GM crop science gets GBP13 million boost in the UK

UK crop scientists have been awarded a GBP13.3m boost in funding to 
carry out research aimed at delivering benefits for farmers and 
consumers. Researchers say they will not be producing GM crops. Prof. 
David Pink at University of Warwick, Coventry, whose team has been 
awarded GBP500 000 to identify genes in broccoli that will extend its 
shelf life and maintain its nutritional value longer, said [9], "We 
are not going down that [GM] route because GM is not acceptable at 
the moment, and not acceptable to our plant breeding partner]."

GM drought-tolerant maize way behind non-GM methods

In March 2007, the South African authorities gave Monsanto permission 
to conduct GM drought-tolerant maize field trials in South Africa. 
The African Centre for Biosafety released a report on the issue, 
pointing out that drought tolerance GM maize is at least 8-10 years 
away from commercial release, and points out that traditional 
breeding, marker assisted selection, and building up organic content 
of the soil are proven and immediately available methods of dealing 
with drought [10]. Nevertheless GM drought-tolerant crops are being 
used as PR tools by biotech lobbyists to promote acceptance of GM 
crops, to expand existing markets and develop new markets.

New non-GM drought-resistant maize in the Philippines

Philippine scientist Dr Antonio Mercado at the University of 
Philippines Los Banos has developed a new non-GM maize variety that 
was able to survive a drought for 29 days [11].

Indigenous rice better than GM-rice at dealing with stress

Navdanaya, a New Delhi-based NGO headed by Vandana Shiva, together 
with farmers from nine Indian states, has developed a register of 
over 2 000 indigenous rice varieties. They say GM rice strains are 
not only costly to cultivate but also perform poorly compared to 
native strains in fighting pests, diseases and environmental 
fluctuations. Several indigenous rice strains adopted by the Indian 
farmers can withstand extremes of climatic conditions, survive 
submergence for a fortnight and even withstand salinity with great 
success [12].

New Non-GM maize a body blow to grain borer

The larger grain borer is taking a beating from CIMMYT (International 
Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre) breeders in Kenya, as a new 
non-GM African maize withstands the onslaught of one of the most 
damaging pests. CIMMYT researchers found resistance to the borer in 
the Centre's germplasm bank, in maize seed originally from the 
Caribbean [13]. The bank holds 25 000 native maize races.

Non-GM process for allergy-free peanuts

A researcher at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State 
University has developed a simple non-GM process to make 
allergen-free peanuts. An estimated one percent of children in the 
United States suffer from the allergy. The inventor, Dr Mohamed 
Ahmedna, is optimizing the process further to remove allergens from 
other foods [14].

While we do not have enough information on the process to judge any 
potential downsides, it is noteworthy that a seemingly 
straightforward solution has been found to a problem that GM 
proponents claim requires the use of GM.

Non-GM salt-tolerant wheat to bring life to dead land

Scientists at Australia's Molecular Plant Breeding CRC are using 
marker assisted breeding to identify salt-tolerant wheat varieties 
which could allow farmers to crop agricultural land lost to salinity 
across Australia's wheat belt. Some 67 percent of the dryland 
cropping area in Australia is affected by salinity, resulting in 
meagre yields [15].

Scientists developed non-GM drought-tolerant canola species

Scientists based in Victoria, Australia, have developed a new species 
of drought tolerant canola that could make up to 1.5 million hectares 
of drought-prone farmland in Australia more productive and 
profitable. Traditional breeding and molecular marker assisted 
selection were used [16].

The breakthrough comes after pro-GM lobbyists persuaded the 
Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales to lift their 
moratorium on GM plantings, partly based on claims that GM would 
provide drought tolerant crops. However, Robert Horsch, Monsanto's 
vice president, has admitted that such crops are actually not so easy 
to develop, while Christopher Horner, another Monsanto spokesperson, 
has admitted such GM crops are years away from commercial production 
[17].

Gates Foundation supports non-GM biofortified sweet potato in Africa
Biofortification alliance HarvestPlus has received a US$ 6 million 
grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to introduce a 
nutritionally improved orange sweet potato into the diets of the 
undernourished in East Africa. The orange sweet potato is rich in 
beta-carotene, an essential building block of vitamin A, which helps 
to prevent blindness [18].

According to a BBC report, only a "relatively small" amount of 
HarvestPlus's work in biofortification involves GM. Harvest Plus's 
Bonnie McClafferty said [19], "We've been able to experience great 
success in actually finding varieties to do conventional plant 
breeding with." Harvest Plus has recently announced the discovery of 
a new non-GM method of improving the vitamin A precursor content of 
maize [20].

Links to these and other non-GM success stories at: 
http://www.gmwatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8658, and 
http://www.gmwatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7105

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