permaculture

[DONKA RADEVA <donnybg@yahoo.com>]

Hi Andy, Steve,
I am also interested of some feedback from the event in Malaga this year. 
I've seen one of the partners is the University of Malaga, where I should 
have done the end of my PhD with Erasmus, but this opportunity collapsed due 
to personal issues last year. Hope to have next chance to collaborate with 
the University of Malaga ...

Keep well,
Donka 

    On Monday, February 13, 2017 4:11 AM, Steve Hart 
<stevenlawrencehart@gmail.com> wrote:
 

 Hi LL..and you wonder why people switch off this site ? Although I can 
handle your abuse and insult, which is personal, many others prefer not to. 
IMO all options need to be explored for anyone to get a full grasp of this 
subject. What I suggested was to search through all media and topics of this 
subject and join the dots. There exist a huge array of propaganda to keep us 
locked in to the existing paradigm. How are we to move out of it and design a 
new one. ? The development of a new paradigm in economics is one many have 
been grappling with for over 50 years. Perhaps from British Economist, EF 
Schumacher's  1973, "Small is Beautiful". No one or no group has yet 
succeeded. This is our mission. Join in or simply press delete. Or offer 
constructive input which you are more than capable of. Your offering to this 
group and its wider networks is the wealth of links offered on a vast array 
of subjects. This subject is no different. It does need considerable 
research. Ross Scholes of "Peasants" has evolved networks of action on the 
ground in this subject. Perhaps more members could start offering their 
experiences of models on the ground that form many elements to this equation. 
I know Coreen Brenanan has many too as will many more through our networks 
who are gravitating to "Social Permaculture" and include "Commons" and 
"Cooperatives" in their scope of interest. 
If you know of any manuscript(s) that clearly identifies the full complexity 
of this subject please do share it. Rather than wasting your energy on 
pointless abuse and insults which do not even hit the target. My skin is 
thicker than that, with many scars. Perhaps your attention may be better 
served to focus on the subject rather than the person. Although it does not 
phase me for I can see beyond that.
I am not a member of any such pattern of thinking you allude to or been 
swayed by anyone's thinking.  I have the rare ability to be able to think for 
myself. Besides, "Conspiracy" comes from the word conspire which means to 
share breath. Modern dictionaries have altered the meaning of this word to 
suggest it is an act of terrorism. Wrong. It is also recognised as a very 
weak uneducated tool to right off any subject which may have degrees of 
deeper meaning and learning that could upset the status quo, which is the 
paradigm we are wanting to shift from. 
"The Four Horsemen" a movie off you tube could be another piece worth 
exploring. Any other links valuable to search through Lawrence ?. Look fwd to 
your positive contributions..Steve Hart
On 13 February 2017 at 13:07, Lawrence London <lfljvenaura@gmail.com> wrote:

On Sun, Feb 12, 2017 at 4:01 PM, Steve Hart <stevenlawrencehart@gmail.com>
wrote:

> Perhaps ...a start in realising the history we are part of an which evolved
> the economic paradigm we are wanting to shift begins in this writting
>
> http://www.threeworldwars.com/ protocols.htm
>
> "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion"
>
> Other works to illuminate this paradigm are difficult to find and much has
> been written on many varied subjects in the whole subject. But, as
> mentioned, it helps us move forward if we know where we have come from why
> and how.......Steve Hart
>

I don't know how you can actively spread conspiracy theories and propaganda
of this sort with a straight face.
Have you checked the mirror lately, Steve. I thought you were interested in
spreading knowledge of permaculture practices and methods,
not rabid extremist political brainwashing for the melleable. What is to be
gained from this extremist agenda you appear to be part of.
Maybe I have figured it out; you have fallen victim to brainwashing by the
poseur extroadinaire, fascist pig glen atkinson. This whacko conspiracy
stuff is the same as the spawn of the alt-right movement which was
successful enough in gaining support and votes to get their candidate
elected. A similar thing happened in Germany a few decades back, a very
evil populist movement. Fast forward a few decades and the same variety of
political slime did the same thing in Argentina and Chile, the victims of
which were friends and colleagues of mine, of my era, of a global
movement.. GA admitted that he supported pinochet because the left wing
movement in Chile was close at hand and threatened the power base of the
right wing fascists, headed up by Pinochet.

I just hat seeing you fooled so badly by such aggressive evil scum.


--
Lawrence F. London, Jr.
lfljvenaura@gmail.com
https://sites.google.com/site/ avantgeared
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-- 
Kia ora Ehoa


Steve HartEcology ArchitectDesigner, Teacher, Builder of Ecologically 
Sustainable Resilient Environments, through Urban Design, Architecture, 
Landscape Architecture and Systems Ecology.​
Skype: tipenemanawa
Phone: +64 220 75 62 11
Permaculture Global Design: www.permacultureglobaldesign.org
The Permaculture International College www.permaculturecollege.eu 
https://permaculturecollege.academia.edu/SteveHart

GAPPS The Global Alliance for Permaculture Partnerships and Solutions. 
www.permaculturepartnerships.com
-- 
for updates on the EuPN, also follow: http://permaculturecouncil.eu!
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Subject: [permaculture] EARTHWORKS: Archaeologists Have Discovered More Than
 450 Large Geometrical Geoglyphs in the Amazonian Rainforest
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EARTHWORKS:  Archaeologists Have Discovered More Than 450 Large Geometrical
Geoglyphs in the Amazonian Rainforest
http://sciencenewsjournal.com/archaeologists-discovered-450-large-geometrical-geoglyphs-amazonian-rainforest/

Permaculture (Reddit subreddit)
Comments:
https://www.reddit.com/r/Permaculture/comments/5tu324/deforestation_reveals_littleunderstood_geoglyphs/?st=iz4zcywu&sh=de8e096a
1) "Semi nomadic people's would clear areas for settlement, concentrate
fruit seeds in large orchards through trash accumulation, use of fire for
hunting adding biochar to the soil, the accumulation of refuse, etc...It
all added up and massively shaped the Amazon rainforest. Some 6 million
people were believed to have lived in the Amazon prior to 1492, in large
semi permanent cities who were linked to other smaller spur settlements by
roads. They built using wood, and soil. When they died off due to massive
plagues, the forest rapidly reclaimed their dwellings."
2) what is the relatyionship between this and similar sites and Terra
Preta? - LL

[image: amazon forest] What was the function of these geometrical geoglyphs
is still unclear. Credit: Jenny Watling
History <http://sciencenewsjournal.com/category/history/> Archaeologists
Have Discovered More Than 450 Large Geometrical Geoglyphs in the Amazonian
Rainforest
February 9, 2017

*Ancient people built hundreds of huge, mysterious earthworks in the
Amazonian rainforest more than two thousand years ago, transforming the
forests in the process.*

UK and Brazilian experts have found new evidence
<http://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/featurednews/title_568689_en.html> in Acre
state in the western Brazilian Amazon that sheds some light on how
indigenous people lived in the Amazon long before Europeans arrived in the
region. Trees concealed the abandoned enclosures for centuries, but modern
deforestation has resulted in the uncovering of more than 450 of these
large geometrical geoglyphs.

The purpose of these enigmatic sites is still not understood. As very few
artifacts were recovered during excavation, they are unlikely to have been
villages. The layout also does not suggest that they had been built for
defensive purposes. The current thinking among archaeologists is that they
were used only infrequently, perhaps as ritual gathering places.

The structures are abandoned enclosures that occupy approximately 13,000
square kilometers. The common belief that the rainforest ecosystem has been
untouched by humans is challenged by this discovery.

Jennifer Watling, a post-doctoral researcher at the Museum of Archaeology
and Ethnography, University of São Paulo
<http://www5.usp.br/english/?lang=en>, carried out this research while she
was studying for a PhD at the University of Exeter
<http://www.exeter.ac.uk/>. Dr Watling noted that the idea that Amazonian
forests are ‘pristine ecosystems` is strongly challenged by the fact that
these sites had been concealed beneath the mature rainforest for centuries.
[image: Geoglyph]
<http://sciencenewsjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/geogly.jpg>Geoglyph
photo. Credit: Jenny Watling

Watling and her team immediately had two questions when the structures were
discovered:

   1. To what extent was the landscape impacted when these earthworks were
   built?
   2. Was the region already forested when the geoglyphs were built?

The team members used state of the art methods and managed to reconstruct
6000 years of fire and vegetation history around two of the geoglyph sites.
They found that the clearings that were made to build the geoglyphs were
small and temporary, and that bamboo forests were heavily changed by humans
for millennia.

The people of that time did not burning large swathes of forest, either for
agricultural practices or for geoglyph construction, but rather transformed
their environment by concentrating on economically valuable tree species
such as palms, and then creating a type of market of useful forest products.

The team found enticing evidence that suggests that the biodiversity of
some of the remaining forests in Acre may have been influenced to a large
degree by these ancient ‘agroforestry’ practices. Dr. Watling did however
note that it is certain that Acre’s forests were never cleared for as long,
or as extensively, as they have been in recent times, in spite of the large
density and number of geoglyph sites in the region,




Watling also strongly cautioned that the evidence that indigenous peoples
have managed the Amazonian forests long before European Contact should not
be used to justify the destructive and unsustainable land use practiced
nowadays. It should rather serve to emphasize the importance of native
knowledge for finding more ecologically sustainable land use alternatives
and the ingenuity of past subsistence establishments that did not lead to
wiping out forests.

The team dug up soil samples from a series of pits outside of, and within
the geoglyphs, to conduct the study. From these samples, a type of
microscopic plant fossil made of silica called ‘phytoliths’ was analyzed.

This enabled the team to reconstruct the following:

   - Carbon stable isotopes was used to determine how overgrown the
   vegetation was in the past.
   - Charcoal quantities was used to evaluate the amount of ancient forest
   burning.
   - Ancient vegetation.