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- From: "Anne Schwarz" <thegrayhat@hotmail.com>
- To: permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
- Subject: [permaculture] Particulate pollution
- Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2003 15:09:02 +0000
Toby wrote:
The American Lung Assn http://www.lungusa.org/air/airout00_diesel.html says diesels account for 26% of all particulate pollution from fuel in the air, so that leaves 3/4 of all particulates coming from other fuels; diesel is hardly the main culprit. My bio-diesel buddies claim diesels cause less pollution than comparable gas car exhaust; I'll have to question them more carefully about that.
"Particulate polution" counts all particles in the air, including pollen, dust, etc. I'm not sure what percentage these things account for, although I'm assuming it varies greatly from area to area. I know my town in the hills is considered highly poluted by particulate scales in the spring because trees and flowers are dumping large quantities of yellow pollen all over the place, however polution because of cars and the etc. is almost non-existent.
As for normal diesel (not sure about bio specifically), it depends on what type of pollution you are counting. I is much better for the ozone than what we put in cars, however, it is carcinagenic soot, which is horrible for us to breath, not to mention it makes the visible air pollution we think of.
I think a lot of controversy in statistics over air pollution come from the over-generalization of what it is. what I was trying to say about 2 cycle engines was that using them for any ammount of time was much worse than driving a car. In terms of getting the average American to change their lifestyle, I think it would be easier to get them to ditch a lawnmower than a car. And it's definetly more productive than some of the statewide plans I've heard. A few years ago in California, they were debating on whether or not to ban asthma inhalers because of the aerosol. Yeah, that stuff is bad news, but I think there are more productive ways of debating clean air policy than taking away what was then the only effective way to keep people from having potentially deadly attacks...
Anne
From: permaculture-request@lists.ibiblio.org
Reply-To: permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
To: permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
Subject: permaculture Digest, Vol 5, Issue 18
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2003 17:01:57 -0400 (EDT)
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Today's Topics:
1. Regional sustainable diets (treaclemine@intranet.org)
2. [Fwd: Agriculture Book Sale] not spam (Lawrence F. London, Jr.)
3. Re: on cars and communal building (Toby Hemenway)
4. Re: on cars and communal building (Loren Davidson)
5. Re:Energy Reserves (Jeffrey Newman)
6. Straw Bale in Spain (Dominic1404@aol.com)
7. Fw: Vacancy: ILEIA is looking for an Editor (keller)
8. Re: on cars and communal building (John Schinnerer)
9. motorless mowers (Michele May)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2003 10:04:17 -0600
From: treaclemine@intranet.org
Subject: [permaculture] Regional sustainable diets
To: permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
Message-ID: <20030609160417.GA13096@intranet.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Greetings,
Does anyone know of any detailed analyses of what would be
modern, sustainable self-sufficient diets in various rich regions of
the world? For example, if the UK decided to minimise the national
food miles, and eat only UK-grown food, grown sustainably, could we do
it? Would we have to become largely vegetarian or vegan to feed
ourselves - I believe that soy, most rice, and many pulses are not
suitable to grow in the UK, and if so, how would we replace them in a
vegan diet?
(BTW I'm sure we could make a case for continuing to import
small quantities of low volume, high added value luxuries via sea
freight, such as Fairtrade chocolate :-)
Thanks in advance for pointers!
Amanda in the UK
--
treaclemine@intranet.org
------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Mon, 09 Jun 2003 14:12:50 -0700
From: "Lawrence F. London, Jr." <lfl@intrex.net>
Subject: [permaculture] [Fwd: Agriculture Book Sale] not spam
To: permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
Message-ID: <3EE4F852.1070801@intrex.net>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Agriculture Book Sale
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2003 15:26:33 +0100
From: Earthscan books2 <Ebooks2@KOGAN-PAGE.CO.UK>
Reply-To: Sustainable Agriculture Network Discussion Group <SANET-MG@LISTS.IFAS.UFL.EDU>
To: SANET-MG@LISTS.IFAS.UFL.EDU
AGRICULTURE
Earthscan Midsummer Book Sale
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AGRI-CULTURE: RECONNECTING PEOPLE, LAND AND NATURE
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'True to form, Jules Pretty has written yet another thoroughly researched and accessible book on sustainable agriculture... He
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THE ATLAS OF FOOD: WHO EATS WHAT, WHERE AND WHY
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'This is a rich and stimulating cornucopia of selected, enticing snippets of information. Like any good source book, it makes you
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------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2003 11:19:35 -0700
From: Toby Hemenway <hemenway@jeffnet.org>
Subject: Re: [permaculture] on cars and communal building
To: permaculture <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
Message-ID: <EC9AEBC6-9AA6-11D7-BE3B-00306583731A@jeffnet.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed
Anne wrote:
> In terms of air polution, modern cars are actually not as responsible
> as many people think. The main culprits are those horrible engines in
> lawn mowers, leaf blowers, etc. and diesle engines.
The Portable Power Equipment Manufacturers claim that less than 1% of
California's air pollution comes from 2-cycle engines (mowers, etc).
The American Lung Assn http://www.lungusa.org/air/airout00_diesel.html
says diesels account for 26% of all particulate pollution from fuel in
the air, so that leaves 3/4 of all particulates coming from other
fuels; diesel is hardly the main culprit. My bio-diesel buddies claim
diesels cause less pollution than comparable gas car exhaust; I'll have
to question them more carefully about that.
> I would also like to warn anybody thinking about owning hybrid or
> electric cars... Sure, the gas efficiency is wonderful, but the
> batteries that compensate for it are some of the most toxic things
> I've ever heard of.
The Toyota Prius uses nickel/metal hydride batteries, which are not
regarded as hazardous waste when damaged (nickel is pretty inert, or
our food cans would kill us). I don't know offhand what some of the
other hybrids are using, but I believe they are not lead-acid or other
toxic combinations. Also, batteries in hybrids are far smaller than in
all-electric cars. And sure, they wear out in 10 years or so, but the
many thousands of pounds of pollution that is saved more than makes up
for the few pounds of battery core (most of which is recycled, anyway).
What's this "six block evacuation" after an electric vehicle crash? I'd
like to know more about that. Sounds like an oil lobbyist's dream.
I think it's important to check facts and to be cautious in condemning
attempts to improve the environment. Nothing we do will be perfect, but
I'd rather see us take small steps toward sustainability and support
them, rather than criticize the efforts of others and wait for the
giant leap to perfection that will never happen.
Toby
------------------------------
Message: 4
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2003 11:48:52 -0700
From: "Loren Davidson" <loren@farwalker.com>
Subject: Re: [permaculture] on cars and communal building
To: permaculture <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
Message-ID: <200306091148.AA262310@farwalker.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
---------- Original Message ----------------------------------
From: Toby Hemenway <hemenway@jeffnet.org>
Reply-To: permaculture <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2003 11:19:35 -0700
>Anne wrote:
>> I would also like to warn anybody thinking about owning hybrid or
>> electric cars...
>
>Also, batteries in hybrids are far smaller than in
>all-electric cars. And sure, they wear out in 10 years or so, but the
>many thousands of pounds of pollution that is saved more than makes up
>for the few pounds of battery core (most of which is recycled, anyway).
...not to mention that it's hard to find an *automobile* that lasts ten years without having to have many of its major pieces replaced. Is a battery set any harder to recycle than a dead engine or transmission?
Loren,
who hasn't quite managed to get a Toyota to last ten years, but who feels they last longer than darn near anything else on the road
--
Loren Davidson loren@farwalker.com
Permaculturist, healer, singer/songwriter
http://www.earthspring.org/loren/
Music Website: http://www.lorendavidson.com
"SUVs: We're changing the climate - ask us how."
--
____________________________________________________________
Free 20MB Web Site Hosting and Personalized E-mail Service!
Get It Now At Doteasy.com http://www.doteasy.com/et/
------------------------------
Message: 5
Date: Mon, 09 Jun 2003 11:54:50 -0700
From: Jeffrey Newman <jn@jnweb.com>
Subject: [permaculture] Re:Energy Reserves
To: permaculture digest <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
Message-ID: <3EE4D7FA.9070400@jnweb.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed
Robert,
I'd also recommend taking a look at
http://www.museletter.com/partys-over.html for a good summary of
the state of energy reserves.
- Jeffrey
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 08 Jun 2003 23:25:00 -0500
From: robert waldrop <rmwj@soonernet.com>
Subject: Re: [permaculture] on cars and communal building
To: permaculture <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
Message-ID: <3EE40C1C.DF231E03@soonernet.com>
We are all going to have to get used to getting along with a lot less
energy in the future, and the time to learn of course is now. It's
taken us going on four years, but we are finally learning how to stay
comfortable during Oklahoma summers without air conditioning. So I
figure if we can do that, I can also learn how to live and work without
an automobile. It's a challenge of course, but I'd rather figure that
out now rather than later.
Robert Waldrop, OKlahoma city
http://www.bettertimesinfo.org/2003garden.htm (info on this year's
gardening adventures)
(For info on future energy supplies, and the lack of abundance thereof,
I suggest starting with http://www.oilcrisis.com which has links to
most
of the important stuff on the internet about the issue.)
------------------------------
Message: 6
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2003 15:00:14 EDT
From: Dominic1404@aol.com
Subject: [permaculture] Straw Bale in Spain
To: permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
Message-ID: <49.2f54915c.2c16333e@aol.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
I'm shortly to move to southern Spain from the UK and am planning to build a
group of straw bale houses. Does anyone have any contacts and/or experience
of strawbale construction in that area?
Dominic
------------------------------
Message: 7
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2003 22:10:28 +0200
From: "keller" <ak.and.ak@on-line.de>
Subject: [permaculture] Fw: Vacancy: ILEIA is looking for an Editor
To: <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
Message-ID: <001a01c32ec3$736e1340$356140c3@v1p7q3>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Hello,
maybe somebody is interested in this.
Greetings
Andreas
----- Original Message -----
From: <ezine@ileia.nl>
To: ILEIA <ezine@ileia.nl>
Sent: Tuesday, May 27, 2003 11:46 AM
Subject: Vacancy: ILEIA is looking for an Editor
> VACANCY
>
> ILEIA is looking for an Editor
> ILEIA, the Centre for Information on Low External Input and Sustainable
> Agriculture, has been documenting, publishing and researching experiences
> with low external input and sustainable agriculture (LEISA), indigenous
> knowledge and participatory methods in developing countries since 1984. It
> co-operates with many organisations and individuals worldwide to build
> global and regional partnerships in support of ecologically sound
agriculture.
>
> ILEIA collects and exchanges information on practical field experiences to
> support smallholder agriculture in the more resource poor areas of the
> South. This material is published in the global and regional editions of
the
> LEISA magazines and made available through the ILEIA website. LEISA
> magazines are primarily aimed at field practitioners but they reach a wide
> audience, including researchers and policy makers. They are often used as
> the basis for training material, further studies and publications.
Information
> documented and collected is archived at ILEIA. The on-line catalogue
> ILEIADOC provides an overview of all ILEIA acquisitions.
>
> The LEISA magazines
> The global edition of the LEISA Magazine is published quarterly by ILEIA.
It
> provides short and clear articles linked together thematically and based
on
> field-level experiences and research. It also provides a selection of
websites,
> books and other publications relevant to the theme being discussed.
>
> The editors of the regional LEISA magazines - LEISA Revista de Agro-
> Ecologia (Spanish), LEISA India (English), Salam (Indonesia), and
> Agridape (French) - select material from the global edition where
appropriate
> to supplement the content of their own magazines. At the present time the
> LEISA-Magazine reaches more than 20 000 subscribers in 173 counties.
>
> ILEIA is now looking for an
>
> Editor (m/f)
>
> The new editor will join the ILEIA editorial team and will work closely
with
> them on the production of the LEISA Magazine. He/She will also support the
> work of the editorial teams producing the regional LEISA magazines. With
> assistance from the team, the responsibilities of the new editor are
primarily
> to
>
> * Ensure the quality and relevance of the content of articles in LEISA
> magazine and other ILEIA publications.
> * Source information for upcoming issues
> * Maintain and develop ILEIA's network of authors and contacts in
> sustainable agriculture around the world
>
> He/She must have substantial field experience with low external input and
> sustainable agriculture in developing countries, preferably at field
level.
> He/She should also have good communication abilities. Potential candidates
> should have
>
> * At least five years field experience in agriculture in developing
countries,
> preferably in a technical capacity.
> * A higher university degree in agriculture, ecology or other
development
> related studies
> * A good network of contacts in formal and informal agricultural
research
> and development.
> * Fluency in English and a good command of Spanish and/or French.
> Other languages may be an advantage.
> * Proven analytical and writing skills
> * Good communication and administrative skills and the ability to work
as
> part of a team
>
>
> The position is based at the ILEIA office in Leusden, near Amersfoort, in
the
> centre of The Netherlands. It will involve some international travel.
Initially
> the appointment will be for two years, starting in 2003. Applicants must
be
> legally resident within the European Union.
>
> Candidates are requested to send their applications with CV together with
> the names and addresses of three referees before the 6th of June 2003 to:
>
> ILEIA
> P.O. Box 64
> 3830 AB Leusden
> The Netherlands.
>
> For more information on ILEIA and the LEISA Magazines please visit
> http://www.ileia.org
> For more information on the position contact Marlies Marbus at
> office@ileia.nl, telephone 31 (0)33-432 60 11.
>
> -----------------------------------------------------------
> YOU ARE SUBSCRIBED TO E-LEISA
>
> To unsubscribe send an e-mail to maiser@kolibrie.net with the following
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> Others can subscribe by sending an e-mail to maiser@kolibrie.net with the
> following message in the first line of the text body, followed by an
empty line:
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> -----------------------------------------------------------
> ILEIA Centre for Information on Low External Input and Sustainable
Agriculture
> P.O. Box 64, 3830 AB Leusden, The Netherlands
> Tel +31 (0)33 432 60 11, Fax +31 (0)33 495 17 79
> ezine@ileia.nl
> http://www.ileia.org
>
> -------------------------------------
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>
> Kolibrie Creatieve Media has created a privacy statement
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>
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>
>
------------------------------
Message: 8
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2003 13:24:52 -0700 (PDT)
From: "John Schinnerer" <john@eco-living.net>
Subject: Re: [permaculture] on cars and communal building
To: "permaculture" <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
Message-ID:
<59091.65.161.188.9.1055190292.squirrel@www.eco-living.net>
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
Aloha,
While we're throwing stats on cars, a fun one is that more pollution is
created in manufacturing a new car than will ever come out its tailpipe
during its useful lifetime. Thus older, well-maintained fuel-efficient
cars may amortize out as least polluting overall.
The 1980's was about as good as it got for this - emissions controls
weren't so good before that, and mileage has gone downhill since then.
IMO overall quality of product was better then too.
I'm curious to see if shared vehicle systems (such as flexcar,
www.flexcar.com, which is operating here in Seattle) will reduce either or
both of pollution and traffic.
If I can walk, bike or mass-transit easily to all the basics of daily
life, I only use a car for longer trips, vacations, occasional
hauling/transport needs, etc. So cluster villages and other more communal
'all-in-one' community designs would seem to support similar behavior.
> The Portable Power Equipment Manufacturers claim that less than 1% of
> California's air pollution comes from 2-cycle engines (mowers, etc).
They are the manufacturer's lobby, of course...grain 'o salt and all
that...but even if they're bending the stats considerably it is still a
very small percentage of total pollution.
On the *other* hand - 2-cycle engines spit out *way* more unburned
petroleum (gas and oil) in their exhaust than 4-cycle. One sample of
stats:
"The 2-cycle engines used in snow machines emit 20 to 33 percent of their
fuel unburned. This emission includes lubrication oil, which ismixed in
the fuel at a ratio of 50 parts gasoline toone part lube oil (50:1). Most
of the visible haze in 2-cycle exhaust is from the lube oil."
This is typical for any 2-cycle, from little weedwhackers to jet skis,
dirt bikes and snowmobiles. 20-33% raw fuel!! :-O
> My bio-diesel buddies claim
> diesels cause less pollution than comparable gas car exhaust; I'll have
> to question them more carefully about that.
I have read, and been told by biodiesel advocates, that the particularly
nasty particulates present in petroleum diesel are simply not present in
biodiesel exhaust, because they're a result of the petroleum chemistry and
don't get created when burning biodiesel. Biodiesel exhaust certainly
doesn't stink or make me feel nauseous the way petro-diesel exhaust
does...
"Diesel" is after all the name of the guy who invented that particular
form of internal combustion engine and doesn't say anything about the
chemistry and byproducts of whatever fuels will make that kind of engine
run...
John Schinnerer, MA
-------------------------
- Eco-Living -
Cultural & Ecological Designing
People - Place - Learning - Integration
john@eco-living.net
http://eco-living.net
------------------------------
Message: 9
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2003 17:08:45 -0400
From: "Michele May" <mmay.lmft@cox.net>
Subject: [permaculture] motorless mowers
To: <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
Message-ID: <003101c32ecb$509c3880$0f02a8c0@sfinternetworking.net>
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