Biblical Hebrew Forum

[Isaac Fried <if AT math.bu.edu>]

In Gen 19:19 the dagesh in VA-MATIY follows a patax, as expected, and  
in Ex. 1:16 the dagesh in VA-HA-MITEN follows a xirik, as expected. I  
did not look further. There is nothing there to "lengthen", to  
"shorten", to "open", to "close", to "juxtapose", or to "geminate".

It is true that some Hebrew speakers will say NAXAT-ETIY for 'I  
landed', or $ERAT-ETIY for 'I served', fearing that their  
interlocutor will miss their meaning, but most educated people will  
confidently say NAXATI, $ERATIY, with one T and with no "gemination"  
and no BATIYX.

A missing expected dagesh as in LI-DBAR of Ch. 16:37, or BI-LBAB of  
Jon. 2:4, means that the NAKDANIYM deviated from the reading  
tradition of the earlier DAG$ANIYM.

Isaac Fried, Boston University

On Apr 21, 2011, at 11:40 AM, Randall Buth wrote:

> shalom Nir,
> katavta:
>
> > whether this T-dagesh construction is general in the tanakh or
> not, i cannot say as i have no access to heavy machinery. but one
> should look for roots like
>     $T, NXT, (hifil: HYNXYT), KRT, (hifil: HYKhRYT), KFT,
>     KTT, (piel: KYTET), $TT, STT, (WT (hiil)
> that end with T, in past tense, before
>     -TY (first person) or -TA/T (secnd sing) or -TEM/TEN (second  
> plural)
> and see whether the dagesh always appears and one T is dropped.
> i think the answer is yes, and then euphony would be the only  
> plausible
> reason.>
>
>
> You are basically correct, and checking this out is what anyone  
> disputing
> this
> should have done along time ago.
>
> Here are the references where a verb is found with a root
> ending in 't' and with a suffix beginning with 't'. In all cases,
> where the two 't' would come into phonetic juxtaposition,
> only ONE taw is written. This does not make for interesting
> reading. But it documents the data.
>
> Gen. 19:19‏, ‎Ex. 1:16‏, ‎Ex. 5:5‏, ‎Ex. 23:31‏, ‎ 
> Ex. 34:27‏, ‎Lev. 17:10‏,
> ‎Lev. 20:3‏, ‎Lev. 20:5‏, ‎Lev. 20:6‏, ‎Lev.  
> 26:6‏, ‎Lev. 26:30‏ , ‎Num.
> 14:15‏, ‎Num. 17:6‏, ‎Num. 32:15‏, ‎Deut. 4:25‏, ‎ 
> Deut. 20:20‏, ‎Deut. 31:16
> ‏, ‎Josh. 23:4‏, ‎1Sam. 15:3‏, ‎1Sam. 17:35‏, ‎2Sam.  
> 1:16‏, ‎2Sam.
> 13:28‏, ‎2Sam.
> 14:30‏, ‎1Kings 9:7‏, ‎1Kings 14:10‏, ‎1Kings  
> 21:21‏, ‎2Kings 9:8‏, ‎2Kings
> 17:38‏, ‎Is. 9:3‏, ‎Is. 13:11‏, ‎Is. 14:20‏, ‎Is.  
> 14:22‏, ‎Is. 14:30‏, ‎Is.
> 16:10‏, ‎Is. 21:2‏, ‎Jer. 7:34‏, ‎Jer. 11:10‏, ‎Jer.  
> 17:27‏, ‎Jer.
> 21:14‏, ‎Jer.
> 31:31‏, ‎Jer. 31:32‏, ‎Jer. 32:40‏, ‎Jer. 34:13‏, ‎ 
> Jer. 43:12‏, ‎Jer. 48:33‏,
> ‎Jer. 48:35‏, ‎Jer. 49:27‏, ‎Jer. 49:37‏, ‎Jer.  
> 50:32‏, ‎Jer. 51:20‏, ‎Ezek.
> 7:24‏, ‎Ezek. 12:23‏, ‎Ezek. 14:8‏, ‎Ezek. 14:13‏, ‎ 
> Ezek. 14:17‏, ‎Ezek.
> 16:41‏, ‎Ezek. 21:8‏, ‎Ezek. 21:9‏, ‎Ezek. 23:27‏, ‎ 
> Ezek. 23:48‏, ‎Ezek.
> 25:7‏, ‎Ezek. 25:13‏, ‎Ezek. 25:16‏, ‎Ezek. 26:13‏, ‎ 
> Ezek. 28:8‏, ‎Ezek.
> 28:17‏, ‎Ezek. 29:8‏, ‎Ezek. 30:10‏, ‎Ezek. 30:13‏, ‎ 
> Ezek. 30:15‏, ‎Ezek.
> 34:10‏, ‎Ezek. 34:25‏, ‎Ezek. 35:7‏, ‎Ezek. 37:26‏, ‎ 
> Hos. 1:4‏, ‎Hos. 2:5‏,
> ‎Hos. 2:13‏, ‎Hos. 2:20‏, ‎Hos. 9:16‏, ‎Amos  
> 1:5‏, ‎Amos 1:8‏, ‎Amos 1:14‏,
> ‎Amos 2:3‏, ‎Obad. 10‏, ‎Mic. 5:9‏, ‎Mic. 5:10‏, ‎ 
> Mic. 5:11‏, ‎Mic.
> 5:12‏, ‎Nah.
> 2:14‏, ‎Zeph. 1:3‏, ‎Zeph. 1:4‏, ‎Zeph. 3:6‏, ‎Hag.  
> 2:5‏, ‎Zech. 9:6‏, ‎Zech.
> 9:10‏, ‎Zech. 11:10‏, ‎Mal. 2:8‏, ‎Psa. 8:7‏, ‎Psa.  
> 73:27‏, ‎Psa. 73:28‏, ‎Psa.
> 88:7‏, ‎Psa. 88:9‏, ‎Psa. 89:4‏, ‎Psa. 89:24‏, ‎Psa.  
> 89:45‏, ‎Psa. 90:8‏, ‎Psa.
> 119:119‏, ‎Job 7:14‏, ‎Job 23:17‏, ‎Job 31:1‏, ‎ 
> Prov. 23:8‏, ‎Dan.
> 8:17‏, ‎2Chr.
> 7:18‏
> (Is 9.3 [root H.t.t.] fits this picture, too, because haHitt-o-ta  
> has a
> separating vowel between the collapsed root letters that precede,  
> and the
> suffix. Thus, the suffix cannot be joined to the previous 'taw',  
> because of
> the vowel. The other two H.t.t. examples, Jer 49.37 and Job 7.14,  
> show both
> root letters and the suffix joins the second root letter-taw, like  
> all of
> the other examples above.)
>
> So the voice is unanimous.
> It's not often when things are that black and white in language.
>
> blessings
> Randall Buth
>
> --
> Randall Buth, PhD
> www.biblicallanguagecenter.com
> Biblical Language Center
> Learn Easily - Progress Further - Remember for Life
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