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  • From: Leigh Hauter <lh AT pressroom.com>
  • To: market-farming AT lists.ibiblio.org
  • Subject: [Market-farming] strictly ot, but a clarification of what has been posted
  • Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2003 16:30:49 -0500

Here is Human Rights Watch' pr on human shields ----


Human Shields in Iraq Puts Obligations on U.S.

(New York, February 20, 2003) -- The use of human shields in Iraq would
dramatically increase the danger to civilians and the level of care the
United States and its allies must take to protect them in the event of
any attack, Human Rights Watch said today.

In releasing a new fourteen-page briefing paper, International
Humanitarian Law Issues in a Potential War in Iraq, Human Rights Watch
outlined a range of grave risks for Iraq’s civilian population,
including the prospect of extensive urban combat, the possible use of
human shields and weapons of mass destruction, and the dependence of
Iraqis on humanitarian assistance for food and medical supplies.

In a news conference yesterday, U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald
Rumsfeld said that the use of human shields in Iraq would be a violation
of the laws of war and a crime against humanity, but failed to note U.S.
legal responsibilities if human shields were used.

“If Iraq uses people as human shields, that is a war crime,” said
Kenneth Roth, executive director of Human Rights Watch. “But Secretary
Rumsfeld told only half the story yesterday. If the United States
attacks targets that are shielded by civilians without demonstrating an
overwhelming military necessity to do so, that would be a war crime,
too.”

The U.S. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Richard Myers, has
said that the U.S. military would take any possible civilian shields
into account when making targeting decisions.

Human Rights Watch takes no position on the legality of the use of
military force, including possible U.S.-led military action in Iraq. Its
work on Iraq focuses on continuing human rights abuses and, if there is
a war, the compliance by all parties with international humanitarian law
and protections for Iraqi civilians.

“International humanitarian law is not just a tool to be used against
Baghdad," said Roth. "It also imposes essential obligations on the
United States and its allies in a possible war with Iraq."

Iraq has used human shields at least twice in the past, during the 1991
Persian Gulf War and in advance of U.S. and British bombardment in
1998. The Iraqi government says it will use foreign volunteers and
possibly Iraqi citizens as human shields, but that would clearly violate
international humanitarian law regardless of the willingness of the
civilians involved.

Human Rights Watch urged all parties to a potential conflict in Iraq to:

· separate and distinguish military objectives from civilian
populations,
· renounce the use of weapons of mass destruction and other
indiscriminate or inhumane weapons, and
· make immediate preparations to secure public order and assistance
necessary to the survival of the civilian population in occupied areas.

Human Rights Watch in its briefing paper analyzed these issues in light
of past Iraqi and U.S. practice, and evolving standards of international
law. Among its conclusions:

· No party to a conflict in Iraq would be legally justified in using any
weapon of mass destruction – chemical, biological or nuclear -- under
any circumstances.
· In the event of urban warfare, defending forces must avoid locating
military objectives near populated areas, and attacking forces must
provide adequate warnings and escape routes to civilians.
· Armed attacks designed to undermine civilian morale are illegal.
· So-called dual-use targets that are essential to the survival of the
civilian population, such as electrical generation facilities, must not
be attacked. Other dual-use targets should, insofar as possible, only be
incapacitated, not destroyed, if attacked.
· Before a target is attacked, every effort must be made to correctly
identify the target.
· Only precision munitions should be used in air attacks on populated
areas.
· Antipersonnel landmines and cluster bombs must not be used.
· The United States and its allies must immediately provide security and
humanitarian services for the civilians in any territory they come to
control.
· Journalists and human rights monitors should be given maximum access
to assess the effect of war on civilians.

"The dangers to civilians are high enough from any war," says Roth.
"Strict respect for international humanitarian law is essential if these
risks are to be minimized in Iraq."

Human Rights Watch’s Briefing Paper on International Humanitarian Law
Issues in a Potential War in Iraq is available online at
http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/arms/iraq0202003.htm
From marc AT aculink.net Tue Feb 25 17:40:40 2003
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References: <PGEAIDDEHNGBHABDCONDMEFFDJAA.dave AT lilligren.com>
Subject: Re: [Market-farming] Vehicles to Dispose of Hog Waste in Utah
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2003 15:43:23 -0700
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Smithfield to build biodiesel facility at Utah hog farm
by Dan Murphy on 2/25/03 for www.meatingplace.com

Smithfield Foods will invest about $20 million in development of a facility
that converts hog waste into biodiesel fuel that can be burned in trucks and
other vehicles, the company said last week.

Smithfield will partner with BEST BioFuel LLC, which will help construct the
facility in Milford, Utah, near Smithfield's Circle Four hog production
operations.

"Livestock waste can be a source of clean, renewable vehicle fuel," said
Robert F. Urell, senior vice president of.............



  • [Market-farming] strictly ot, but a clarification of what has been posted, Leigh Hauter, 02/25/2003

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