permaculture

[Lawrence London <lfljvenaura@gmail.com>]

On Monday, December 16, 2019 at 4:00:27 PM UTC-5, Lawrence London wrote:
>
> Root microbiota drive direct integration of phosphate stress and immunity 
> | Nature
> https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417
>
>
>    - Article
>    - Published: 15 March 2017 
>    <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#article-info>
>
> Root microbiota drive direct integration of phosphate stress and immunity 
>    
>    - Gabriel Castrillo 
>    <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-1>, 
>    - Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira 
>    <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-2>, 
>    - Sur Herrera Paredes 
>    <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-3>, 
>    - Theresa F. Law <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-4>, 
>    - Laura de Lorenzo <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-5>, 
>    
>    - Meghan E. Feltcher 
>    <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-6>, 
>    - Omri M. Finkel <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-7>, 
>    - Natalie W. Breakfield 
>    <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-8>, 
>    - Piotr Mieczkowski 
>    <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-9>, 
>    - Corbin D. Jones <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-10>, 
>    
>    - Javier Paz-Ares <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-11> 
>    & 
>    - Jeffery L. Dangl 
>    <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417#auth-12> 
>
> *Nature* <https://www.nature.com/nature> *volume 543*, pages513–518(2017)
> Abstract
>
> Plants live in biogeochemically diverse soils with diverse microbiota. 
> Plant organs associate intimately with a subset of these microbes, and the 
> structure of the microbial community can be altered by soil nutrient 
> content. Plant-associated microbes can compete with the plant and with each 
> other for nutrients, but may also carry traits that increase the 
> productivity of the plant. It is unknown how the plant immune system 
> coordinates microbial recognition with nutritional cues during microbiome 
> assembly. Here we establish that a genetic network controlling the 
> phosphate stress response influences the structure of the root microbiome 
> community, even under non-stress phosphate conditions. We define a 
> molecular mechanism regulating coordination between nutrition and defence 
> in the presence of a synthetic bacterial community. We further demonstrate 
> that the master transcriptional regulators of phosphate stress response in 
> *Arabidopsis 
> thaliana* also directly repress defence, consistent with plant 
> prioritization of nutritional stress over defence. Our work will further 
> efforts to define and deploy useful microbes to enhance plant performance.
> References
>
>    1. 1
>    
>    Bulgarelli, D., Schlaeppi, K., Spaepen, S., Ver Loren van Themaat, E. 
>    & Schulze-Lefert, P. Structure and functions of the bacterial microbiota 
> of 
>    plants. *Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.* *64*, 807–838 (2013)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXosFSku7o%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23373698>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-arplant-050312-120106>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Structure%20and%20functions%20of%20the%20bacterial%20microbiota%20of%20plants&journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Plant%20Biol.&volume=64&pages=807-838&publication_year=2013&author=Bulgarelli%2CD&author=Schlaeppi%2CK&author=Spaepen%2CS&author=Ver%20Loren%20van%20Themaat%2CE&author=Schulze-Lefert%2CP>
>    2. 2
>    
>    Lebeis, S. L. et al. Salicylic acid modulates colonization of the root 
>    microbiome by specific bacterial taxa. *Science* *349*, 860–864 (2015)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhtlKlt7%252FO>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=26184915>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aaa8764>
>       - ADS 
>       
> <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2015Sci...349..860L>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Salicylic%20acid%20modulates%20colonization%20of%20the%20root%20microbiome%20by%20specific%20bacterial%20taxa&journal=Science&volume=349&pages=860-864&publication_year=2015&author=Lebeis%2CSL>
>    3. 3
>    
>    Hacquard, S. et al. Microbiota and host nutrition across plant and 
>    animal kingdoms. *Cell Host Microbe* *17*, 603–616 (2015)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXnvFShtrk%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=25974302>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chom.2015.04.009>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Microbiota%20and%20host%20nutrition%20across%20plant%20and%20animal%20kingdoms&journal=Cell%20Host%20Microbe&volume=17&pages=603-616&publication_year=2015&author=Hacquard%2CS>
>    4. 4
>    
>    Zhu, Q., Riley, W. J., Tang, J. & Koven, C. D. Multiple soil nutrient 
>    competition between plants, microbes, and mineral surfaces: model 
>    development, parameterization, and example applications in several 
> tropical 
>    forests. *Biogeosciences* *13*, 341–363 (2016)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXmsFKmsb0%253D>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fbg-13-341-2016>
>       - ADS 
>       
> <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2016BGeo...13..341Z>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Multiple%20soil%20nutrient%20competition%20between%20plants%2C%20microbes%2C%20and%20mineral%20surfaces%3A%20model%20development%2C%20parameterization%2C%20and%20example%20applications%20in%20several%20tropical%20forests&journal=Biogeosciences&volume=13&pages=341-363&publication_year=2016&author=Zhu%2CQ&author=Riley%2CWJ&author=Tang%2CJ&author=Koven%2CCD>
>    5. 5
>    
>    Richardson, A. E. & Simpson, R. J. Soil microorganisms mediating 
>    phosphorus availability update on microbial phosphorus. *Plant 
>    Physiol.* *156*, 989–996 (2011)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3MXptFWlurw%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=21606316>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135950>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1104%2Fpp.111.175448>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Soil%20microorganisms%20mediating%20phosphorus%20availability%20update%20on%20microbial%20phosphorus&journal=Plant%20Physiol.&volume=156&pages=989-996&publication_year=2011&author=Richardson%2CAE&author=Simpson%2CRJ>
>    6. 6
>    
>    Raghothama, K. G. Phosphate acquisition. *Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 
>    Plant Mol. Biol.* *50*, 665–693 (1999)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaK1MXkt1yktrs%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15012223>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.arplant.50.1.665>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Phosphate%20acquisition&journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Plant%20Physiol.%20Plant%20Mol.%20Biol.&volume=50&pages=665-693&publication_year=1999&author=Raghothama%2CKG>
>    7. 7
>    
>    Lambers, H., Martinoia, E. & Renton, M. Plant adaptations to severely 
>    phosphorus-impoverished soils. *Curr. Opin. Plant Biol.* *25*, 23–31 
>    (2015)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXms1yitbk%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=25912783>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pbi.2015.04.002>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Plant%20adaptations%20to%20severely%20phosphorus-impoverished%20soils&journal=Curr.%20Opin.%20Plant%20Biol.&volume=25&pages=23-31&publication_year=2015&author=Lambers%2CH&author=Martinoia%2CE&author=Renton%2CM>
>    8. 8
>    
>    Hiruma, K. et al. Root endophyte *Colletotrichum tofieldiae* confers 
>    plant fitness benefits that are phosphate status dependent. *Cell* 
>    *165*, 464–474 (2016)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XksVKrsb0%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=26997485>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4826447>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2016.02.028>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Root%20endophyte%20Colletotrichum%20tofieldiae%20confers%20plant%20fitness%20benefits%20that%20are%20phosphate%20status%20dependent&journal=Cell&volume=165&pages=464-474&publication_year=2016&author=Hiruma%2CK>
>    9. 9
>    
>    Harrison, M. J. Cellular programs for arbuscular mycorrhizal 
>    symbiosis. *Curr. Opin. Plant Biol.* *15*, 691–698 (2012)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhsVemsbrN>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23036821>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pbi.2012.08.010>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Cellular%20programs%20for%20arbuscular%20mycorrhizal%20symbiosis&journal=Curr.%20Opin.%20Plant%20Biol.&volume=15&pages=691-698&publication_year=2012&author=Harrison%2CMJ>
>    10. 10
>    
>    Hacquard, S. et al. Survival trade-offs in plant roots during 
>    colonization by closely related beneficial and pathogenic fungi. *Nat. 
>    Commun.* *7*, 11362 (2016)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28XnslWlsLo%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=27150427>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4859067>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms11362>
>       - ADS 
>       
> <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2016NatCo...711362H>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Survival%20trade-offs%20in%20plant%20roots%20during%20colonization%20by%20closely%20related%20beneficial%20and%20pathogenic%20fungi&journal=Nat.%20Commun.&volume=7&publication_year=2016&author=Hacquard%2CS>
>    11. 11
>    
>    Lu, Y. T. et al. Transgenic plants that express the phytoplasma 
>    effector SAP11 show altered phosphate starvation and defense responses. 
> *Plant 
>    Physiol.* *164*, 1456–1469 (2014)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXkslClt7s%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=24464367>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3938633>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1104%2Fpp.113.229740>
>       - ADS 
>       
> <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2014ctpa.book.....L>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Transgenic%20plants%20that%20express%20the%20phytoplasma%20effector%20SAP11%20show%20altered%20phosphate%20starvation%20and%20defense%20responses&journal=Plant%20Physiol.&volume=164&pages=1456-1469&publication_year=2014&author=Lu%2CYT>
>    12. 12
>    
>    Zhao, H. et al. Small RNA profiling reveals phosphorus deficiency as a 
>    contributing factor in symptom expression for citrus huanglongbing 
> disease. *Mol. 
>    Plant* *6*, 301–310 (2013)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXksFWjuro%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23292880>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3716302>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmp%2Fsst002>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Small%20RNA%20profiling%20reveals%20phosphorus%20deficiency%20as%20a%20contributing%20factor%20in%20symptom%20expression%20for%20citrus%20huanglongbing%20disease&journal=Mol.%20Plant&volume=6&pages=301-310&publication_year=2013&author=Zhao%2CH>
>    13. 13
>    
>    Bustos, R. et al. A central regulatory system largely controls 
>    transcriptional activation and repression responses to phosphate 
> starvation 
>    in *Arabidopsis*. *PLoS Genet.* *6*, e1001102 (2010)
>    - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=20838596>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2936532>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1001102>
>       - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXhtFyjsLnF>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20central%20regulatory%20system%20largely%20controls%20transcriptional%20activation%20and%20repression%20responses%20to%20phosphate%20starvation%20in%20Arabidopsis&journal=PLoS%20Genet.&volume=6&publication_year=2010&author=Bustos%2CR>
>    14. 14
>    
>    Shin, H., Shin, H. S., Dewbre, G. R. & Harrison, M. J. Phosphate 
>    transport in *Arabidopsis*: Pht1;1 and Pht1;4 play a major role in 
>    phosphate acquisition from both low- and high-phosphate environments. 
> *Plant 
>    J.* *39*, 629–642 (2004)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2cXnslOms78%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15272879>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-313X.2004.02161.x>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Phosphate%20transport%20in%20Arabidopsis%3A%20Pht1%3B1%20and%20Pht1%3B4%20play%20a%20major%20role%20in%20phosphate%20acquisition%20from%20both%20low-%20and%20high-phosphate%20environments&journal=Plant%20J.&volume=39&pages=629-642&publication_year=2004&author=Shin%2CH&author=Shin%2CHS&author=Dewbre%2CGR&author=Harrison%2CMJ>
>    15. 15
>    
>    González, E., Solano, R., Rubio, V., Leyva, A. & Paz-Ares, J. 
>    PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER TRAFFIC FACILITATOR1 is a plant-specific 
>    SEC12-related protein that enables the endoplasmic reticulum exit of a 
>    high-affinity phosphate transporter in *Arabidopsis*. *Plant Cell* *17*, 
>    3500–3512 (2005)
>    - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16284308>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1315384>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1105%2Ftpc.105.036640>
>       - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2MXhtlersL3I>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=PHOSPHATE%20TRANSPORTER%20TRAFFIC%20FACILITATOR1%20is%20a%20plant-specific%20SEC12-related%20protein%20that%20enables%20the%20endoplasmic%20reticulum%20exit%20of%20a%20high-affinity%20phosphate%20transporter%20in%20Arabidopsis&journal=Plant%20Cell&volume=17&pages=3500-3512&publication_year=2005&author=Gonz%C3%A1lez%2CE&author=Solano%2CR&author=Rubio%2CV&author=Leyva%2CA&author=Paz-Ares%2CJ>
>    16. 16
>    
>    Huang, T. K. et al. Identification of downstream components of 
>    ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme PHOSPHATE2 by quantitative membrane 
> proteomics 
>    in *Arabidopsis* roots. *Plant Cell* *25*, 4044–4060 (2013)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhvFOrtrvJ>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=24122829>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3877800>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1105%2Ftpc.113.115998>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Identification%20of%20downstream%20components%20of%20ubiquitin-conjugating%20enzyme%20PHOSPHATE2%20by%20quantitative%20membrane%20proteomics%20in%20Arabidopsis%20roots&journal=Plant%20Cell&volume=25&pages=4044-4060&publication_year=2013&author=Huang%2CTK>
>    17. 17
>    
>    Lin, W. Y., Huang, T. K. & Chiou, T. J. Nitrogen limitation 
>    adaptation, a target of microRNA827, mediates degradation of plasma 
>    membrane-localized phosphate transporters to maintain phosphate 
> homeostasis 
>    in *Arabidopsis*. *Plant Cell* *25*, 4061–4074 (2013)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhvFOrtrvE>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=24122828>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3877804>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1105%2Ftpc.113.116012>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Nitrogen%20limitation%20adaptation%2C%20a%20target%20of%20microRNA827%2C%20mediates%20degradation%20of%20plasma%20membrane-localized%20phosphate%20transporters%20to%20maintain%20phosphate%20homeostasis%20in%20Arabidopsis&journal=Plant%20Cell&volume=25&pages=4061-4074&publication_year=2013&author=Lin%2CWY&author=Huang%2CTK&author=Chiou%2CTJ>
>    18. 18
>    
>    Puga, M. I . et al. SPX1 is a phosphate-dependent inhibitor of 
>    Phosphate Starvation Response 1 in *Arabidopsis*. *Proc. Natl Acad. 
>    Sci. USA* *111*, 14947–14952 (2014)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhs1ChtbrF>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=25271326>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1404654111>
>       - ADS 
>       
> <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2014PNAS..11114947P>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=SPX1%20is%20a%20phosphate-dependent%20inhibitor%20of%20Phosphate%20Starvation%20Response%201%20in%20Arabidopsis&journal=Proc.%20Natl%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&volume=111&pages=14947-14952&publication_year=2014&author=Puga%2CMI>
>    19. 19
>    
>    Lundberg, D. S. et al. Defining the core *Arabidopsis thaliana* root 
>    microbiome. *Nature* *488*, 86–90 (2012)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhtFCgsrrK>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=4074413>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4074413>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature11237>
>       - ADS 
>       
> <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2012Natur.488...86L>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Defining%20the%20core%20Arabidopsis%20thaliana%20root%20microbiome&journal=Nature&volume=488&pages=86-90&publication_year=2012&author=Lundberg%2CDS>
>    20. 20
>    
>    Karthikeyan, A. S. et al. Phosphate starvation responses are mediated 
>    by sugar signaling in *Arabidopsis*. *Planta* *225*, 907–918 (2007)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXhvVeisr0%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17033812>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00425-006-0408-8>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Phosphate%20starvation%20responses%20are%20mediated%20by%20sugar%20signaling%20in%20Arabidopsis&journal=Planta&volume=225&pages=907-918&publication_year=2007&author=Karthikeyan%2CAS>
>    21. 21
>    
>    Schweizer, F. et al. *Arabidopsis* basic helix-loop-helix 
>    transcription factors MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 regulate glucosinolate 
>    biosynthesis, insect performance, and feeding behavior. *Plant Cell* 
>    *25*, 3117–3132 (2013)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhs1eht7vI>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23943862>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784603>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1105%2Ftpc.113.115139>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Arabidopsis%20basic%20helix-loop-helix%20transcription%20factors%20MYC2%2C%20MYC3%2C%20and%20MYC4%20regulate%20glucosinolate%20biosynthesis%2C%20insect%20performance%2C%20and%20feeding%20behavior&journal=Plant%20Cell&volume=25&pages=3117-3132&publication_year=2013&author=Schweizer%2CF>
>    22. 22
>    
>    Pant, B. D. et al. Identification of primary and secondary metabolites 
>    with phosphorus status-dependent abundance in *Arabidopsis*, and of 
>    the transcription factor PHR1 as a major regulator of metabolic changes 
>    during phosphorus limitation. *Plant Cell Environ.* *38*, 172–187 
>    (2015)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXitFSqt77K>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=24894834>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpce.12378>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Identification%20of%20primary%20and%20secondary%20metabolites%20with%20phosphorus%20status-dependent%20abundance%20in%20Arabidopsis%2C%20and%20of%20the%20transcription%20factor%20PHR1%20as%20a%20major%20regulator%20of%20metabolic%20changes%20during%20phosphorus%20limitation&journal=Plant%20Cell%20Environ.&volume=38&pages=172-187&publication_year=2015&author=Pant%2CBD>
>    23. 23
>    
>    Rallapalli, G. et al. EXPRSS: an Illumina based high-throughput 
>    expression-profiling method to reveal transcriptional dynamics. *BMC 
>    Genomics* *15*, 341 (2014)
>    - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=24884414>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4035070>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2164-15-341>
>       - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2cXhvVCqt7zM>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=EXPRSS%3A%20an%20Illumina%20based%20high-throughput%20expression-profiling%20method%20to%20reveal%20transcriptional%20dynamics&journal=BMC%20Genomics&volume=15&publication_year=2014&author=Rallapalli%2CG>
>    24. 24
>    
>    Khan, G. A., Vogiatzaki, E., Glauser, G. & Poirier, Y. Phosphate 
>    deficiency induces the jasmonate pathway and enhances resistance to 
> insect 
>    herbivory. *Plant Physiol.* *171*, 632–644 (2016)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28Xhslyqu7fM>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=27016448>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4854718>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1104%2Fpp.16.00278>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Phosphate%20deficiency%20induces%20the%20jasmonate%20pathway%20and%20enhances%20resistance%20to%20insect%20herbivory&journal=Plant%20Physiol.&volume=171&pages=632-644&publication_year=2016&author=Khan%2CGA&author=Vogiatzaki%2CE&author=Glauser%2CG&author=Poirier%2CY>
>    25. 25
>    
>    Ames, B. N. Assay of inorganic phosphate, total phosphate and 
>    phosphatases. *Methods Enzymol.* *8*, 115–118 (1966)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaF1cXhvFeksQ%253D%253D>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0076-6879%2866%2908014-5>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Assay%20of%20inorganic%20phosphate%2C%20total%20phosphate%20and%20phosphatases&journal=Methods%20Enzymol.&volume=8&pages=115-118&publication_year=1966&author=Ames%2CBN>
>    26. 26
>    
>    Barboriak, D. P., Padua, A. O., York, G. E. & Macfall, J. R. Creation 
>    of DICOM-aware applications using ImageJ. *J. Digit. Imaging* *18*, 
>    91–99 (2005)
>    - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15827831>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3046706>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10278-004-1879-4>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Creation%20of%20DICOM-aware%20applications%20using%20ImageJ&journal=J.%20Digit.%20Imaging&volume=18&pages=91-99&publication_year=2005&author=Barboriak%2CDP&author=Padua%2CAO&author=York%2CGE&author=Macfall%2CJR>
>    27. 27
>    
>    Arsenault, J. L., Pouleur, S., Messier, C. & Guay, R. WinRHIZO, a 
>    root-measuring system with a unique overlap correction method. 
>    *HortScience* *30*, 906 (1995)
>    - Article <https://doi.org/10.21273%2FHORTSCI.30.4.906D>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=WinRHIZO%2C%20a%20root-measuring%20system%20with%20a%20unique%20overlap%20correction%20method&journal=HortScience&volume=30&publication_year=1995&author=Arsenault%2CJL&author=Pouleur%2CS&author=Messier%2CC&author=Guay%2CR>
>    28. 28
>    
>    Caporaso, J. G. et al. Ultra-high-throughput microbial community 
>    analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms. *ISME J.* *6*, 
>    1621–1624 (2012)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XhtVOjtL3N>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22402401>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3400413>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fismej.2012.8>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Ultra-high-throughput%20microbial%20community%20analysis%20on%20the%20Illumina%20HiSeq%20and%20MiSeq%20platforms&journal=ISME%20J.&volume=6&pages=1621-1624&publication_year=2012&author=Caporaso%2CJG>
>    29. 29
>    
>    Lundberg, D. S., Yourstone, S., Mieczkowski, P., Jones, C. D. & Dangl, 
>    J. L. Practical innovations for high-throughput amplicon sequencing. 
> *Nat. 
>    Methods* *10*, 999–1002 (2013)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhtlGmurnN>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23995388>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnmeth.2634>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Practical%20innovations%20for%20high-throughput%20amplicon%20sequencing&journal=Nat.%20Methods&volume=10&pages=999-1002&publication_year=2013&author=Lundberg%2CDS&author=Yourstone%2CS&author=Mieczkowski%2CP&author=Jones%2CCD&author=Dangl%2CJL>
>    30. 30
>    
>    Edgar, R. C. UPARSE: highly accurate OTU sequences from microbial 
>    amplicon reads. *Nat. Methods* *10*, 996–998 (2013)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXht1ylsLzE>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23955772>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnmeth.2604>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=UPARSE%3A%20highly%20accurate%20OTU%20sequences%20from%20microbial%20amplicon%20reads&journal=Nat.%20Methods&volume=10&pages=996-998&publication_year=2013&author=Edgar%2CRC>
>    31. 31
>    
>    Wang, Q., Garrity, G. M., Tiedje, J. M. & Cole, J. R. Naive Bayesian 
>    classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial 
>    taxonomy. *Appl. Environ. Microbiol.* *73*, 5261–5267 (2007)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXpsleqtrc%253D>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAEM.00062-07>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1950982>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1950982>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Naive%20Bayesian%20classifier%20for%20rapid%20assignment%20of%20rRNA%20sequences%20into%20the%20new%20bacterial%20taxonomy&journal=Appl.%20Environ.%20Microbiol.&volume=73&pages=5261-5267&publication_year=2007&author=Wang%2CQ&author=Garrity%2CGM&author=Tiedje%2CJM&author=Cole%2CJR>
>    32. 32
>    
>    Yourstone, S. M., Lundberg, D. S., Dangl, J. L. & Jones, C. D. 
>    MT-Toolbox: improved amplicon sequencing using molecule tags. *BMC 
>    Bioinformatics* *15*, 284 (2014)
>    - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=25149069>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4153912>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2105-15-284>
>       - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXisV2nsbc%253D>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=MT-Toolbox%3A%20improved%20amplicon%20sequencing%20using%20molecule%20tags&journal=BMC%20Bioinformatics&volume=15&publication_year=2014&author=Yourstone%2CSM&author=Lundberg%2CDS&author=Dangl%2CJL&author=Jones%2CCD>
>    33. 33
>    
>    Nguyen, N. H., Smith, D., Peay, K. & Kennedy, P. Parsing ecological 
>    signal from noise in next generation amplicon sequencing. *New Phytol.* 
>    *205*, 1389–1393 (2015)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2MXhvFehtb8%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=24985885>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnph.12923>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Parsing%20ecological%20signal%20from%20noise%20in%20next%20generation%20amplicon%20sequencing&journal=New%20Phytol.&volume=205&pages=1389-1393&publication_year=2015&author=Nguyen%2CNH&author=Smith%2CD&author=Peay%2CK&author=Kennedy%2CP>
>    34. 34
>    
>    Hubert, D. A ., He, Y ., McNulty, B. C ., Tornero, P & Dangl, J. L. 
>    Specific *Arabidopsis* HSP90.2 alleles recapitulate RAR1 cochaperone 
>    function in plant NB-LRR disease resistance protein regulation. *Proc. 
>    Natl Acad. Sci. USA* *106*, 9556–9563 (2009)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXotFCqtbo%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19487680>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0904877106>
>       - ADS 
>       
> <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2009PNAS..106.9556H>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Specific%20Arabidopsis%20HSP90.2%20alleles%20recapitulate%20RAR1%20cochaperone%20function%20in%20plant%20NB-LRR%20disease%20resistance%20protein%20regulation&journal=Proc.%20Natl%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&volume=106&pages=9556-9563&publication_year=2009&author=Hubert%2CDA&author=He%2CY&author=McNulty%2CBC&author=Tornero%2CP&author=Dangl%2CJL>
>    35. 35
>    
>    Logemann, J., Schell, J. & Willmitzer, L. Improved method for the 
>    isolation of RNA from plant tissues. *Anal. Biochem.* *163*, 16–20 
>    (1987)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADyaL2sXktlKitr0%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2441623>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0003-2697%2887%2990086-8>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Improved%20method%20for%20the%20isolation%20of%20RNA%20from%20plant%20tissues&journal=Anal.%20Biochem.&volume=163&pages=16-20&publication_year=1987&author=Logemann%2CJ&author=Schell%2CJ&author=Willmitzer%2CL>
>    36. 36
>    
>    Martin, M. Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput 
>    sequencing reads. *EMBnet. Journal.* *17*, 10–12 (2011)
>    - Article <https://doi.org/10.14806%2Fej.17.1.200>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Cutadapt%20removes%20adapter%20sequences%20from%20high-throughput%20sequencing%20reads&journal=EMBnet.%20Journal.&volume=17&pages=10-12&publication_year=2011&author=Martin%2CM>
>    37. 37
>    
>    Trapnell, C., Pachter, L. & Salzberg, S. L. TopHat: discovering splice 
>    junctions with RNA-Seq. *Bioinformatics* *25*, 1105–1111 (2009)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXltFWisrk%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19289445>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2672628>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbioinformatics%2Fbtp120>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=TopHat%3A%20discovering%20splice%20junctions%20with%20RNA-Seq&journal=Bioinformatics&volume=25&pages=1105-1111&publication_year=2009&author=Trapnell%2CC&author=Pachter%2CL&author=Salzberg%2CSL>
>    38. 38
>    
>    Anders, S., Pyl, P. T. & Huber, W. HTSeq—a Python framework to work 
>    with high-throughput sequencing data. *Bioinformatics* *31*, 166–169 
>    (2015)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC28Xht1Sjt7vL>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbioinformatics%2Fbtu638>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=25260700>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC25260700>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=HTSeq%E2%80%94a%20Python%20framework%20to%20work%20with%20high-throughput%20sequencing%20data&journal=Bioinformatics&volume=31&pages=166-169&publication_year=2015&author=Anders%2CS&author=Pyl%2CPT&author=Huber%2CW>
>    39. 39
>    
>    McCarthy, D. J., Chen, Y. & Smyth, G. K. Differential expression 
>    analysis of multifactor RNA-Seq experiments with respect to biological 
>    variation. *Nucleic Acids Res.* *40*, 4288–4297 (2012)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC38XnsF2ks74%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22287627>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC22287627>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgks042>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Differential%20expression%20analysis%20of%20multifactor%20RNA-Seq%20experiments%20with%20respect%20to%20biological%20variation&journal=Nucleic%20Acids%20Res.&volume=40&pages=4288-4297&publication_year=2012&author=McCarthy%2CDJ&author=Chen%2CY&author=Smyth%2CGK>
>    40. 40
>    
>    Robinson, M. D., McCarthy, D. J. & Smyth, G. K. edgeR: a Bioconductor 
>    package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression 
>    data. *Bioinformatics* *26*, 139–140 (2010)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD1MXhs1WlurvO>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbioinformatics%2Fbtp616>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=edgeR%3A%20a%20Bioconductor%20package%20for%20differential%20expression%20analysis%20of%20digital%20gene%20expression%20data&journal=Bioinformatics&volume=26&pages=139-140&publication_year=2010&author=Robinson%2CMD&author=McCarthy%2CDJ&author=Smyth%2CGK>
>    41. 41
>    
>    Robinson, M. D. & Oshlack, A. A scaling normalization method for 
>    differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data. *Genome Biol.* *11*, 
>    R25 (2010)
>    - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=20196867>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC20196867>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fgb-2010-11-3-r25>
>       - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3cXkvVKjtro%253D>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20scaling%20normalization%20method%20for%20differential%20expression%20analysis%20of%20RNA-seq%20data&journal=Genome%20Biol.&volume=11&publication_year=2010&author=Robinson%2CMD&author=Oshlack%2CA>
>    42. 42
>    
>    Benjamini, Y. & Hochberg, Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a 
>    practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. *J. R. Stat. Soc. 
>    B* *57*, 289–300 (1995)
>    - MathSciNet <http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=1325392>
>       - MATH <http://www.emis.de/MATH-item?0809.62014>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Controlling%20the%20false%20discovery%20rate%3A%20a%20practical%20and%20powerful%20approach%20to%20multiple%20testing&journal=J.%20R.%20Stat.%20Soc.%20B&volume=57&pages=289-300&publication_year=1995&author=Benjamini%2CY&author=Hochberg%2CY>
>    43. 43
>    
>    Morcuende, R. et al. Genome-wide reprogramming of metabolism and 
>    regulatory networks of *Arabidopsis* in response to phosphorus. *Plant 
>    Cell Environ.* *30*, 85–112 (2007)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2sXitVCltb0%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17177879>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3040.2006.01608.x>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Genome-wide%20reprogramming%20of%20metabolism%20and%20regulatory%20networks%20of%20Arabidopsis%20in%20response%20to%20phosphorus&journal=Plant%20Cell%20Environ.&volume=30&pages=85-112&publication_year=2007&author=Morcuende%2CR>
>    44. 44
>    
>    Misson, J . et al. A genome-wide transcriptional analysis using 
> *Arabidopsis 
>    thaliana* Affymetrix gene chips determined plant responses to 
>    phosphate deprivation. *Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA* *102*, 11934–11939 
>    (2005)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BD2MXpsFGgu7w%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16085708>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0505266102>
>       - ADS 
>       
> <http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2005PNAS..10211934M>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20genome-wide%20transcriptional%20analysis%20using%20Arabidopsis%20thaliana%20Affymetrix%20gene%20chips%20determined%20plant%20responses%20to%20phosphate%20deprivation&journal=Proc.%20Natl%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&volume=102&pages=11934-11939&publication_year=2005&author=Misson%2CJ>
>    45. 45
>    
>    Castrillo, G. et al. WRKY6 transcription factor restricts arsenate 
>    uptake and transposon activation in *Arabidopsis*. *Plant Cell* *25*, 
>    2944–2957 (2013)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC3sXhs1eht7rM>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23922208>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784590>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1105%2Ftpc.113.114009>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=WRKY6%20transcription%20factor%20restricts%20arsenate%20uptake%20and%20transposon%20activation%20in%20Arabidopsis&journal=Plant%20Cell&volume=25&pages=2944-2957&publication_year=2013&author=Castrillo%2CG>
>    46. 46
>    
>    Gregory, R. et al. gplots: Various R programming tools for plotting 
>    data. R package version. 3.0.1 (2016)
>    47. 47
>    
>    Yi, X., Du, Z. & Su, Z. PlantGSEA: a gene set enrichment analysis 
>    toolkit for plant community. *Nucleic Acids Res.* *41*, W98–W103 (2013)
>    - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23632162>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3692080>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkt281>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=PlantGSEA%3A%20a%20gene%20set%20enrichment%20analysis%20toolkit%20for%20plant%20community&journal=Nucleic%20Acids%20Res.&volume=41&pages=W98-W103&publication_year=2013&author=Yi%2CX&author=Du%2CZ&author=Su%2CZ>
>    48. 48
>    
>    Yang, L. et al. *Pseudomonas syringae* type III effector HopBB1 fine 
>    tunes pathogen virulence by degrading host transcriptional repressors. 
> *Cell 
>    Host Microbe* *21*, 156–168 (2017)
>    - CAS 
>       
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/cas-redirect/1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC2sXhs1KntL0%253D>
>       - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=28132837>
>       - PubMed Central 
>       <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5314207>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chom.2017.01.003>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Pseudomonas%20syringae%20type%20III%20effector%20HopBB1%20fine%20tunes%20pathogen%20virulence%20by%20degrading%20host%20transcriptional%20repressors&journal=Cell%20Host%20Microbe&volume=21&pages=156-168&publication_year=2017&author=Yang%2CL>
>    49. 49
>    
>    R Core Team . R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 
>    http://www.R-project.org/ (2014)
>    50. 50
>    
>    Sur Herrera Paredes. AMOR 0.0-14. *Zenodo*. 
>    http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.49093 
>    <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.49093> (2016)
>    51. 51
>    
>    Xie, Y. knitr: A feneral-purpose package for dynamic report generation 
>    in R. R package version 1.12.3 (2016)
>    52. 52
>    
>    Wickham, H. *ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis.* 
>    (Springer-Verlag, 2009)
>    53. 53
>    
>    Oksanen, J. et al. vegan: Community ecology package. R package version 
>    2.3-5 (2016)
>    54. 54
>    
>    Anderson, M. J. & Willis, T. J. Canonical analysis of principal 
>    coordinates: A useful method of constrained ordination for ecology. 
>    *Ecology* *84*, 511–525 (2003)
>    - Article 
>       
> <https://doi.org/10.1890%2F0012-9658%282003%29084%5B0511%3ACAOPCA%5D2.0.CO%3B2>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Canonical%20analysis%20of%20principal%20coordinates%3A%20A%20useful%20method%20of%20constrained%20ordination%20for%20ecology&journal=Ecology&volume=84&pages=511-525&publication_year=2003&author=Anderson%2CMJ&author=Willis%2CTJ>
>    55. 55
>    
>    Lun, A. T. L., Chen, Y. & Smyth, G. K. It’s DE-licious: a recipe for 
>    differential expression analyses of RNA-seq experiments using 
>    quasi-likelihood methods in edgeR. *Methods Mol. Biol.* *1418*, 
>    391–416 (2016)
>    - PubMed 
>       
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=27008025>
>       - Article <https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4939-3578-9_19>
>       - Google Scholar 
>       
> <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=It%E2%80%99s%20DE-licious%3A%20a%20recipe%20for%20differential%20expression%20analyses%20of%20RNA-seq%20experiments%20using%20quasi-likelihood%20methods%20in%20edgeR&journal=Methods%20Mol.%20Biol.&volume=1418&pages=391-416&publication_year=2016&author=Lun%2CATL&author=Chen%2CY&author=Smyth%2CGK>
>    
> Download references 
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417-references.ris>
> Acknowledgements
>
> Support by NSF INSPIRE grant IOS-1343020 and DOE-USDA Feedstock Award 
> DE-SC001043 to J.L.D. S.H.P. was supported by NIH Training Grant T32 
> GM067553-06 and is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Student 
> Research Fellow. P.J.P.L.T. was supported by The Pew Latin American Fellows 
> Program in the Biomedical Sciences. J.L.D. is an Investigator of the Howard 
> Hughes Medical Institute, supported by the HHMI and the Gordon and Betty 
> Moore Foundation (GBMF3030). M.E.F. and O.M.F. are supported by NIH NRSA 
> Fellowships F32-GM112345-02 and F32-GM117758-01, respectively. N.W.B. was 
> supported by NIH NRSA Fellowship F32-GM103156. J.P.-A. is funded by the 
> Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO BIO2014-60453-R and 
> EUI2008-03748). We thank S. Barth and E. Getzen for technical assistance, 
> the Dangl laboratory microbiome group for useful discussions and S. Grant, 
> D. Lundberg, F. El Kasmi, P. Schulze-Lefert and his colleagues for critical 
> comments on the manuscript. Supplement contains additional data. Raw 
> sequence data are available at the EBI Sequence Read Archive accession 
> PRJEB15671 for microbiome 16S profiling, and at the Gene Expression Omnibus 
> accessions GSE87339 for transcriptomic experiments. J.L.D. is a co-founder 
> of, and shareholder in, and S.H.P. collaborates with, AgBiome LLC, a 
> corporation whose goal is to use plant-associated microbes to improve plant 
> productivity.
> Author information
> Author notes
>    
>    1. 
>       - Laura de Lorenzo
>       -  & Natalie W. Breakfield
>    
>    Present address: †Present addresses: NewLeaf Symbiotics, St. Louis, 
>    Missouri 63132, USA (N.W.B.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 
>    University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA (L.d.L.)., 
>    2. 
>    
>    Gabriel Castrillo, Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira and Sur Herrera 
>    Paredes: These authors contributed equally to this work.
>    
> Affiliations
>    
>    1. Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 
>    North Carolina 27599-3280, USA
>       - Gabriel Castrillo
>       - , Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira
>       - , Sur Herrera Paredes
>       - , Theresa F. Law
>       - , Meghan E. Feltcher
>       - , Omri M. Finkel
>       - , Natalie W. Breakfield
>       - , Corbin D. Jones
>       -  & Jeffery L. Dangl
>    2. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, 
>    Chapel Hill, 27599-3280, North Carolina, USA
>       - Gabriel Castrillo
>       - , Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira
>       - , Sur Herrera Paredes
>       - , Theresa F. Law
>       - , Meghan E. Feltcher
>       - , Omri M. Finkel
>       - , Natalie W. Breakfield
>       -  & Jeffery L. Dangl
>    3. Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University 
>    of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599-3280, North Carolina, USA
>       - Sur Herrera Paredes
>       - , Corbin D. Jones
>       -  & Jeffery L. Dangl
>    4. Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de 
>    Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
>       - Laura de Lorenzo
>       -  & Javier Paz-Ares
>    5. Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 
>    North Carolina, USA
>       - Piotr Mieczkowski
>       -  & Corbin D. Jones
>    6. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North 
>    Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599-3280, North Carolina, USA
>       - Piotr Mieczkowski
>       -  & Corbin D. Jones
>    7. Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, 
>    Chapel Hill, 27599-3280, North Carolina, USA
>       - Piotr Mieczkowski
>       - , Corbin D. Jones
>       -  & Jeffery L. Dangl
>    8. Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North 
>    Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599-3280, North Carolina, USA
>       - Corbin D. Jones
>       -  & Jeffery L. Dangl
>    9. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North 
>    Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599-3280, North Carolina, USA
>       - Jeffery L. Dangl
>    10. †Present addresses: NewLeaf Symbiotics, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, 
>    USA (N.W.B.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of 
>    Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA (L.d.L.).
>       - Laura de Lorenzo
>       -  & Natalie W. Breakfield
>    
> Contributions
>
> G.C., P.J.P.L.T., S.H.P. and J.L.D. designed the project, G.C., S.H.P., 
> T.F.L. and M.E.F. set up the experiments, collected samples and organized 
> construction of 16S sequencing libraries. G.C. and T.F.L. performed control 
> experiments related with PSR induced by the SynCom. G.C., N.W.B., M.E.F. 
> and T.F.L. set up the experiments, collected samples and isolated RNA. 
> P.J.P.L.T. organized, performed construction of RNA-seq libraries and 
> analysed RNA-seq data. S.H.P. analysed 16S sequencing data. S.H.P. and 
> P.J.P.L.T. oversaw data deposition. G.C., T.F.L. and P.J.P.L.T. performed 
> pathology experiments. G.C., P.J.P.L.T., S.H.P., T.F.L., O.M.F. and J.L.D. 
> analysed data and created figures. L.d.L. performed the ChIP–seq 
> experiment. C.D.J. and P.M. advised on sequencing process and statistical 
> methods. G.C., P.J.P.L.T., S.H.P. and J.L.D. wrote the manuscript with 
> input from O.M.F., C.D.J. and J.P.-A.
> Corresponding author
>
> Correspondence to Jeffery L. Dangl 
> <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417/email/correspondent/c1/new>.
> Ethics declarations
> Competing interests 
>
> The authors declare no competing financial interests.
> Additional information
>
> *Reviewer Information* *Nature* thanks P. Finnegan and the other 
> anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this 
> work.
> Extended data figures and tables
>
> [....]
> Supplementary information
> Supplementary Information 
> <https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature21417/MediaObjects/41586_2017_BFnature21417_MOESM49_ESM.pdf>
>
> This file contains Supplementary Text 1-5 and additional references. (PDF 
> 284 kb)
> Supplementary Information 
> <https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature21417/MediaObjects/41586_2017_BFnature21417_MOESM50_ESM.zip>
>
> This zipped file contains Supplementary Tables 1-16, Supplementary 
> Datasets 1-2 together with legends for both the Supplementary Tables and 
> Supplementary Data. (ZIP 24086 kb)
> PowerPoint slides
> PowerPoint slide for Fig. 1 
> <https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature21417/MediaObjects/41586_2017_BFnature21417_MOESM45_ESM.ppt>
> PowerPoint slide for Fig. 2 
> <https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature21417/MediaObjects/41586_2017_BFnature21417_MOESM46_ESM.ppt>
> PowerPoint slide for Fig. 3 
> <https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature21417/MediaObjects/41586_2017_BFnature21417_MOESM47_ESM.ppt>
> PowerPoint slide for Fig. 4 
> <https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature21417/MediaObjects/41586_2017_BFnature21417_MOESM48_ESM.ppt>
> About this article
> [image: Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark] 
> <https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/nature21417>
> Cite this article
>
> Castrillo, G., Teixeira, P., Paredes, S. *et al.* Root microbiota drive 
> direct integration of phosphate stress and immunity. *Nature* *543, 
> *513–518 
> (2017) doi:10.1038/nature21417
>
> Download citation <https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21417.ris>
>
>    - Received
>    
>    21 September 2016
>    - Accepted
>    
>    25 January 2017
>    - Published
>    
>    15 March 2017
>    - Issue Date
>    
>    23 March 2017
>    - DOI
>    
>    https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21417
>    
> Subjects
>    
>    - Abiotic <https://www.nature.com/subjects/abiotic>
>    - Biotic <https://www.nature.com/subjects/biotic>
>    - Microbiome <https://www.nature.com/subjects/microbiome>
>    - Plant immunity <https://www.nature.com/subjects/plant-immunity>
>    - Plant molecular biology 
>    <https://www.nature.com/subjects/plant-molecular-biology>
>
> Further reading 
>
>    - Manipulating Wild and Tamed Phytobiomes: Challenges and 
>    Opportunities <https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-01-19-0006-W> 
>       - Terrence H. Bell
>       - , Kevin L. Hockett
>       - […]
>       - Etienne Yergeau
>    
>    *Phytobiomes Journal* (2019) 
>    - Additive and heterozygous (dis)advantage GWAS models reveal 
>    candidate genes involved in the genotypic variation of maize hybrids to 
>    Azospirillum brasilense <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222788> 
>       - Miriam Suzane Vidotti
>       - , Danilo Hottis Lyra
>       - […]
>       - Kandasamy Ulaganathan
>    
>    *PLOS ONE* (2019) 
>    - Arabidopsis defense mutant ndr1-1 displays accelerated development 
>    and early flowering mediated by the hormone gibberellic acid 
>    <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.006> 
>       - Nikhilesh Dhar
>       - , Dylan P.G. Short
>       - […]
>       - Steven J. Klosterman
>    
>    *Plant Science* (2019) 
>    - Complete Genome Sequence of Agrobacterium sp. Strain 33MFTa1.1, 
>    Isolated from Thlaspi arvense Roots 
>    <https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00432-19> 
>       - Sasha Langley
>       - , Thomas Eng
>       - […]
>       - Catherine Putonti
>    
>    *Microbiology Resource Announcements* (2019) 
>    - Rhizobien in der Pflanzenmikrobiota 
>    <https://doi.org/10.1002/biuz.201910692> 
>       - Kathrin Wippel
>       - , Paul Schulze‐Lefert
>       -  & Ruben Garrido‐Oter
>    
>    *Biologie in unserer Zeit* (2019) 
>    
>
>From lfljvenaura@gmail.com  Tue Dec 17 13:44:44 2019
Return-Path: <lfljvenaura@gmail.com>
X-Original-To: permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
Delivered-To: permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
Received: from mail-lj1-f179.google.com (mail-lj1-f179.google.com
 [209.85.208.179])
 by lists.ibiblio.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id AB5392055E97
 for <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>; Tue, 17 Dec 2019 13:44:43 -0500 (EST)
Received: by mail-lj1-f179.google.com with SMTP id p8so5488355ljg.0
 for <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>; Tue, 17 Dec 2019 10:44:43 -0800 (PST)
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s 161025;
 h=mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to;
 bh=m3ALh/yEtrn0Jl2Nx4wgVmfAeK0NqBhAd4reU6nv8Dk=;
 b=hR1jZV22qg1rK0oX2N18gaAR8QXAw+6m+R3zJTCPCnP253QC856NtUNb2LAvM16NPc
 fvHJdK/QsW+prIDNf2Ocp20FKrQg/NGiz34ZwAYmzYKYvDxG38IAWmK6PgM8w8kMP1E/
 ir7M4V4hW4+ln/5EaUmhGKmxiO+T0jdIRm8SGisulrDXq3CwR1kinJzV02fdAFXUXFiQ
 tOjB2Mv/l0bPJjUG8KiiAEefOff5d5f1SCX7zE9aM94giGcIzH4tVlGVbJv7poJZvcPZ
 OpWMvivrF9fzED3NmYAeKfvg5kz4CuAOTHQBjZsJXw4YEk9Hu6sy3SDGdFw7HRNn9Bdk
 8eKQ=X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed;
 d100.net; s 161025;
 h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to;
 bh=m3ALh/yEtrn0Jl2Nx4wgVmfAeK0NqBhAd4reU6nv8Dk=;
 b=riF/hSZaND1fL222+3P7cX0l/Hli+22NbY+5tU8MJCoQZUb5at/0izciUSa4ChcyJn
 SciC68HfPqVcbzcEQkxTCkRNh4UVJ5AinHALV6sSsZQnX29MrK4oEBwS77oQpWXJ7tkj
 j2sytVv1JL/Q9qut+UcG3ddVR6pey+jewHTS+giLPq7nCg8r/IOkfe1KDcf/rhkRtVJi
 VXrPsEW0YyO3Mq7FY5dmZAw+x0Utf9MiQE14owz0oMBLtuBb3+BySTMtFADZeEfiWpqU
 tNXSM/TzGXDSes4whRTcwTA01r6OmkOcBrjni1vVg0g0Zd7ndvpiRXKSRD6WlA/vj27x
 fosw=X-Gm-Message-State: 
APjAAAXtc8swn1jGoASAX7Ni4QP5jPUc9zg95ReRJ3iUTtOBXL2Pe08M
 2G3TxUh6XfDiq8i8G4YXN9cnxYEj66N3QH8xSOBGXcVu
X-Google-Smtp-Source: 
APXvYqy3B3Df52udd2N/vS2AtaGcXOs20ZsPDSCSqk2EBHLq0C1CYoo/7iUg+qR5EqasKAQQ5XpbopU3z+1hsj1N9gYX-Received:
 by 2002:a2e:9587:: with SMTP id w7mr4144314ljh.42.1576608282364;
 Tue, 17 Dec 2019 10:44:42 -0800 (PST)
MIME-Version: 1.0
From: Lawrence London <lfljvenaura@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Dec 2019 13:44:30 -0500
Message-ID: 
<CA+j2Q+Cz7mgRRD1eGJppcKtZPu_iRQaSrNg5uiF_KpdZgYGy9w@mail.gmail.com>
To: sustagnet@googlegroups.com, permaculture <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29
Subject: [permaculture] Ukraine Farmers Who Endured Hitler,
 Stalin Now Fear Markets - Bloomberg
X-BeenThere: permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29
Precedence: list
List-Id: permaculture <permaculture.lists.ibiblio.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://lists.ibiblio.org/mailman/options/permaculture>,
 <mailto:permaculture-request@lists.ibiblio.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <https://lists.ibiblio.org/sympa/arc/permaculture/>
List-Post: <mailto:permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
List-Help: <mailto:sympa@lists.ibiblio.org?subject=HELP>
List-Subscribe: <https://lists.ibiblio.org/mailman/listinfo/permaculture>,
 <mailto:permaculture-request@lists.ibiblio.org?subject=subscribe>
X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 17 Dec 2019 18:44:44 -0000

Ukraine Farmers Who Endured Hitler, Stalin Now Fear Markets - Bloomberg
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-17/europe-s-tragic-breadbasket-braces-for-new-fight-for-black-soil
politics
Ukraine Farmers Who Endured Hitler, Stalin Now Fear Markets By
Volodymyr Verbyany
<https://www.bloomberg.com/authors/ARw-Xwyj-ww/volodymyr-verbyany>
December 17, 2019, 12:08 AM EST Updated on December 17, 2019, 7:38 AM EST

   - Ukrainian government seeks to lift ban on farmland sales
   - History of Soviet and Nazi atrocities darkens public opinion

Tamara Tarasenko’s life began against the backdrop of the violent struggles
for land in Ukraine, known as “the breadbasket of Europe.” Now she’s 80,
and she’s afraid there’s another fight coming for its fertile black soil.

Born between the Josef Stalin-imposed famine that killed millions of people
in the 1930s and the invasion of Nazis who murdered millions more to
exploit the land for Germany, she spent most of her life on a kolgosp, a
collective farm created from land seized by the communists.

After Ukraine broke with the Soviet Union in 1991, she and her husband got
six hectares that helped keep them afloat during the country’s tumultuous
effort to transform itself into a market economy. And like all owners of
farmland in Ukraine, she wasn’t able to sell it.

Until now. President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, a former comic who swept to power
on a pledge to crack down on corruption and revive Ukraine’s sputtering
economy, is about to scrap a 2001 rule that banned sales to prevent people
from being strong-armed or swindled out of their property.

President Zelenskiy speaks during a remembrance ceremony for the victims of
famine in Kiev, on Nov. 23.

Photographer: Danil Shamkin/NurPhoto via Getty Images

His government says it can boost the economy by as much as 2% annually for
the next five years by attracting badly needed investment and know-how and
improve living standards. But most Ukrainians -- almost three quarters,
according to opinion polls -- think it’s a terrible idea.

“I’m very much against it,” said Tarasenko, who lives off of a pension of
less than $100 a month and fears she’ll be cheated out of her holdings in
the village of Blystavytsya, 25 miles northwest of Kyiv. “Who would take
care of me?”

In a country with a potential arable-land market of 40 million hectares, an
area almost the size of California, the concern is real. Endemic graft and
memories of the wheeler-dealing privatizations of the 1990s -- in which the
nation’s all-powerful oligarchs snatched control of large swathes of the
economy -- have left many landowners worried.

Zelenskiy’s opponents have also stoked concern that cash-flush foreigners
will eventually be able to snap up one of Ukraine’s most-valuable
resources, leaving many of the country’s 41 million people forced to work
for others on the soil they once owned. That has led to public protests and
at least one brawl in parliament
<https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2679867098747770&id=100001735194310&anchor_composer=false>
.

Tractors parked outside Parliament during a protest over the farmland
reform in Kiev.

Photographer: Pavlo Gonchar/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images

The plan poses what is potentially the biggest risk yet for Zelenskiy,
whose pledges to curb
<https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-03/ukraine-strips-lawmakers-of-immunity-to-quicken-anti-graft-drive>corruption
and end the Kremlin-backed war in eastern Ukraine boosted his
popularity to above
60%
<https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-17/putin-loses-legendary-approval-rating-crown-to-his-new-neighbor>
this fall. But his doubling down on lifting the ban has hit his popularity.

Spurred on by demands from western donors, including the International
Monetary Fund <https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/13347Z:US>, his government
is pushing to cancel the moratorium
<https://www.bloomberg.com/news/terminal/Q0WTJ7DWLU6J> from next October.
While his party has a large
<https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-21/anti-establishment-uprising-set-to-upend-ukraine-s-parliament>
majority, only 24O of parliament’s 450 lawmakers backed an initial reading
of a bill allowing the sale of farmland to Ukrainians, with limits on how
much one person or company can own.

They’ll discuss it again and may vote on a final version as early as this
week. The land-reform debates have already prompted demonstrations.
Protesters and police clashed on Tuesday near parliament, according to
Hromadske TV.

$15 billion Farming Industry Got Mired in Stalin’s Legacy"
target="_blank">How a $15 billion Farming Industry Got Mired in Stalin’s
Legacy
<https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-01-02/ukraine-s-ban-on-selling-farmland-is-choking-the-economy>

The idea is that opening the market can prompt a tectonic shift in banking
and agriculture and propel an industry that makes up
<https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-13/new-locomotive-powering-ukraine-as-economy-retools-after-war>
over 10% of Ukraine’s economic output. It’s also aimed at providing
collateral and easier access to loans for landowners, many of whom still
use livestock, hand tools and dilapidated tractors to work the fields.

“It’s a litmus test that shows Zelenskiy’s readiness for unpopular
decisions,” said Volodymyr Fesenko, the head of the Penta research
institute in Kyiv.

Olena Perevoznyk, a 44-year-old icon painter who inherited several small
plots from her grandmother, is looking forward to change. The ban stopped
her from selling the plots to repay a mortgage a decade ago, and she now
rents them out for about $70 a year. As the opening of the market looms,
she’s increasingly thinking about starting a goat farm.

“It’s my long-time dream,” said Perevoznyk, who lives in the town of
Brovary near Kyiv. “I’ll probably need to sell my separate plots and buy
one parcel.”

If the government doesn’t manage to create a market, its goal of boosting
the economy by 40% in the next five years would be hard to achieve, said
Oleg Nivievskyi, an assistant professor at the Kyiv School of Economy.
Foreigner Question

The biggest question is whether the reform will eventually allow sales to
foreigners. That may be a tough sell in a country once considered by the
Nazis as a target for “Lebensraum,” a place for Germans to take for their
own.

“The Nazi Lebensraum was, above all, Ukraine. Its fertile soil was to be
cleared of Soviet power and exploited for Germany,” Timothy Snyder, a
history professor at Yale University who has extensively studied eastern
Europe, wrote in the New Republic in 2014. “German planners expected that
some 30 million inhabitants of the Soviet Union would starve to death.”

The Soviets, whose imposition of collective farms and confiscation of food
caused a 1932-1933 famine that killed millions of Ukrainians -- the exact
number is unknown -- spent decades after World War II warning that the
“chornozem” black soil was at risk of being exploited by the West.

While the government bill approved in the first reading banned sales to
foreigners until 2024 -- with Russians permanently excluded -- Oleksiy
Mushak, an adviser to the prime minister, said Monday that parliament may
agree to prohibit sales to foreigners until Ukraine holds a referendum.
Zelenskiy is pushing for a vote to solve the question for good.

In other former communist countries that are now in the European Union,
concerns that foreigners would buy up land proved baseless. But that
doesn’t convince people like Fedir Bohdan, a 63-year-old landowner from the
village of Mykhaylivka.

“Investors from the Middle East and Asia have crazy amounts of money, and
farmland resources are limited there,” he said during a protest in Kyiv
against the law. “Will businessmen from countries like China hire locals?
No, they’ll hire their countrymen. And we will lose our work and money.”