permaculture

[Lawrence London <lfljvenaura@gmail.com>]

UNPO: Inner Mongolia: Mining of Rare Earth Elements Threatens Local
Environment
http://unpo.org/article/18120

April 13, 2015
Inner Mongolia: Mining of Rare Earth Elements Threatens Local Environment

*In the western part of Inner Mongolia, an artificial lake was created for
the rare earths mining industry. 95 percent of the world’s rare earth
elements are mined in Baiyun-Obo, at the expense of the environment and the
people living and farming in the region. *

*Below is an article published by the **Digital Journal*
<http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/environment/baotou-a-toxic-lake-created-because-of-a-thirst-for-technology/article/430511>
*:*



There is a man-made lake in the western part of Inner Mongolia that is
probably the most toxic, dangerous place in the world. Yet it is a
necessity because of the mining industry that created it.

Our lives today are dependent on some Earth elements very few people ever
think about. Rare earth elements (REE) are basically 17 rarely found
elements on Earth, and in the Periodic Table, they are sort of lumped
together at the end of the periodic Table with the atomic numbers 57
through 71.

They have strange sounding names, like lanthanum, cerium, neodymium,
praseodymium, samarium, terbium, to name just a few. But because of
society's dependence on these elements, we have blindly overlooked the
human suffering and environmental devastation being created in mining them.

Rare earth elements are vital to just about everything we hold dear, from
cell phones to computers, and automobiles to state-of-the-art energy
efficient refrigerators. There is one REE mine in the United States.
Constantine Karayannopoulos is chairman of Molycorp. The mine in Mountain
Pass, California has been in operation for 60 years.

Karayannopoulos says, "Next time your phone vibrates, think of us because
the vibration motor is a small motor that contains a tiny neodymium magnet
in it." He further expands on the uses of rare earths, citing their use in
cars in the form of catalytic converters, sensors and hybrid car batteries.

Rare earths are really not that rare. They can be found in most people's
backyards, inside ordinary-looking rocks, but the amount is truly tiny.
There are only a few places on Earth that have high enough concentration of
the elements to make them worth mining. There are mines in Canada, Brazil
and a few other countries, but China is the world's largest producer.

There are over 850 known deposits of rare earth elements globally. Many of
these materials possess special qualities, including magnetic, catalytic
and luminescent properties. Strangely, in trying to create a "green
technology," we have made these elements an essential part of the process.

But mining there elements is anything but clean. In Baiyun-Obo, a mining
town in the west of Inner Mongolia, China, 95 percent of the world's REEs
are mined, The mine is under the jurisdiction of Baotou City, about 75
miles to the south. The mine produces around 120,000 tons of rare earth
metals a year.

The city of Baotou
<http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/inner_mongolia/baotou/> is the
largest industrial site in Inner Mongolia, and to see the city, one would
never realize there is a flip-side to life just down the road. With a
population exceeding 2.65 million people, it is hard to imagine that in
1950, there were only 97,500 people. But the minerals, and the world's lust
for more and more of them has driven the influx of people to the region.

In 1958, the Baotou Iron and Steel Company started producing REEs, forming
the Balyun-Obo Mine. At that time, there was little or no pollution, and
cattle grazed in pastures next to fields of watermelons, aubergines, and
tomatoes. Today, the pastoral scenes have been replaced by abandoned
houses, fields gone to weeds and smoke-belching factories. You won't see
any farm animals anymore. They have all died.

The Baotou lake was started in 1958, a pond for the waste-water produced
from mining the rare earth minerals from the open-pit mine. For every ton
of REEs taken from the ground, there are 340,000 to 420,000 cubic feet of
waste gas containing dust concentrate, hydrofluoric acid, sulphur dioxide,
and sulphuric acid released. Additionally, approximately 2,600 cubic feet
of acidic waste-water and about a ton of radioactive waste residue are also
produced.

The waste-water has created a gigantic lake of poisonous sludge, reeking of
sulphur and deadly toxic chemicals. Tim Maughan went to see Lake Baotou on
assignment with the BBC. His report described the lake as an "alien
environment," and one that depressed and terrified him. The pictures he
brought back attest to this, and something even more important.

The pictures show us the seamier side of an industry that drives our
technological advances today. We are so quick to condemn petroleum
companies, power plants and anything else we can think of for contributing
to the pollution of our world, but we stop at condemning anything that
might affect our need for better smartphones, tablets, flat screen TVs and
hybrid automobiles. It does beg the question of where do we draw the line?



*Photo courtesy of The Guardian <http://www.theguardian.com/uk>.*

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   <http://unpo.org/article/13827>
   Feb 2, 2012 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Press Alliance a Blow to Transparency
   <http://unpo.org/article/13705>
   Jan 5, 2012 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Nonagenarian Reindeer Herder Preserves Ewenki Culture
   <http://unpo.org/article/13613>
   Dec 14, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - DROI Hearing on Human Rights in China <http://unpo.org/article/13614>
   Dec 14, 2011 | UNPO News
   - East Turkestan, Inner Mongolia And Tibet: Draft Legislation Harsher
   For Minorities <http://unpo.org/article/13601>
   Dec 13, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Activist Still In Jail Despite Serving Sentence
   <http://unpo.org/article/13603>
   Dec 13, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - UNPO And Members Lobby Dutch Government On Relationship With China
   <http://unpo.org/article/13494>
   Nov 18, 2011 | UNPO and Political Institutions
   - Inner Mongolia: Trial Reveals Lengthy Corruption
   <http://unpo.org/article/13418>
   Nov 1, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Internet Sites Shut After Human Rights Abuses Rise
   <http://unpo.org/article/13406>
   Oct 28, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Rising Protest After Truck Kills Herder in Inner
   Mongolia <http://unpo.org/article/13381>
   Oct 25, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Mongolian Rights Activist Is Believed To Have Been
   Severely Beaten By Authorities <http://unpo.org/article/13271>
   Sep 30, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Rights Activists’ Voices Grow in Tandem with Dissident Disappearances
   <http://unpo.org/article/13150>
   Sep 6, 2011 | Blackboard News
   - Inner Mongolia: Nomadic Peoples’ Lifestyle Threatened by Climate
   <http://unpo.org/article/13132>
   Sep 2, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Police Enact Cash-for-Release Policy
   <http://unpo.org/article/13084>
   Aug 25, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Protests After Promise to Former Students for Job
   Assistance Broken <http://unpo.org/article/12985>
   Aug 3, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Tensions Raise as Businesswoman Illegally Siezes
   Grazing Land <http://unpo.org/article/12953>
   Jul 27, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Rights Group Reports New Protest
   <http://unpo.org/article/12945>
   Jul 25, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Formation of the European Council of Mongolia-Uyghur-Tibet-China
   <http://unpo.org/article/12852>
   Jul 5, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Herders Protest Over Lead Mine.
   <http://unpo.org/article/12829>
   Jun 30, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Chinese Crack Down Under Martial Law Continues
   <http://unpo.org/article/12790>
   Jun 22, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Three Professors Arrested For SMS Messages
   <http://unpo.org/article/12754>
   Jun 10, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Beijing’s Campaign of Cyber-Harassment Continues
   <http://unpo.org/article/12739>
   Jun 8, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: ‘War-Like State’ <http://unpo.org/article/12730>
   Jun 7, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Southern Mongolia: A Jasmine Revolution but Different
   <http://unpo.org/article/12724>
   Jun 6, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Internet is Collateral Victim of Crackdown on Protests
   <http://unpo.org/article/12706>
   Jun 3, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Nomads Face New Clampdown
   <http://unpo.org/article/12692>
   May 31, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Thousands Of Students Take To The Streets To Demand
   Herders’ Rights <http://unpo.org/article/12679>
   May 26, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Herders Take To The Streets, Four Arrested
   <http://unpo.org/article/12665>
   May 24, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Dissident Writer Missing
   <http://unpo.org/article/12250>
   Feb 10, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Political Prisoner Still in Detention after 15 Years
   in Prison <http://unpo.org/article/12192>
   Jan 31, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: China's Great Disappearing Lake
   <http://unpo.org/article/12167>
   Jan 24, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Unknown Plight of Re-Arrested Activist
   <http://unpo.org/article/12122>
   Jan 11, 2011 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: China Releases Long-Serving Dissident From Jail
   <http://unpo.org/article/12044>
   Dec 14, 2010 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Activist Remains Imprisoned After Official Release Date
   <http://unpo.org/article/12034>
   Dec 13, 2010 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Finding of 30,000 Tonne Uranium Deposit
   <http://unpo.org/article/12013>
   Dec 6, 2010 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Buried in Worst Snow for 30 Years
   <http://unpo.org/article/11989>
   Nov 29, 2010 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Protecting shrinking population of an unique breed
   <http://unpo.org/article/11974>
   Nov 24, 2010 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Tree-planting to End Desertification
   <http://unpo.org/article/11585>
   Sep 1, 2010 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Heritage Management Research
   <http://unpo.org/article/11324>
   Jul 12, 2010 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: China To Speed Up Clearing Nomads From Grasslands
   <http://unpo.org/article/11315>
   Jul 9, 2010 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: China Stops Mongolian Activist Leaving Country
   <http://unpo.org/article/11046>
   Apr 28, 2010 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Senior Official Stresses Education
   <http://unpo.org/article/9955>
   Aug 20, 2009 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: CMA Sends Drought Working Group
   <http://unpo.org/article/9950>
   Aug 19, 2009 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Oil Found in Inner Mongolia
   <http://unpo.org/article/9904>
   Aug 10, 2009 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Desertification Costs 54 Billion Yuan
   <http://unpo.org/article/8945>
   Nov 27, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Forgotten Fight for Cultural Survival
   <http://unpo.org/article/8811>
   Oct 22, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Milk Scandal Affecting Vulnerable Farmers
   <http://unpo.org/article/8761>
   Oct 9, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: China targets Mongolians in quiet pre-Games crackdown
   <http://unpo.org/article/8384>
   Jul 8, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: China urged to free Mongolian dissident
   <http://unpo.org/article/8377>
   Jul 7, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Dissident Released from Chinese Custody
   <http://unpo.org/article/8338>
   Jun 25, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: UNPO Appeal for Jaranbayar Soyolt
   <http://unpo.org/article/8295>
   Jun 16, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Dissident Arrested in Beijing
   <http://unpo.org/article/8236>
   Jun 5, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Journalists Arrested <http://unpo.org/article/8113>
   May 8, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Fires Ravage Countryside <http://unpo.org/article/8040>
   Apr 18, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Environment at Risk due to Dramatic Draught
   <http://unpo.org/article/7978>
   Apr 5, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: A Disaster Of China’s Own Making
   <http://unpo.org/article/7709>
   Mar 8, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Financing for Green Energy
   <http://unpo.org/article/7617>
   Feb 20, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: The Encroaching Ocean of Sand
   <http://unpo.org/article/7495>
   Jan 22, 2008 | From the Fourth World
   - China: The True Voices of the People <http://unpo.org/article/7255>
   Oct 19, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Political Prisoner Reportedly Abused
   <http://unpo.org/article/7081>
   Aug 21, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: One of China’s Biggest Electricity Generators
   <http://unpo.org/article/7039>
   Aug 8, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Some Success in Education
   <http://unpo.org/article/7024>
   Aug 3, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Bitter Anniversary <http://unpo.org/article/6999>
   Jul 27, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: China Denies Mistreating Prisoner
   <http://unpo.org/article/6992>
   Jul 26, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Fighting Desert Turned Into Profits
   <http://unpo.org/article/6977>
   Jul 23, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Four Christian Leaders Detained
   <http://unpo.org/article/6973>
   Jul 20, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Tibet: China Must Stop Forced Evictions <http://unpo.org/article/6822>
   Jun 11, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Green Wall Growing <http://unpo.org/article/6804>
   Jun 6, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Support for Greening Project
   <http://unpo.org/article/6769>
   May 30, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - UNPO Address to the UNPFII <http://unpo.org/article/6730>
   May 17, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: The Green Great Wall <http://unpo.org/article/6684>
   May 11, 2007 | From the Fourth World
   - Inner Mongolia: Admitted to UNPO <http://unpo.org/article/6276>
   Feb 9, 2007 | From the Fourth World

Member Profile: Southern Mongolia » <http://unpo.org/article/7883>

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Upcoming Activities

   -
*MAY 30 *
   [image: UNPO Announces European Parliament Conference: The
   Guarani-Kaiowá and the Assault on Indigenous Rights in Brazil]
   <http://unpo.org/article/20097>
   -
*MAY 31 *
   [image: Cinema of the Unrepresented: Martirio, the Pacific and Obstinate
   Insurgence of the Guarani-Kaiowá] <http://unpo.org/article/20103>
   -
*JUN 06 *
   [image: UNPO Announces European Parliament Conference: “Post-ISIS
   Ninewa: The European Response”] <http://unpo.org/article/20084>

Recent Activities

   -
*MAY 20 *
   [image: March of Antislavery Activists of IRA]
   <http://unpo.org/article/20087>
   -
*MAY 19 *
   [image: UNPO Announces Academic Conference at the University of Oxford:
   China’s Frontier - Institutions, Infrastructure and Landscapes in
   Pakistan’s CPEC] <http://unpo.org/article/20092>
   -
*MAY 16 *
   [image: UNPO and Hudson Institute Co-Organise Conference on National
   Minorities and Federalism in Iran] <http://unpo.org/article/20062>