permaculture

[Rain Tenaqiya <raincascadia@yahoo.com>]

The effects of trees on climate vary according to the region and are 
controversial.  In general, trees are believed to create a sponge-like effect 
in the water cycle, helping the land to absorb and then slowly release 
moisture.  Planting trees is generally credited with raising groundwater 
levels and creating or restoring springs and streams, while cloud seeding and 
mist gathering are known to occur only in specific climates.    
 
On the other hand, in some areas, trees are also planted to lower groundwater 
tables by increasing evapotranspiration (western Australia and South Africa 
come to mind, both arid climates).  It appears that thirsty trees, usually 
not native to the area, can actually lower groundwater tables.  The overall 
effect on the hydrology is not known, however.  In riparian areas, the 
effects are even more complicated.  Trees undoubtedly shade streams, reducing 
water temperatures and evaporation.  By providing more surface area and 
organic matter to slow the arrival of water to the streams, trees allow water 
to remain in the system for a longer time.  But I have personally witnessed 
stream levels rise (near Big Sur, California, another arid climate) after 
deciduous riparian trees lost their leaves.
 
Another example of the contradictory effects of trees:  soil moisture is 
retained longer underneath trees, but once dry, the soil takes longer to get 
moist again as most of the rain evaporates off the leaves before hitting the 
ground.  Some trees are shaped to funnel water to their roots, but most seem 
to merely dissipate the rain.
 
So, as you can see, when talking about trees, you need to take into account 
the actual species and site in question, a basic permaculture design 
principle.  Only by observing and testing designs in specific locales over 
time can we come up with sustainable systems.
 
Rain



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Mao Tes-tung and Adolph Hitler reside in a mountainous villa in Brazil,
far, far away from the capital of Brasilia, Sao Paulo and Rio de
Janeiro.  It is in such a remote place that not even the Baboons, Hyenas
and Chimps know they are there. Both of them are plotting to conquer the
world into halves, respectively.

The "coolies" are coming. They seek our women, our jobs, our corporate
benefits, our houses, our money and much more.

Here are the stats:

11.9 million

The number of U.S. residents who reported as Asian alone or in
combination with one or more other races in Census 2000. This group made
up 4.2 percent of the total population.
http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2002/cb02cn59.html


A total of 2.7 million people reported they were Chinese alone or in
combination with one or more other races or Asian groups in Census 2000,
making Chinese the leading Asian group; Filipino (2.4 million) and Asian
Indian (1.9 million) followed. (The Chinese population does not include
Taiwanese.) http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2002/cb02cn59.html


874,400
The number of U.S. residents who reported as Native Hawaiian and Other
Pacific Islander alone or in combination with one or more other races in
Census 2000. This group made up 0.3 percent of the total population.
http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2001/cb01cn193.html

I may have to look into the fortune cookie industry and see who's worth
investing in. Also, maybe, the Chun King food line. There surely are
many more.