permaculture

[Rain Tenaqiya <raincascadia@yahoo.com>]

The idea that invasive species are only invasive in chronically disturbed 
ecosystems only applies to early-successional species.  It is quite possible 
that climax species from one area may find a permanent home in a foreign 
climax community.  There are many examples with plants that I've witnessed on 
the US West Coast with species such as English ivy, English holly, 
periwinkle, etc. which are totally shade and drought-tolerant and will be 
permanent members of the climax forests here.  It could be that the exotic 
earthworms have found a permanent home in US forests without the need for 
continual disturbances by people.
 
Rain

                
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