permaculture

[gardenbetty@earthlink.net]

This article reminds me of the story of Cargill Co. and Indian farmers... Many
years ago, Cargill offered farmers in India hybrid seeds and all the chemicals
they needed to grow the food free for three years. After three years, Cargill
announced that they would begin charging the farmers for the seed they needed.
Those farmers who were unable to afford the hybrid seed (most) lost their
farms because the open-pollinated seed they had saved three years previously
was no longer viable. Guess who bought up all that lost farm land?

dawn
> > Seed Terminator and Mega-Merger Threaten Food and Freedom
> >
> > Copyright © 1998, by Geri Guidetti
> >
> >
> > There have been times in human history when the line between genius and
> > insanity was so fine that it was barely perceptible.   In the world of
> > biotechnology and food, that line has just been obliterated.
> > Announcements made over the past 90 days suggest that  an ingenius
> > scientific achievement and subsequent, related business developments
> > threaten to terminate the natural, God-given right and ability of
> > people everywhere to freely grow food to feed themselves and others.
> > Never before has man created such an insidiously dangerous, far-reaching
> > and potentially "perfect" plan to control the livelihoods, food supply
> > and even survival of all humans on the planet. Overstatement?  Judge for
> > yourself.
> >
> > On March 3, 1998, the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the
> > Delta and Pine Land Company, a Mississippi  firm and the largest cotton
> > seed company in the world, announced that they had jointly developed and
> > received a patent (US patent number 5,723,765) on a new, agricultural
> > biotechnology.  Benignly titled, "Control of Plant Gene Expression", the
> > new patent will permit its owners and licensees to create sterile seed
> > by cleverly and selectively programming a plant’s  DNA to kill its own
> > embryos.  The patent applies to plants and seeds of all species. The
> > result?  If saved at harvest for future crops, the seed produced by
> > these plants will not grow.  Pea pods, tomatoes, peppers, heads of wheat
> > and ears of corn will essentially become seed morgues.   In one broad,
> > brazen stroke of his hand, man will have irretrievably broken  the plant
> > - to - seed - to - plant - to - seed - cycle,  THE cycle that supports
> > most life on the planet.   No seed, no food—unless—unless you buy more
> > seed.  This is obviously good for seed companies.  As it turns out, it
> > is also good for the US Department of Agriculture.
> >
> > In a recent interview with RAFI,  the Canada-based Rural Advancement
> > Foundation International,  US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
> > spokesman, Willard Phelps,  explained that the USDA wants this
> > technology to be "widely licensed and made expeditiously available to
> > many seed companies."  The goal, he said, is "to increase the value of
> > proprietary seed owned by US seed companies and to open up new markets
> > in Second and Third World countries." The USDA and Delta & Pine Land Co.
> >  have applied for patents on the terminator technology in at least 78
> > countries!
> > Once the technology is commercialized, the USDA will earn royalties of
> > about 5% of net sales.  "I think it will be profitable for USDA," Phelps
> > said.  (Royalties?  Profits?  For a Department of the US Federal
> > Government?  What’s wrong with this picture?)
> >
> > The Terminator Technology was created to prevent farmers from saving
> > non-hybrid, open-pollinated or genetically altered seed sold by seed
> > companies.  Open-pollinated varieties of crops like wheat and
> > rice—staples for most of the world’s population—are typical examples.
> > The stated logic for Terminator Technology is simple, really.  A seed
> > company invests money to develop and produce new varieties of seed.  It
> > hopes to sell a lot of that seed to recoup monies spent on crop research
> > and seed development, and then to realize a profit on their investment.
> >  Fair enough, it would seem, but there are BIG concerns around the world
> > about how much profit, how much control many of these multinational seed
> > companies actually seek.  Many of their  proprietary seeds are no more
> > than genetically altered versions of older, reliable, conventionally
> > bred strains that have been in the public domain for many, many years.
> >  Change a gene to give a seed resistance to some new strain of disease,
> > the logic goes,  and the seed no longer belongs to the people to grow
> > and save as they like, but to the seed company.  In the past several
> > years the world community has been outraged as some multinational seed
> > companies have brazenly tried to claim ownership of whole species of
> > food plants based on the logic that they had altered a gene in a member
> > of that species and, hence, now owned its whole genome!
> >
> > In a world of burgeoning population growth and, hence, demand for food,
> > giant, multi-national seed companies hope to sell a lot of  proprietary,
> > genetically engineered seed.  Food is a BIG business that will only get
> > bigger, and they want farmers around the world to need to come back to
> > them, year after year, to buy the seed and, in some cases, even the
> > chemicals, to grow it.  Plant patents, gene licensing agreements,
> > intellectual property laws, investigations and  lawsuits brought against
> > farm families for infringing on a seed company’s monopoly on seed
> > varieties are some of the means now used to protect their interests.
> >
> > The new Terminator Technology could render even these modern, legal
> > measures of control obsolete,  as it is potentially so powerful, so
> > effective and so flawless in its applicability that its corporate owners
> > and licensees will literally have complete biological control over the
> > food crops in which it is applied.   Seed companies have been working
> > hard to prevent farmers around the world from saving their own seed from
> > plants originally grown with seed purchased from these companies.  They
> > are also trying to find ways to encourage farmers around the world—in
> > the U.S., Europe and especially the huge market represented by farmers
> > in South America, Mexico and Asia, to switch to genetically engineered,
> > proprietary seed instead of relying on the eons-old practice of saving
> > their own locally produced and conventionally bred seed.   If they can
> > produce and offer  their "improved" seed cheaply enough to convince even
> > poorer, Second and Third World farmers to switch, they will have
> > captured much of the global market.  The Terminator will ensure that
> > this market—these  farmers and the communities and countries they
> > feed—will  be completely dependent on the company in order to continue
> > to eat.
> >
> > There is another potential dark side to the Terminator.  Molecular
> > biologists reviewing the technology are divided on whether or not there
> > is a risk of the Terminator function escaping the genome of the crops
> > into which it has been intentionally incorporated and moving into
> > surrounding open-pollinated crops or  wild, related plants in fields
> > nearby.  The means of this "infection"  would be via pollen from
> > Terminator-altered plants.  Given Nature’s  incredible adaptability, and
> > the fact that the technology has never been tested on a large scale, the
> > possibility that the Terminator may spread to surrounding food crops or
> > to the natural environment MUST be taken seriously.  The gradual spread
> > of sterility in seeding plants would result in a global catastrophe that
> > could eventually wipe out higher life forms, including humans, from the
> > planet.
> >
> > According to USDA researchers,  they have spent about $190,000 over four
> > years working on the joint project. (Yes, you and I supported this
> > research.) For its share, the  Delta & Pine Land Company has reportedly
> > devoted $275,000 of in-house expenses, plus an additional $255,000.
> > Combined, these dollars are a mere drop in the bucket compared to the
> > potential profitability of the technology to its owners. According to
> > USDA’s Willard Phelps, the Delta & Pine Land Co.  retains the option to
> > exclusively license the jointly-developed  technology.  In its March 3rd
> > press release, the company claimed that the new technology has "the
> > prospect of opening significant worldwide seed markets to the sale of
> > transgenic technology for crops in which seed currently is saved and
> > used in subsequent plantings."  In a recent communique, RAFI states:
> > "If the Terminator Technology is widely utilized, it will give the
> > multinational seed and agrochemical industry an unprecedented and
> > extremely dangerous capacity to control the world’s food supply."  That
> > fear may be realized much sooner than anyone could have imagined.
> >
> > At the time of the March 3 announcement of the US government-supported
> > technology, it was common knowledge that multinational seed and
> > pesticides giant, Monsanto, was a minor (8%) shareholder in the Delta &
> > Pine Land Co.  The two jointly have a cotton seed venture in China.  On
> > May 11th, a mere nine weeks after the announcement of the Terminator
> > Technology, Monsanto bought  the Delta & Pine Land Co.  and, with it,
> > the complete control of the Terminator Technology.  For an even bigger
> > picture of the implications of this acquisition, here’s a summary of
> > some published information on Monsanto’s current agricultural holdings
> > and activities:
> >
> > · The purchase of Delta & Pine now gives Monsanto an overwhelming 85%
> > share of the US cotton seed market and a dominant global position in
> > this crop.
> > · On May 11th, Monsanto also announced the take-over of Dekalb, the
> > second largest maize (corn) company in the US.
> > · In January of 1997, Monsanto acquired Holden’s Foundation Seeds.  A
> > company spokesman said at the time that its goal was to get its
> > bioengineered seed on at least half of the then 40 million acres that
> > Monsanto had access to via its acquisitions.
> >  It is estimated that 25-35% of US corn acreage is planted with Holden’s
> > products.
> >  The Holden and Dekalb acquisitions make Monsanto the dominant player in
> > the
> >                corn market.
> > · In November, Monsanto acquired Brazilian seed company, Sementes
> > Agroceres.  This acquisition gave Monsanto 30% of the Brazilian corn
> > seed business.  Brazilian
> >  farmers who have been breeding and saving their own seed for centuries
> > are
> >  considered primary targets for terminator and apomictic (below) corn
> > seed products.
> > · On January 20th, the USDA won another patent—no. 5,710,367—covering
> > "apomictic maize".  This corn trait speeds hybrid seed production by
> > allowing the plant to produce hybrid clones, lowering the price of
> > hybrid seed.  Third World farmers unable to afford more expensive hybrid
> > seed could potentially buy these less expensive clones.  Unlike other
> > hybrids, apomictic corn can be regrown but its genetic uniformity
> > (remember, clones)  would make it more likely to lose its disease
> > resistance more frequently,  forcing farmers to buy seed more often.
> > There are fears that Monsanto will obtain these license rights from the
> > USDA.  Monsanto’s recent corn company acquisitions and, now, near
> > monopoly in corn, make this a critical concern.
> > · A Washington connection, according to RAFI:  "In the past two years, a
> > number of high-ranking White House and USDA officials have left
> > Washngton for the allure of Monsanto’s headquarters in St. Louis,
> > Missouri."
> > · "In October 1997, Monsanto and Millenium Pharmaceuticals (another
> > US-based genomics company) announced a 5 year collaborative agreement
> > worth over US $118 million, including the creation of a new Monsanto
> > subsidiary with about 100 scientists to work exclusively with Millenium
> > to use genomic technologies.  The exclusive agreement is not limited to
> > a single crop or geographic location – it covers all crop plants in all
> > countries.  Monsanto considers the new subsidiary ‘an integral part of
> > its life sciences strategy’ and hopes to gain a competitive edge in the
> > search for patentable – and likely ‘Terminator-able’ crop genes."
> > · Monsanto has pioneered enforcement strategies for protection of its
> > plant patents.  Much of this pioneering has been centered on its
> > genetically altered soybeans which have the ability to withstand
> > spraying with the company’s leading herbicide, Roundup.  (Weeds and
> > other native plants die, beans live.)   In 1996 the company set a new
> > precedent requiring farmers buying its genetically engineered  "Roundup
> > Ready Soybeans"  to sign and adhere to the terms of its "1996 Roundup
> > Ready Gene Agreement."  Terms:  The farmer must pay a $5 per bag
> > "technology fee";  the farmer must give Monsanto the right to inspect,
> > monitor and test his/her fields for up to 3 years;  the farmer must use
> > only Monsanto’s brand of the glyphosate herbicide it calls Roundup;
> > the farmer must give up his/her right to save and replant the patented
> > seed;  the farmer must agree not to sell or otherwise supply the seed to
> > "any other person or entity."  The farmer  must also agree, in writing,
> > to pay Monsanto "...100 times the then applicable fee for the Roundup
> > Ready gene, times the number of units of transferred seed, plus
> > reasonable attorney’s fees and expenses..." should he violate any
> > portion of the agreement. The farmers’ outcry against the stringent
> > inspection and monitoring of their private property caused Monsanto to
> > modify that part of the agreement in 1997.
> > · The company has used a similar licensing agreement for its genetically
> > engineered cotton and, according to a spokeswoman,  plans to introduce
> > licensing agreements with all genetically engineered seeds Monsanto
> > brings to market.  These will include Roundup Ready canola (canola oil),
> > corn, sugarbeets, etc.  (Keep in mind that now Monsanto has Terminator
> > Technology to license, as well.  It is applicable to all food crops
> > according to its primary inventor.)
> >
> > Four days ago, the scope of the potential impact of the Terminator
> > Technology on global agriculture broadened explosively with the
> > announcement that American Home Products Corporation (AHP) had agreed to
> > buy Monsanto Co.  for $33.9 billion in stock.   "AHP," according to its
> > press release,  "is one of the world’s largest research-based
> > pharmaceutical and health care products companies....It is also a global
> > leader in vaccines, biotechnology, agricultural products and animal
> > health care."  Reuters reports that the acquisition will create "a
> > powerful pharmaceutical company with a massive presence in the growing
> > market for genetically engieered agricultural products."
> >
> > Actually, AHP is a family of companies including American Cyanamid,
> > Cyamid Agricultural Products Group, Wyeth Ayerst, and others.  It is the
> > third largest in the US in herbicides, insecticides and fungicides but,
> > with its acquisition of Monsanto,  it is now estimated that the combined
> > companies will become the largest agrochemical/life industries company
> > in the world, beating Swiss global giant, Novartis.  It does not take a
> > giant mental leap to see the massive potential for the application and
> > marketing of Monsanto’s Roundup Ready seed and licensing agreements and
> > the Terminator Technology  to an increasing number of companies and food
> > crops.   If the Terminator technology is not globally banned,  its
> > eventual incorporation into all  genetically engineered and
> > open-pollinated, non-hybrid food crops is predictable.
> >
> > As most of you are aware, I have often fretted in these pages about the
> > vulnerabilities of our increasingly centralized, computer-based,
> > bottom-line driven,  large corporation-dominated  food production,
> > processing and distribution system.  Extreme weather patterns, toxic
> > waste-contaminated fertilizers, epidemic bacterial contamination of food
> > and the  year-2000 crash of computers responsible for keeping the whole,
> > complex system running have been big concerns.   I have warned you of
> > the planned disappearance of non-hybrid, open-pollinated seeds—seeds
> > that let you retain the means of growing your own food if you want or
> > need to—seeds that ensure protective biodiversity—seeds that may provide
> > personal food security in insecure times.  Now the Terminator threatens
> > even these.
> >
> > Make no mistake about it—widespread global adoption of the  newly
> > patented Terminator Technology will ensure absolute dependence of
> > farmers, and the people they feed, on multinational corporations for
> > their seed and food.   Dependence does not foster freedom.  On the
> > contrary, dependence fosters a loss of freedom.  Dependence does not
> > increase personal power, it diminishes it.  When you are dependent, you
> > relinquish control.  History is full of examples of peoples and cultures
> > who lost fundamental freedoms—who  were controlled—by  their need for
> > food.  This shouldn’t happen to Second and Third World farmers.  It
> > shouldn’t happen in any of the 78 countries in which the patent has been
> > applied for.  It shouldn’t happen here.
> >
> > The Terminator Technology is brilliant science and arguably "good
> > business", but it  has crossed the line—the tenuous line between genius
> > and insanity.  It is a dangerous, bad idea that should be banned.
> > Period..........Geri Guidetti, The Ark Institute
> > **********************************************************************
> > Visit The Ark Institute’s web site @ http://www.arkinstitute.com for
> > archived  Food and Grain Supply Updates.  To be placed on Geri
> > Guidetti’s free Food Supply Update email list, send an email with "list"
> > in the subject box to:   arkinst@concentric.net
> > To receive a free email catalog, write "catalog" in the subject box.
> > Mailing address:  The Ark Institute, PO Box 142, Oxford, Ohio  45064
> 
> --
> David
> buchner@wcta.net
> http://www.wcta.net/buchner
> Osage, MN, USA