North American Fruit Explorers mailing list at ibiblio

["Lon J. Rombough" <lonrom@hevanet.com>]

Ironically, if you remove ALL the virus, it can also cause problems.  When
M9 rootstock was completely cleaned up, it was more vigorous than the
original type and was more like a semi-dwarf stock than a dwarf stock. 
Also, in many cases, fruits are more productive if they have some virus -
get them all cleaned up and they grow like mad but don't fruit as much. 
Apparently some virus stresses the plant just enough to stimulate it to
bearing.
In Canada, they discount viruses if there is no measurable effect from them 
"Fleck" virus in grapevines is one that, at most, causes tiny stippling on
leaves, but doesn't otherwise affect the vine in most cases (I qualify that
in case there is some hypersensitive type I don't know about)  Here, a
variety you are importing has to be free of ALL viruses.  Considering what
it takes to import a grape variety into this country, it surely smacks of
politics rather than biological need, to have a variety cleaned up of
viruses.  The LEAST a private individual can expect to pay is over $2,000
per variety for the required testing, and if it "fails" at any point in the 
five to ten year time it takes, you're out of luck and money.   What really
irks is that the process is required even with material from countries that
have better virus control than we do.  Talk about encouraging smuggling!
-Lon Rombough
Grapes, unusual fruits, writing, consulting, more, at
http://www.hevanet.com/lonrom  See new additions to the site, Feb. 2001,
plus word on my grape book.

----------
>From: jhecksel@voyager.net
>To: nafex@yahoogroups.com
>Subject: Re: [nafex] Sterilizing scions
>Date: Sun, Feb 25, 2001, 10:37 AM
>

>Hello all:
>
>There are a couple of obvious questions that were left dangling.  Today
>is my day to play the straight man.
>
>1.) Why are virus a problem if there are no visible symptoms?
>
>2.) What is the big deal of importing virus that are already here? 
>Didn't most of our plant material come from Europe?  (Implicit question,
>do plant virus mutate....could we be importing a possibly more virulent
>strain)
>
>Yorrba wrote:
>> 
>> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
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>> Yes, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) is still a major way to 
>detect viruses in plant tissue.  PCR
>> is becoming more common, but ELISA based on polyclonal antiserum will 
>generally pick up more variants of
>> the same virus, whereas PCR may miss specific variants.  Either test can 
>be done in a day, but ELISAs are
>> often done in two days for convenience and increased sensitivity.
>> 
>> Yorrba
>> 
>> On Sat, 24 Feb 2001 18:20:49 -0800, Lon J. Rombough wrote:
>> 
>> >Use of indicator plants is the older method.  More commonly, serum tests 
>> >are
>> >used now that give results in a few days in most cases.  Joseph Postman -
>> >can you give us more info?  Is the ELIZA test still the main one?
>> >----------
>> >>From: jhecksel@voyager.net
>> >>To: nafex@yahoogroups.com
>> >>Subject: Re: [nafex] Sterilizing scions
>> >>Date: Sat, Feb 24, 2001, 9:14 PM
>> >>
>> >
>> >>This thread is similar to one we had on Prunus seeds.  If I remember
>> >>write, the major concern is virus (virii?).  Chlorine bleach will do a
>> >>fine job sterilizing the exterior of the scion, but virus is in the
>> >>cells.
>> >>
>> >>Cultivars are cleaned up by budding onto a very vigorous rootstock and
>> >>then providing optimum growth conditions...maybe just a bit on the warm
>> >>side.  The warmth slows down the virus infection and the growing tip of
>> >>the plant out runs the virus...if only by a little bit.
>> >>
>> >>The very end of the whip is harvested while it is still growing at a
>> >>gang-buster rate.  It is grafted onto a virus free rootstock and housed
>> >>in a chamber.  Buds are removed from the plant that is now *hopefully*
>> >>virus free and are placed on indicator plants.  Indicator plants are
>> >>cultivars that produce visible symptoms when infected with virus
>> >>diseases.  This is a key point:  With most cultivars/species, you cannot
>> >>tell if a plant has virus.  These plants without visible symptoms are
>> >>called "latent".  Moving buds to indicator plants is done several times
>> >>jsut to be sure.  If all the indicator plants are symptom free after a
>> >>waiting period, the plant is considered free of latent virus.
>> >>
>> >>This process is a little more involved than most home fruit growers are
>> >>willing to go through.  You need several insect proof enclosures as well
>> >>as vigorous rootstocks and indicator plants.  But I believe that USDA is
>> >>willing to licence you for importation if you can demonstrate you can
>> >>and will follow the correct protocols.
>> >>
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
>> >
>> >
>> >
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>> 
>> 
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>
>-- 
>
>                                               -Joe Hecksel
>                                                Eaton Rapids, Michigan
>
>
>Personal webpage open to the public at
>http://my.voyager.net/jhecksel
>Criticism welcomed.
>
>
> 
>
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>
>
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