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  • From: Bunjov AT aol.com
  • To: homestead AT lists.ibiblio.org
  • Subject: [Homestead] Juglone
  • Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2008 20:31:52 EDT


Hi, Gene - and all.
I went looking. Without going any farther, I found this (below). Aside from
the dog thing (I remember Dax and Benny, but can't remember which one you
still have), there is the earthworm issue. Who'd a thunk?
BLACK WALNUT
Juglans nigra
(walnut family)
TOXICITY RATING: Moderately toxic, depending upon length of exposure.
ANIMALS AFFECTED: Horses, dogs, possibly other animals.
DANGEROUS PARTS OF PLANT: ALL PARTS (ESPECIALLY LEAVES)
PLANT DESCRIPTION: These familiar trees are recent additions to the list of
poisonous plants. Little information is yet available about their toxicity.
Black walnuts are large (60-80 foot) forest trees often planted as
ornamentals. The bark has characteristic broad, round ridges. The leaves are
alternate,
pinnately compound, 1 to 2 feet long, with 13 to 23 sharply toothed,
tapered-pointed leaflets. Often there is no terminal leaflet. The fruit is a
very
rough nut enclosed within a clammy glandular husk, 2 to 4 inches in
diameter.
SYMPTOMS: Horses are most often affected. When horses are bedded on wood
shavings containing more than about 20% of black walnut shavings (which tend
to
be dark in color), clinical signs of laminitis (inflammation of the laminae
in the hoof) can occur within 12 to 18 hours of contact, but 24 hours may
elapse before signs manifest. Consumption of the shavings may cause signs of
laminitis as well as mild colic. Affected horses become unwilling to move or
have
their feet picked up, are depressed, may exhibit limb edema and signs of
laminitis. Difficulty in breathing (increased rate and depth) may be noted.
Horses on pasture may show mild respiratory signs from pollen or fallen
leaves.
Poisoning in dogs is reported occasionally when the seed hulls are consumed,
causing stomach upset and diarrhea (gastroenteritis).
The toxin causing equine laminitis has not been clearly identified. It was
once thought to be juglone, but this is not believed to be the toxin.
Juglone
is produced by the tree, which limits the growth of other plants in the
vicinity. Walnuts are also lethal to earthworms.
FIRST AID: Remove black walnut shavings immediately; cooling the hooves and
legs with a hose can help. Call a veterinarian if signs are severe or if
shavings were consumed. Prompt removal of shavings typically results in
complete
recovery. Respiratory signs in horses usually do not require treatment
unless
severe or long lasting. Stomach upset in dogs will resolve when hulls are no
longer eaten
PREVENTION: Do not use shavings containing black walnut, limit access of
horses to pastures with walnut trees. Purchase bedding shavings only from
reputable dealers. Do not let dogs eat walnut hulls.




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