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        *The Ultimate Weapon of Mass Destruction - Weather *
*Friday, 1 October 2004, 1:25 pm*
*Opinion: Michel Chossudovsky*

   www.globalresearch.ca <http://www.globalresearch.ca>
   Centre for Research on Globalisation
   Centre de recherche sur la mondialisation

   / GLOBAL RESEARCH (CANADA)
   FEATURE ARTICLE/


         The Ultimate Weapon of Mass Destruction:
         "Owning the Weather" for Military Use

   by Michel Chossudovsky
   <http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0410/S00008.htm#a>
   www.globalresearch.ca <http://www.globalresearch.ca>
   30 September 2003

   The URL of the complete article including tables and diagrams is:
   http://globalresearch.ca/articles/CHO409F.html

   "Environmental warfare is defined as the intentional modification or
   manipulation of the natural ecology, such as climate and weather,
   earth systems such as the ionosphere, magnetosphere, tectonic plate
   system, and/or the triggering of seismic events (earthquakes) to
   cause intentional physical, economic, and psycho-social, and
   physical destruction to an intended target geophysical or population
   location, as part of strategic or tactical war." -(Eco News)

   What are the underlying causes of extreme weather instability, which
   has ravaged every major region of the World in the course of the
   last few years?

   Hurricanes and tropical storms have ravaged the Caribbean. Central
   Asia and the Middle East are afflicted by drought. West Africa is
   facing the biggest swarm of locusts in more than a decade. Four
   destructive hurricanes and a tropical rain storm Alex, Ivan,
   Frances, Charley and Jeanne have occurred in a sequence, within a
   short period of time. Unprecedented in hurricane history in the
   Caribbean, the island of Grenada was completely devastated: 37
   people died and roughly two-thirds of the island's 100,000
   inhabitants have been left homeless; in Haiti, more than two
   thousand people have died and tens of thousands are homeless. The
   Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Cuba, the Bahamas and Florida have also
   been devastated. In the US, the damage in several Southern states
   including Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi and the Carolinas
   is the highest in US history.

   A study released in July 2003, by the World Meteorological
   Organization (WMO) places the blame, without further examination, at
   the feet of global warming:

   "These record extreme events [high temperatures, low temperatures
   and high rainfall amounts and droughts] all go into calculating the
   monthly and annual averages which, for temperatures, have been
   gradually increasing over the past 100 years," the WMO said in its
   statement (CNN, July 3, 2003,
   http://www.cnn.com/2003/WEATHER/07/03/wmo.extremes/ )

   While global warming is undoubtedly an important factor, it does not
   fully account for these extreme and unusual weather patterns.

   * Weather Warfare*

   The significant expansion in America's weather warfare arsenal,
   which is a priority of the Department of Defense is not a matter for
   debate or discussion. While, environmentalists blame the Bush
   administration for not having signed the Kyoto protocol, the issue
   of "weather warfare", namely the manipulation of weather patterns
   for military use is never mentioned.

   The US Air Force has the capability of manipulating climate either
   for testing purposes or for outright military-intelligence use.
   These capabilities extend to the triggering of floods, hurricanes,
   droughts and earthquakes. In recent years, large amounts of money
   have been allocated by the US Department of Defense to further
   developing and perfecting these capabilities.

   Weather modification will become a part of domestic and
   international security and could be done unilaterally... It could
   have offensive and defensive applications and even be used for
   deterrence purposes. The ability to generate precipitation, fog, and
   storms on earth or to modify space weather, ... and the production
   of artificial weather all are a part of an integrated set of
   technologies which can provide substantial increase in US, or
   degraded capability in an adversary, to achieve global awareness,
   reach, and power. (US Air Force, emphasis added. Air University of
   the US Air Force, AF 2025 Final Report,
   http://www.au.af.mil/au/2025/ emphasis added)

   While there is no firm evidence that the US Air Force weather
   warfare facilities have been deliberately applied to modify weather
   patterns, one would expect that if these capabilities are being
   developed for military use, they would at least be the object of
   routine testing, much in the same way as the testing of new
   conventional and strategic weapons systems.

   Needless to say, the subject matter is a scientific taboo. The
   possibility of climatic or environmental manipulations as part of a
   military and intelligence agenda, while tacitly acknowledged, is
   never considered as relevant. Military analysts are mute on the
   subject. Meteorologists are not investigating the matter, and
   environmentalists are strung on global warming and the Kyoto protocol.

   Ironically, the Pentagon, while recognizing its ability to modify
   the World's climate for military use, has joined the global warming
   consensus. In a major study (pdf) , the Pentagon has analyzed in
   detail the implications of various global warming scenarios.

   The Pentagon document constitutes a convenient cover-up. Not a word
   is mentioned about its main weather warfare program: The
   High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) based in
   Gokona, Alaska --jointly managed by the US Air Force and the US Navy.

   Alex, Ivan, Frances, Charley and Jeanne (August-September 2004):
   Four destructive hurricanes and a tropical rain storm occur in a
   sequence, within a short period of time. Unprecedented in hurricane
   history in the Caribbean, the island of Grenada is completely
   devastated: 37 people died and roughly two-thirds of the island's
   100,000 inhabitants have been left homeless, in Haiti, more than two
   thousand people have died and tens of thousands have been made
   homeless. The Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Cuba and the Bahamas have
   also been devastated.

   There are several mainstream explanations on weather and climate
   change, none of which fully explains, within their respective terms
   of reference, the highly unusual and erratic weather occurrences,
   not to mention the human toll and devastation, which have led to the
   destabilization of entire agricultural and eco-systems. Needless to
   say these explanations never address the issue of climate
   manipulation for military use.

   * Climatic Manipulation by the US Military: The HAARP Program*

   The High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) based in
   Gokona, Alaska, has been in existence since 1992. It is part of a
   new generation of sophisticated weaponry under the US Strategic
   Defense Initiative (SDI). Operated by the Air Force Research
   Laboratory's Space Vehicles Directorate, HAARP constitutes a system
   of powerful antennas capable of creating "controlled local
   modifications of the ionosphere" [upper layer of the atmosphere]:

   "[HAARP will be used] to induce a small, localized change in
   ionospheric temperature so that resulting physical reactions can be
   studied by other instruments located either at or close to the HAARP
   site". (HAARP website)

   Nicholas Begich --actively involved in the public campaign against
   HAARP-- describes HAARP as:

   "A super-powerful radiowave-beaming technology that lifts areas of
   the ionosphere by focusing a beam and heating those areas.
   Electromagnetic waves then bounce back onto earth and penetrate
   everything -- living and dead." (for further details see Michel
   Chossudovsky, http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/CHO201A.html )

   World renowned scientist Dr. Rosalie Bertell depicts HAARP as "a
   gigantic heater that can cause major disruptions in the ionosphere,
   creating not just holes, but long incisions in the protective layer
   that keeps deadly radiation from bombarding the planet." (quoted in
   Chossudovsky, op cit.)

   According to Richard Williams, a physicist and consultant to the
   David Sarnoff laboratory in Princeton

   HAARP constitutes "an irresponsible act of global vandalism." He and
   others fear a secret second stage where HAARP would "beam much more
   energy into the ionosphere. That could produce a severe disruption
   of the upper atmosphere at one location that may produce effects
   that spread rapidly around the Earth for years." (Quoted in Scott
   Gilbert, Environmental Warfare and US Foreign Policy: The Ultimate
   Weapon of Mass Destruction,
   http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/GIL401A.html )

   HAARP has been presented to public opinion as a program of
   scientific and academic research. US military documents seem to
   suggest, however, that HAARP's main objective is to "exploit the
   ionosphere for Department of Defense purposes." (quoted in
   Chossudovsky, op cit).

   Without explicitly referring to the HAARP program, a US Air Force
   study points to the use of "induced ionospheric modifications" as a
   means of altering weather patterns as well as disrupting enemy
   communications and radar. (Ibid)

   HAARP also has the ability of triggering blackouts and disrupting
   the electricity power system of entire regions.

   An analysis of statements emanating from the US Air Force points to
   the unthinkable: the covert manipulation of weather patterns,
   communications systems and electric power as a weapon of global
   warfare, enabling the US to disrupt and dominate entire regions of
   the World.

   * Weather Warfare: A Corporate Bonanza*

   HAARP has been operational since the early 1990s. Its system of
   antennas at Gakona, Alaska, was initially based on a technology
   patented by Advanced Power Technologies Inc. (APTI), a subsidiary of
   Atlantic Ritchfield Corporation (ARCO). The first phase of the HAARP
   Ionospheric Research Instrument (IRI) was completed by APTI. The IRI
   system of antennas was first installed in 1992 by a subsidiary of
   British Aerospace Systems (BAES) using the APTI patent. The antennas
   beam into the outer-atmosphere using a set of wireless high
   frequency transmitters.

   In 1994, ARCO sold its APTI subsidiary, including the patents and
   the second phase construction contract to E-Systems, a secretive
   high tech military outfit with links to the CIA (
   http://www.crystalinks.com/haarp.html ).

   E-Systems specializes in the production of electronic warfare
   equipment, navigation and reconnaissance machinery, including
   "highly sophisticated spying devices":

   "[E-Systems] is one of the biggest intelligence contractors in the
   world, doing work for the CIA, defense intelligence organizations,
   and others. US$1.8 billion of their annual sales are to these
   organizations, with $800 million for black projects-projects so
   secret that even the United States Congress isn't told how the money
   is being spent.( http://www.earthpulse.com/haarp/vandalism.html )

   "The company has outfitted such military projects as the Doomsday
   Plan (the system that allows the President to manage a nuclear war)
   and Operation Desert Storm." (Princeton Review,
   
http://www.princetonreview.com/cte/profiles/internshipGenInfo.asp?internshipID=998
   )

   With the purchase of APTI, E-Systems acquired the strategic weather
   warfare technology and patent rights, including Bernard J.
   Eastlund's US Patent No: 4,686,605 entitled "Method and Apparatus
   for Altering a Region in the Earth's Atmosphere, Ionosphere and/or
   Magnetosphere".

   It is worth mentioning that the Eastlund /APTI patents were based on
   the research of Yugoslav scientist Nicola Tesla (many of whose ideas
   were stolen by US corporations). (See Scott Gilbert, Environmental
   Warfare and US Foreign Policy: The Ultimate Weapon of Mass
   Destruction, http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/GIL401A.html )

   Eastlund described this deadly technology as capable of:

   "causing…total disruption of communications over a very large
   portion of the Earth…missile or aircraft destruction, deflection or
   confusion… weather modification…" (
   http://www.wealth4freedom.com/truth/12/HAARP.htm ),

   Not surprisingly, the patent had previously been sealed under a
   government secrecy order.

   Barely a year following the E-Systems purchase of APTI's weather
   warfare technology, E-Systems was bought out by Raytheon, the fourth
   largest US military contractor. Through this money-spinning
   acquisition, Raytheon became the largest "defense electronics" firm
   in the World.

   Meanwhile, ARCO which had sold APTI to E-Systems, had itself been
   acquired by the BP-AMOCO oil consortium, thereby integrating the
   largest oil company in the World (BP).

   Raytheon through its E-Systems subsidiary now owns the patents used
   to develop the HAARP weather warfare facility at Gakona Alaska.
   Raytheon is also involved in other areas of weather research for
   military use, including the activities of its subsidiary in
   Antarctica, Raytheon Polar Services.

   *"Owning the Weather": Towards the Expanded Final Stage*

   The HAARP antenna array and transmitters were slated to be built in
   several distinct phases http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/phases.html

   Developmental Prototype (DP) (See
   http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/dp.html )
   Filled DP (FDP),
   Limited IRI (LIRI)
   Full size or final IRI (FIRI). (See
   http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/fdp.html)

   During the Clinton administration, the "Filled Developmental
   Prototype" (FDP), namely a system composed of an array of 48 active
   antenna elements with connected wireless transmitters, was installed
   and completed at the HAARP facility in 1994. (See Figure 1 below)
   Under the initial Developmental Prototype (DP), only 18 of the 48
   transmitters were connected.

   Bernard Eastlund in a 1997 interview described this antenna array in
   its Filled DP stage as the "the largest ionospheric heater ever built".

   In other words, this system of 48 antennas, while fully operational,
   was not according to Eastlund, powerful enough (in 1997) "to bring
   the ideas in his patents to fruition":

   . "But they're getting up there", he said. "This is a very powerful
   device. Especially if they go to the expanded stage." (quoted in
   Scott Gilbert, op cit, see also
   http://www.emagazine.com/january-february_1997/0197currhaarp.html )

   This 'final expanded stage' envisioned by Eastlund, which will
   provide maximum capability to manipulate the World's weather
   patterns, has now been reached.

   Under the Bush administration, the main partner of Raytheon (which
   owns the patents) in the construction and development stage of the
   HAARP antenna array, is British Aerospace Systems (BAES), which had
   been involved in the initial installation of the antenna array in
   the early 1990s.

   The multimillion dollar contract was granted by The Office of Naval
   Research to BAES in 2003, through its US subsidiary BAE Systems
   Advanced Technologies Inc. The contract was signed barely two months
   before the Anglo-American invasion of Iraq.

   Using Raytheon's technology, BAES was to develop the HAARP
   Ionospheric Research Instrument (IRI) to its maximum capabilities of
   "Full size or final IRI (FIRI)".

   In April 2003, BAE Systems Advanced Technologies outsourced the
   production and installation of the antennas to Phazar Corp (
   http://www.phazar.com/ ), a company specializing in advanced
   wireless antennas for military use. (Phazar owns Antenna Products
   Corporation of Mineral Wells, Texas http://www.antennaproducts.com/
   ). Phazar was entrusted with producing and installing 132 crossed
   dipole antennas items for the HAARP facility. (
   http://www.antennaproducts.com/News%20Release%2004-18-03.pdf )

   A year later, in April 2004, the final phase in the expansion of the
   HAARP facility was launched. (Dept of Defense, 19 April 2004). This
   phase consisted in equipping all the 180 antennas with high
   frequency transmitters. BAE Systems was awarded another lucrative
   contract, this time for $35 million.

   In July 2004, Phazar had delivered and installed the 132 crossed
   dipole antennas including the antenna support structures and ground
   screen items at the HAARP facility, bringing the number of antennas
   from 48 under the FDP stage to 180. (see Table 2).

   Meanwhile, BAE Systems had contracted with Jersey based defense
   electronics firm DRS Technologies, Inc in an $11.5 million
   outsourcing arrangement, the production and installation of the
   high-frequency (HF) radio transmitters for the HAARP antenna array.
   (See
   http://www.drs.com/press/archivelist.cfm?PRESS_RELEASE_ID=1529&preview=1
   <http://www.drs.com/press/archivelist.cfm?PRESS_RELEASE_ID=1529&preview=1>
   and Business Wire, 15 June 2004). DRS specializes in a variety of
   leading edge products for the U.S. military and intelligence
   agencies. ( http://www.drs.com/corporateinfo/index.cfm ).

   Under its contract with BAE Systems Information and Electronic
   Warfare Systems in Washington, D.C., DRS is to manufacture and
   install "more than 60 Model D616G 10-Kilowatt Dual Transmitters" to
   be used with the HAARP system of antennas. (It is unclear from the
   company statements whether all the 180 antennas will be equipped
   with a transmitter, bringing the system up to full IRI capabilities).

   Deliveries and installation are to be completed by July 2006. While
   HAARP is described as a "research project", the production of the
   transmitters was entrusted to DRS' C41 "Command, Control,
   Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) Group"

   * Testing of HAARP Equipment (2003- 2004)*

   It is worth noting that the expansion of the antenna array (e.g.
   during 2003-2004) required, as part of the contracts reached with
   BAE Systems and its various subcontractors, the routine testing of
   the installed weather warfare equipment. An intermediate stage
   Limited IRI (LIRI), could be in operation by 2004, following the
   completion of the 180 antenna array under the Phazar contract and
   pending the final delivery of the remaining HF radio transmitters.

   In this regard, a report published by the Russian parliament (Duma)
   in 2002, suggests that the US Military had plans to test its weather
   modification techniques at its Alaska facility, as well as at two
   other sites:

   "The committees reported that the USA is planning to test three
   facilities of this kind. One of them is located on the military
   testing ground in Alaska and its full-scale tests are to begin in
   early 2003. The second one is in Greenland and the third one in Norway.

   "When these facilities are launched into space from Norway, Alaska
   and Greenland, a closed contour will be created with a truly
   fantastic integral potential for influencing the near-Earth medium,"
   the State Duma said.

   The USA plans to carry out large-scale scientific experiments under
   the HAARP program, and not controlled by the global community, will
   create weapons capable of breaking radio communication lines and
   equipment installed on spaceships and rockets, provoke serious
   accidents in electricity networks and in oil and gas pipelines and
   have a negative impact on the mental health of people populating
   entire regions, the deputies said. (Interfax News Agency, original
   Russian, BBC Monitoring, 8 August 2002, emphasis added)

   Whether this report by the Russian Duma on testing "starting in
   early 2003" is correct or not, the US administration must be
   confronted nationally and internationally, at the political and
   diplomatic levels, at the UN and the US Congress, by the
   international scientific community, by environmentalists and the
   antiwar movement. The future of humanity is threatened by the use of
   weather modification techniques.

   Moreover, to wage an effective campaign, it is essential that
   corroborating scientific investigation of the unusual weather
   occurrences observed in recent years (and particularly since early
   2003) be undertaken. This investigation should be far-reaching,
   collecting relevant data, correlating specific weather occurrences
   to recorded antenna activity at the Alaska site as well as at the
   two other sites, etc.

   The Full Size Ionospheric Research Instrument FIRI stage, described
   as "a maximum size of 180 antenna elements, arranged in 15 columns
   by 12 rows" is scheduled to be completed by mid-2006 (assuming the
   installation of the remaining dual transmitters), at which time the
   HAARP program will have reached its maximum FIRI capacity, meaning
   the ability to selectively modify, for military use, weather
   patterns anywhere in the World.

   "The IRI is currently [June 2004] composed of 48 antenna elements
   and has a power capacity of 960,000 watts. When installed, the
   additional 132 transmitters will give HAARP a 3.6 mega-watt capacity
   [see Table 2 below]. The HAARP build-out is jointly funded by the
   U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Navy and the Defense Advanced Research
   Projects Agency (DARPA). (Business Wire, 10 June 2004)

   This advanced stage of full capacity (FIRI) corresponds to what the
   US Air Force has called "Owning the Weather":

   US aerospace forces [will] 'own the weather' by capitalizing on
   emerging technologies and focusing development of those technologies
   to war-fighting applications... From enhancing friendly operations
   or disrupting those of the enemy via small-scale tailoring of
   natural weather patterns to complete dominance of global
   communications and counterspace control, weather-modification offers
   the war fighter a wide-range of possible options to defeat or coerce
   an adversary... In the United States, weather-modification will
   likely become a part of national security policy with both domestic
   and international applications. Our government will pursue such a
   policy, depending on its interests, at various levels.(US Air Force,
   emphasis added. Air University of the US Air Force, AF 2025 Final
   Report, http://www.au.af.mil/au/2025/ )

   * Weather Warfare against "Rogue States"*

   The unusual climatic occurrences in the US and Western Europe have
   been extensively documented.

   However, what the news media has failed to underscore is that a
   number of unusual and dramatic climatic changes have occurred in
   recent years in countries which are identified as possible targets
   under the US Administration's pre-emptive war doctrine.

   Weather patterns in North Korea, for instance, have been marked
   since the mid-1990s by a succession of droughts, followed by floods.
   The result has been the destruction of an entire agricultural
   system. In Cuba, the pattern is very similar to that observed in
   North Korea. (see Table 3)

   In Iraq, Iran and Syria, a devastating drought occurred in 1999. In
   Afghanistan, four years of drought in the years preceding the US led
   invasion in 2001, have led to the destruction of the peasant
   economy, leading to widespread famine.

   While there is no proof that these weather occurrences are the
   result of climatic warfare, Phillips Geophysics Lab, which is a
   partner in the HAARP project provides a course for military
   personnel at the Hanscom Air Force Base in Maryland, on "Weather
   Modification Techniques". The course outline explicitly contemplates
   the triggering of storms, hurricanes, etc. for military use. (See
   his slide show at http://www.dtc.army.mil/tts/1997/proceed/abarnes/
   open PowerPoint presentation at
   http://www.dtc.army.mil/tts/tts97/abarnes.zip )

   Weather manipulation is the pre-emptive weapon par excellence. It
   can be directed against enemy countries or even "friendly nations",
   without their knowledge. Weather warfare constitutes a covert form
   of pre-emptive war. The manipulation of climate can be used to
   destabilize an enemy's economy, ecosystem and agriculture (e.g.
   North Korea or Cuba). Needless to say it can trigger havoc in
   financial and commodity markets and can potentially be used as an
   instrument of "insider trade" for financial gain. It has the ability
   of destabilizing a country's institutions. Concurrently, the
   disruption in agriculture creates a greater dependency on food aid
   and imported grain staples from the US and other Western countries.

   The Bush administration has stated that it reserves the right to
   attack these countries preemptively, with a view to ensuring the
   security of the American homeland.

   Washington --as part of its nuclear posture review-- has threatened
   several countries including China and Russia with pre-emptive
   nuclear strikes. One would assume that the same targeting of rogue
   states exists with regard to the use of weather modification
   techniques".

   While there is no evidence of the use of weather warfare against
   rogue states, the policy guidelines on "weather intervention
   techniques" have already been established and the technology is
   fully operational.

   *************

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   © Copyright MICHEL CHOSSUDOVSKY AND THE CRG 2004.

   www.globalresearch.ca <http://www.globalresearch.ca>
   Centre for Research on Globalisation
   Centre de recherche sur la mondialisation