permaculture

[Lawrence London <lfljvenaura@gmail.com>]

On Mon, Oct 8, 2018 at 1:28 PM João Pedro Moreira Gonçalves <
joaovox@gmail.com> wrote:

> always great inspiration to read about it.
>
> where
>  in "human-medium/ecosystem" do we see this symbiotic pattern or something
> related to it?
> thinking of nomads herding animals in dry lands, always on the move ...
>

Good point, interdependence and co-evolution, shared survival.

>
> Abstract:
> In this paper, we describe a mechanism for the transfer of nutrients from
> symbiotic microbes (bacteria and fungi) to host plant roots that we term
> the ‘rhizophagy cycle.’ In the rhizophagy cycle, microbes alternate between
> a root intracellular endophytic phase and a free-living soil phase.
> Microbes acquire soil nutrients in the free-living soil phase; nutrients
> are extracted through exposure to host-produced reactive oxygen in the
> intracellular endophytic phase. We conducted experiments on several
> seed-vectored microbes in several host species. We found that initially the
> symbiotic microbes grow on the rhizoplane in the exudate zone adjacent the
> root meristem. Microbes enter root tip meristem cells—locating within the
> periplasmic spaces between cell wall and plasma membrane. In the
> periplasmic spaces of root cells, microbes convert to wall-less protoplast
> forms. As root cells mature, microbes continue to be subjected to reactive
> oxygen (superoxide) produced by NADPH oxidases (NOX) on the root cell
> plasma membranes. Reactive oxygen degrades some of the intracellular
> microbes, also likely inducing electrolyte leakage from
> microbes—effectively extracting nutrients from microbes. Surviving bacteria
> in root epidermal cells trigger root hair elongation and as hairs elongate
> bacteria exit at the hair tips, reforming cell walls and cell shapes as
> microbes emerge into the rhizosphere where they may obtain additional
> nutrients. Precisely what nutrients are transferred through rhizophagy or
> how important this process is for nutrient acquisition is still unknown.
>
>
>
> On Thu, Oct 4, 2018 at 6:49 PM Lawrence London <lfljvenaura@gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>
> Microorganisms | Free Full-Text | Rhizophagy Cycle: An Oxidative Process in
> > Plants for Nutrient Extraction from Symbiotic Microbes | HTML
> > https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/6/3/95/htm
>
>
>
>
>
> >
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>
>
> --
> João Gonçalves
> Agroecologia e Permacultura
> Poceirão, Lisboa e Chão Sobral
> t. 96 98 80 009
> http://ecotrabalho.com
> http://www.finca-equilibrium.com/
> http://artepro.org/
> http://chaosobral.org/index_pt.htm
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-- 
Lawrence F. London, Jr.
lfljvenaura@gmail.com
https://sites.google.com/site/avantgeared