permaculture

[Lawrence London <lfljvenaura@gmail.com>]

[See *
http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch27.htm#4.1%20raised%20beds%20and%20waru%20waru%20cultivation-
Figure 32: Raised Bed Irrigation System in Puno, Peru. - this would be
a
Sepp Holzer technique and is thousands of years old; unique for its ability
to protect crops in cold weather with heat/vapor rising from the water
catchments (ditches) surrounding the growing beds.]
*
http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/begin.htm#Contents

*Source Book of Alternative Technologies for Freshwater Augmentation in
Latin America and the Caribbean*

*UNEP *- International Environmental Technology Centre
United Nations Environment Programme

*This **Source Book **will also be issued as a volume in the IETC Technical
Publication Series by UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre,
Osaka/Shiga, Japan, 1997.*

*Unit of Sustainable Development and Environment*
*General Secretariat, Organization of American States*
*Washington, D.C., 1997*

Table of Contents

*Preface* <http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch01.htm#preface>
*List of 
acronyms*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch02.htm#list%20of%20acronyms>
*Part A. Introduction*

*1. Background
* <http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch03.htm#1.%20background>
*2. Objectives
* <http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch04.htm#2.%20objectives>
*3. Organization of the source book
*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch05.htm#3.%20organization%20of%20the%20source%20book>
*4. How to use the source book
*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch06.htm#4.%20how%20to%20use%20the%20source%20book>
*5. Survey methodology
*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch07.htm#5.%20survey%20methodology>
*6. Summary of the findings
*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch08.htm#6.%20summary%20of%20the%20findings>
*7. 
Recommendations*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch09.htm#7.%20recommendations>

*Part B. Technology profiles*

*1. Freshwater augmentation technologies*

1.1 Rainwater harvesting from rooftop catchments
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch10.htm#1.1%20rainwater%20harvesting%20from%20rooftop%20catchments>1.2
Rainwater harvesting in situ
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch11.htm#1.2%20rainwater%20harvesting%20in%20situ>1.3
Fog harvesting
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch12.htm#1.3%20fog%20harvesting>1.4
Runoff collection from paved and unpaved roads
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch13.htm#1.4%20runoff%20collection%20from%20paved%20and%20unpaved%20roads>1.5
Runoff collection using surface and underground structures
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch14.htm#1.5%20runoff%20collection%20using%20surface%20and%20underground%20structures>1.6
Flow diversion structures technical description
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch15.htm#1.6%20flow%20diversion%20structures%20technical%20description>1.7
Water conveyance by marine vessels
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch16.htm#1.7%20water%20conveyance%20by%20marine%20vessels>1.8
Water conveyance by pipelines, aqueducts, and water tankers
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch17.htm#1.8%20water%20conveyance%20by%20pipelines,%20aqueducts,%20and%20water%20tankers>1.9
Artificial recharge of aquifers
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch18.htm#1.9%20artificial%20recharge%20of%20aquifers>1.10
Pumps powered by non-conventional energy
sources<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch19.htm#1.10%20pumps%20powered%20by%20non%20conventional%20energy%20sources>

*2.** **Water quality improvement technologies*

2.1 Desalination by reverse osmosis
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch20.htm#2.1%20desalination%20by%20reverse%20osmosis>2.2
Desalination by distillation
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch21.htm#2.2%20desalination%20by%20distillation>2.3
Clarification using plants and plant material
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch22.htm#2.3%20clarification%20using%20plants%20and%20plant%20material>2.4
Disinfection by boiling and chlorination
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch23.htm#2.4%20disinfection%20by%20boiling%20and%20chlorination>2.5
Filtration 
systems<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch24.htm#2.5%20filtration%20systems>

*3. Wastewater treatment technologies and **reuse*

3.1 Wastewater treatment technologies
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch25.htm#3.1%20wastewater%20treatment%20technologies>3.2
Wastewater 
reuse<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch26.htm#3.2%20wastewater%20reuse>

*4. **W**ater conservation*

4.1 Raised beds and waru waru cultivation
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch27.htm#4.1%20raised%20beds%20and%20waru%20waru%20cultivation>4.2
Small-scale clay pot and porous capsule irrigation
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch28.htm#4.2%20small%20scale%20clay%20pot%20and%20porous%20capsule%20irrigation>4.3
Automatic surge flow and gravitational tank irrigation systems
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch29.htm#4.3%20automatic%20surge%20flow%20and%20gravitational%20tank%20irrigation%20systems>4.4
Dual water distribution
<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch30.htm#4.4%20dual%20water%20distribution>4.5
Other water conservation
practices<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch31.htm#4.5%20other%20water%20conservation%20practices>

 *Part C. Case studies*

*5.1 Rainwater harvesting in Honduras
*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch32.htm#5.1%20rainwater%20harvesting%20in%20honduras>
*5.2 Fog harvesting in Chile
*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch33.htm#5.2%20fog%20harvesting%20in%20chile>
*5.3 Underground dams in Brazil
*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch34.htm#5.3%20underground%20dams%20in%20brazil>
*5.4 Seawater/brackish water desalination by reverse osmosis in the British
Virgin Islands
*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch35.htm#5.4%20seawaterbrackish%20water%20desalination%20by%20reverse%20osmosis%20in%20the%20british%20virgin>
*5.5 Recycling of industrial effluent in Jamaica
*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch36.htm#5.5%20recycling%20of%20industrial%20effluent%20in%20jamaica>
*5.6 Treated wastewater reuse scheme in Barbados
*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch37.htm#5.6%20treated%20wastewater%20reuse%20scheme%20in%20barbados>
*5.7 Clay pot and porous capsule irrigation in
Brazil*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch38.htm#5.7%20clay%20pot%20and%20porous%20capsule%20irrigation%20in%20brazil>

*Part D. Annexes*

*Annex 1. Acknowledgments
*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch39.htm#annex%201.%20acknowledgments>
*Annex 2 List of participants in the Lima and Barbados
workshop*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch40.htm#annex%202%20list%20of%20participants%20in%20the%20lima%20and%20barbados%20workshop>

A. List of participants in the Lima workshop (19-22 September
1995)<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch40.htm#a.%20list%20of%20participants%20in%20the%20lima%20workshop%20%2819%2022%20september%201995%29>
B. List of participants in the Barbados workshop (24-27 October
1995)<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch40.htm#b.%20list%20of%20participants%20in%20the%20barbados%20workshop%20%2824%2027%20october%201995%29>

*Annex 3 Contributions by workshop
participants*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch41.htm#annex%203%20contributions%20by%20workshop%20participants>

A. Workshop on alternative technologies for freshwater augmentation in
Latin 
America<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch41.htm#a.%20workshop%20on%20alternative%20technologies%20for%20freshwater%20augmentation%20in%20latin%20ame>
B. Workshop on alternative technologies for freshwater augmentation in the
Caribbean<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch41.htm#b.%20workshop%20on%20alternative%20technologies%20for%20freshwater%20augmentation%20in%20the%20carib>

*Annex 4 Table of conversion factors for metric and english
units*<http://www.oas.org/DSD/publications/Unit/oea59e/ch42.htm#annex%204%20table%20of%20conversion%20factors%20for%20metric%20and%20english%20units>