permaculture

[<fdnokes@hotmail.com>]

Atmospheric Geoengineering: Weather Manipulation, Contrails and 
ChemtrailsLast season I sent one email on this topic and an absolute barrage 
of emails followed: some for, some against, some insisting on censorship.
The secrecy surrounding this issue is a social issue.
The situation  itself is important to those who care about sustainability as 
it speaks to weather, air and soil quality.
F



From: Global Research E-Newsletter 
Sent: Sunday, August 01, 2010 7:07 AM
To: fdnokes@hotmail.com 
Subject: Rady Ananda: Atmospheric Geoengineering - Weather Manipulation, 
Contrails and Chemtrails


  
      Atmospheric Geoengineering: Weather Manipulation, Contrails and 
Chemtrails
      A Review of the "Case Orange" report


      By Rady Ananda
     
      URL of this article: 
www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=20369
     
      Global Research, July 30, 2010 


      At an international symposium held in Ghent, Belgium May 28-30, 2010, 
scientists asserted that "manipulation of climate through modification of 
Cirrus clouds is neither a hoax nor a conspiracy theory." It is "fully 
operational" with a solid sixty-year history. Though "hostile" environmental 
modification was banned by UN Convention in 1978, its "friendly" use today is 
being hailed as the new savior to climate change and to water and food 
shortages. The military-industrial complex stands poised to capitalize on 
controlling the world's weather. 

       

      "In recent years there has been a decline in the support for weather 
modification research, and a tendency to move directly into operational 
projects." ~World Meteorological Organization, 2007 

       



      Rainmaker Charles Hatfield, in 1915, destroyed much of San Diego. 

       

      The only conspiracy surrounding geoengineering is that most governments 
and industry refuse to publicly admit what anyone with eyes can see. 
Peer-reviewed research is available to anyone willing and able to maneuver 
the labyrinth of scientific journals. So, while there is some disclosure on 
the topic, full public explanation is lacking. A brief list of confirmed 
cloud seeding events is produced at bottom, starting in 1915. 

       

      Going under a variety of names - atmospheric geoengineering, weather 
modification, solar radiation management, chemical buffering, cloud seeding, 
weather force multiplication - toxic aerial spraying is popularly known as 
chemtrails. However, this is merely one technique employed to modify weather. 
The practice of environmental modification is vast and well funded.  

       

      Hosted by the Belfort Group, which has been working for the last seven 
years to raise public awareness of toxic aerial spraying, the Symposium 
included chemtrail awareness groups from Greece, Germany, Holland, France and 
the U.S.  Belfort published five videos covering only May 29,[1] when 
filmmaker Michael Murphy (Environmental Deception and What in the world are 
they spraying)[2] and aerospace engineer Dr. Coen Vermeeren [3] gave the most 
dramatic presentations.  

       

      Dr Vermeeren, of the Delft University of Technology, presented [4] a 
300-page scientific report entitled, "CASE ORANGE: Contrail Science, Its 
Impact on Climate and Weather Manipulation Programs Conducted by the United 
States and Its Allies." [5]  

       

      Case Orange notes it was prepared for the Belfort Group by a team of 
scientists but presented anonymously. It was sent to embassies, news 
organizations and interested groups around the world "to force public 
debate."  

       

      The report spends some time on HAARP, the High Frequency Active Auroral 
Research Program, [6] which is a military endeavor focused on ionospheric, 
electromagnetic, and global electrostatic field manipulation, and on other 
exotic weapon systems that manipulate the environment. While related, they go 
beyond this discussion of chemtrails.  

       

      In the interest of brevity, the health and environmental implications 
of cloud seeding is not discussed in any depth herein. Case Orange does go 
into it, as did most of the speakers at the Belfort Symposium. Cursory 
research reveals a debate among researchers as to chemtrail toxicity, but 
whether that's a 50-50 or 99-1 argument is unknown. 

       

      Contrails Are Chemtrails

       

      Case Orange rejects use of the term 'chemtrails' because it is 
associated with amateur conspiracy theorists. The only credible document it 
could find that uses it is the Space Preservation Act of 2001 introduced by 
U.S. Representative Dennis Kucinich (D-OH). [7]  H.R. 2977 sought to ban the 
use of exotic weapon systems that would damage climate, weather, tectonic and 
biological systems. "Chemtrails" are specifically listed. Though later 
removed, no version of the bill ever became law.  

       

      Instead, the writers prefer the term 'persistent contrails' to describe 
the phenomenon since all contrails are chemtrails. 'Persistent contrails' 
distinguishes those that contain weather-altering additives from those that 
represent normal aircraft exhaust that dissipates after a few seconds or 
minutes.  

       

      Case Orange also rejects misanthropic intentions behind persistent 
contrails. It shows that geoengineering is fully operational, but rejects it 
is used to sicken people on the assumptions that 1) public health agencies 
have the public interest at heart; and 2) the economy is consumer driven. The 
authors indicate no awareness of numerous reports of collusion between the 
pharmaceutical industry and government health agencies. This year, a 
significant conflict-of-interest report appeared in the prestigious British 
Medical Journal, which further heightened suspicions that the H1N1 flu and 
its vaccines were a scam.[8]  Nor do the authors consider that sick people 
will spur economic growth in a capitalist (for profit) health system.  

       



      Dr. Vermeeren gave his own introductory remarks and conclusions, but 
spent the bulk of the hour presenting information from Case Orange. He 
frankly admitted the existence of persistent contrails.  

       

      "We also know that chemtrails do exist because we do spraying; for 
crops, for example, and we know that they have been spraying for military 
purposes. So, chemtrails is nothing new. We know about it."  

       



--------------------------------------------------------------------------

      CLICK LINK Dr Coen Vermeeren Symposium speech, 
      Afternoon Part 1 video, (starting at about 35 mins.) (29 May 2010) 
http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/7299427  


--------------------------------------------------------------------------

      "Weather manipulation through contrail formation... is in place and 
fully operational." 

       

      Case Orange cites publicly available material that shows geoengineering 
has been ongoing for "at least 60 years." Used as a weapon of war in Hamburg 
by the UK during World War II, it was also used in the Vietnam Conflict by 
the US.  Controversy over its use, revealed by investigative reporter Jack 
Anderson, spurred Senate hearings in 1972. During those hearings, military 
officials denied the use of cloud seeding technology. Later, a private letter 
from Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird admitting that his testimony was false 
surfaced. He, again unbelievably, claimed he didn't know what was happening. 
[9]  

       

      Environmental modification (EnMod) weaponry was finally banned by 
treaty in 1978. The UN Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other 
Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques forced the end of such 
programs, overtly anyway.[10]  (Case Orange authors seem unaware of this 
international ban, as it is one of their recommendations.)  

       

      However, with widespread reporting of rising global temperatures, 
increasing population, and degradation of water supplies, renewed interest in 
EnMod is now becoming broadly supported. (See, e.g., Top economists recommend 
climate engineering, 4 Sep 2009 [11] and similarly, Top science body calls 
for geoengineering 'plan B', 1 Sep 2009.[12])  

       




      The crew in Operation Stormfury in 1963. Note the special belly on the 
Douglas DC6-B for cloud seeding purposes. (From Case Orange)

       

      Building a case for old technology finding a new market, Case Orange 
discusses several U.S. patents. For example, authors describe a 1975 patent, 
"Powder Contrail Generation," [13] for the invention of a:  

       

        "specific contrail generation apparatus for producing a powder 
contrail having maximum radiation scattering ability for a given weight [of] 
material. The seeding material... consists of 85% metallic particles and 15% 
colloidal Silica and Silica gel in order to produce a stable contrail that 
has a residence period of 1 up to 2 weeks."   

       

      In 2009, researchers published "Modification of Cirrus clouds to reduce 
global warming," which proposed two methods of delivery for this same 
proportion of metallics to silica and the same staying power of one to two 
weeks.[14]  

       

      Case Orange also reveals a 1991 patent held by Hughes Aircraft Company 
[15] that:  

       

        "contains 18 claims to reduce global warming through stratospheric 
seeding with aluminum oxide... thorium oxide... and refractory Welsbach 
material..."   

       

      The report notes that "the proposed scenario by the IPCC 
[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] in 2001 is identical to the 
claims" in Hughes Aircraft's 1991 patent. Hughes was acquired by Raytheon, a 
private defense contractor, in 1997, "the same company that acquired 
E-systems and the HAARP contract." 

       

      Case Orange presents evidence that Raytheon stands to control all 
weather, which the authors find repugnant given that it is a private 
corporation. The authors recommend suing private corporations instead of 
governments. But subcontracting is quite common for governments and agencies, 
especially the US military. The distinction between large, powerful 
corporations and governments is a fine line obscure to common folk. And, the 
effect is the same whether governments are spraying us with nano-sized 
metals, chemicals or biologicals, or whether corporations do. The authors' 
protective posture toward governments is nonsensical.

       

      Case Orange suggests that geoengineering found new life in the global 
warming scare. Old patents are being dusted off and private interests stand 
to make substantial sums now that Cap and Trade has been exposed as 
ineffective in reducing greenhouse gases. (Although, lawmakers are still 
considering it since substantial sums can be made from the scheme, to wit: Al 
Gore reportedly achieved billionaire status from it.)  

       

      Since 2007, billionaire Bill Gates has spent at least $4.5 million on 
geoengineering research. [16]  Since reducing emissions is not popular with 
industry, 'Plan B' - geoengineering - is being touted as the answer to 
climate change and water shortage.  A longer description of Plan B is: Add 
more pollution to the sky and water to offset industrial pollution, without 
reducing industrial pollution. 

       

      Human rights and environmental watchdog, ETC Group, describes the 
momentum [17]: 

       

        "The roll-out of geoengineering as Plan B is being skillfully 
executed: prominent high-level panels sponsored by prestigious groups, a 
spate of peer-reviewed articles this January in science journals, and a 
line-up of panicked politicians in northern countries, nodding nervously in 
agreement as scientists testify about the 'need to research Plan B.'"   

       

      ETC reports that Gates' top geoengineering advisor unveiled a plan to 
grow solar radiation management research "one-hundred-fold, from $10 million 
to $1 billion over ten years."  

       

      Indeed, several watchdog groups recently ramped up calls to address 
clean water shortage. "At the end of July 2010, the United Nations General 
Assembly will vote on an important resolution, initiated by the Bolivian 
government, which would make clean water and sanitation a human right," 
reports Food and Water Watch.[18] 

       

       

      Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025

       



      Case Orange ties a 1996 report by top military personnel in the U.S., 
"Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025" [19] to 
evidentiary details (like governmental spraying schedules, chemical orders, 
correct nomenclature used in airline operating manuals, and calls for 
geoengineering by economists) to support its notion of "heavy involvement of 
governments at top level in climate control projects."  

       

      Owning the Weather in 2025 provides a specific timeline for the use of 
EnMod technologies in cooperation with the Weather Modification Association 
(WMA), a business-government group promoting the beneficial uses of 
environmental modification [20]:  

       

      2000 Introduce ionic mirrors, with a sharp increase from 2008;   

       

      2000-2025 Use chemicals for atmospheric seeding by civilian (as well as 
military) aviation;   

       

      2004 Create smart clouds thru nanotechnology, with exponential increase 
after 2010;   

       

      2005 Introduce 'carbon black dust'.   

       

      Though Case Orange decries the paucity of research into EnMod, in 2009 
WMA published its position statement on the safety of seeding clouds with 
silver-iodide, citing three dozen research papers from 1970 through 2006. 
[21]  In 2007, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) published a 
statement that included "Guidelines for the Planning of Weather Modification 
Activities." Acknowledging that the modern technology of weather modification 
began in the 1940s, it is still "an emerging technology" today. [22] WMO 
indicated disappointment that research is being abandoned for operations. 

       

      Case Orange contains no reference to the WMA position statement citing 
all that research, although it cites the group. Nor does it mention the World 
Meteorological Organization, an agency of the United Nations, which has a 
link to its Weather Modification portal on its Index page.

       

      At the end of the section, The bare necessity of geoengineering through 
cloud generation for survival of the planet (5.2.7), Case Orange states:  

         

        "[O]ur investigation team comes to the conclusion that climate 
control programs, controlled by the military but approved by governments, are 
silently implemented in order to avoid the worst case scenarios they 
obviously do not want. The two basic instruments are temperature control 
through generation of artificial clouds and manipulation of the ionosphere 
through ionosphere heaters.   

         

        "Both remain basically military combat systems with the option to go 
into the offensive if deemed necessary. However since several ionosphere 
heaters are installed on various places around the globe one can assume that 
there is wide cooperation between governments in order to reach the climate 
targets by 2025: controlling the weather and thus the planet."   

       

      The report published the following images provided by a former 
meteorologist at the Ontario Weather Service, showing spraying schemes for 
Europe. For December 6, 2008:  

       



       








      "The spraying schemes seem to be organized in a logical pattern so that 
the whole of Europe is covered in a 3-day period," the authors write. The 
following images cover January 3-5, 2010:  

       

      Case Orange agrees that climate change needs to be addressed. Regarding 
Climate-Gate, the authors suggest that the University of East Anglia 
deliberately manipulated the climate data to gradually prepare the global 
population for its future on a hotter planet.  

       

      They also cite research that supports the notion that climate change is 
real. During the three-day grounding of most aircraft after 9/11, scientists 
noticed an increase in temperature of 1.1 °C (2 °F). [23] This is an 
astounding increase in such a short time frame. The incidence of cloud 
seeding reports by the public increases exponentially after this.  

       

      The 1996 military piece, Owning the Weather in 2025, gives climate 
change skeptics "an insight in what to expect in the 21st century:  

       

        'Current demographic, economic and environmental trends will create 
global stresses that provide the impetus necessary for many countries or 
groups to turn weather modfication ability into capability. In the United 
States weather modification will likely become part of national security 
policy with both domestic and international applications. Our government will 
pursue such a policy, depending on its interests, at various levels.'"   



      Recommendations

       

      "Persistent contrails," however, "have a devastating impact on 
eco-systems on this planet and quality of life in general." Case Orange joins 
the call of Bill Gates' geoengineering advisor and the WMO for new research 
measuring the impact on human health and the environment from EnMod programs.

       

      Case Orange also recommends an immediate and full disclosure of current 
EnMod activities to the public; and that all civil aviation laws be abided.   

       

      Of note, in response to policy interest in geoengineering as a means to 
control climate change and enhance water supplies, on May 14, 2010, the 
science subcommittee of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity 
proposed a geoengineering moratorium. [24] This proposed ban on "friendly" 
EnMod programs will be heard at the Tenth Conference of Parties to UN 
Convention on Biodiversity in Nagoya, Japan this October. 

       

      Case Orange reports that China and Russia openly admit to 
cloud-seeding, while the U.S. denies such activities. The U.S. does permit 
open air testing of chemical and biological weapons but not under the law the 
authors cited, which they paraphrased:  

       

      The secretary of defense may conduct tests and experiments involving 
the use of chemical and biological agents on civilian populations.   

       

      Public law of the United States, Law 95-79, Title VIII, Sec. 808, July 
30, 1977.    

       

      Codified as 50 USC 1520, under Chapter 32 Chemical and Biological 
Warfare Program, Public Law 85-79 was repealed in 1997 by Public Law 105-85. 
In its place, 15 USC 1520a provides restrictions (such as informed consent). 
50 USC 1512, however, allows open air testing of chemicals and biologicals 
and allows presidential override of notices and of public health 
considerations for national security reasons. [25] Case Orange authors are 
thus correct in asserting that such programs are legal in the U.S. 

       

      Epilogue

       

      Having heard enough conspiracy theories to last me a lifetime, I 
hesitated researching the subject of chemtrails, and maintained skepticism. 
That all changed in March when I personally observed two jets seeding clouds, 
along with about 30 other people in the parking lot at lunchtime. Someone 
took a picture from her cell phone: 

       



      The trails lasted for hours, and looked distinctly different from other 
clouds. Since then, I've been watching the skies and can now tell when 
they've been seeded. We often have a white haze instead of a deep blue sky, 
even when persistent contrails aren't visible.

       

      A few days ago, someone sent me a link to the Belfort Symposium videos. 
Four hours into it, I became riveted when Dr. Vermeeren began his 
presentation of the Case Orange report. That's when I decided to seriously 
look into the subject. As informative as Case Orange is for the newcomer, any 
serious research into the subject reveals that what all those "conspiracy 
theorists" suggest is true: they are spraying the skies, and they're not 
telling us.

       

      Discovering that the World Meteorological Organization has a tab on its 
website called Weather Modification shocked me. Reading their disappointment 
that governments are going ahead with operations instead of doing more 
research confirmed all of it for me. And that was published in 2007!

       

      So, while we're not being told, the information is publicly available 
to any armchair researcher.

       

      Being so late to the game on all this accords me sympathy for others. 
Military leaders have for centuries recognized that it rains after a heavy 
battle, but harnessing that power in a way that doesn't cause a deluge like 
in San Diego in 1915 has been a task. I came upon other stories like that in 
my research - misdirected hurricanes, farm wars, massive flooding and 
mudslides. It's no wonder there are so many books on the subject.  It's no 
wonder this turned into a 3,000-word essay.

       

      Chemtrails are no hoax; I spent time going to as many original sources 
as I could find. The record is replete with mainstream news accounts of the 
early days of the modern EnMod program. If its birth can be marked by 
Britain's successful use of chaff in 1943 to jam enemy radar, the program is 
67 years old. That's quite a history to keep under the radar of most people. 
That reflects most poorly on mainstream news sources, who are supposed to 
expose government shenanigans.

       

      ~~~  

       

      A Brief History of Cloud Seeding

       

      Cloud seeding, as a US military research project, began as early as the 
1830s, according to Colby College professor, James R. Fleming. [26]  
Verifiably successful rainmaking attempts did not occur until 1915.  

       

      1915  To end a prolonged drought, San Diego hired reputed rainmaker 
Charles Hatfield, who claimed that the evaporation of his secret chemical 
brew atop wooden towers could attract clouds.  San Diego was rewarded with a 
17-day deluge that totaled 28 inches. The deadly downpour washed out more 
than 100 bridges, made roads impassable over a huge area, destroyed 
communications lines, and left thousands homeless. [27]  

       



      Charles Hatfield's rain washes out dam 1915, San Diego. Dozens died.

       

      1943 "The first operational use of chaff (aluminium strips which are 
precisely cut to a quarter of the radar's wavelength) took place in July 
1943, when Hamburg was subjected to a devastating bombing raid. The radar 
screens were cluttered with reflections from the chaff and the air defence 
was, in effect, completely blinded." [28]  

       

      1946  General Electric's Vincent Schaefer dropped six pounds of dry ice 
into a cold cloud over Greylock Peak in the Berkshires, causing an 
"explosive" growth of three miles in the cloud. [29]  

       



      New York dry ice seeding 1946 (Life Magazine)

       

      1947  Australian meteorologists successfully repeated the process. [30] 
 

       

      1949  Project Cirrus: Nobel Laureate Irving Langmuir and General 
Electric researcher Vincent Schaefer fed ten ounces of silver iodide into a 
blowtorch apparatus and brought down 320 billion gallons of rain across half 
of New Mexico from a desert near Albuquerque. [31]  

       

      1950  Harvard meteorologist Wallace Howell seeded New York City skies 
with dry ice and silver iodide smoke, filling the city's reservoirs to near 
capacity. [32]  

       

      1952  The UK's Operation Cumulus resulted in 250 times the normal 
amount of rainfall, killing dozens and destroying landscapes. [33] 

       

      1962-1983  Operation Stormfury, a hurricane modification program, had 
some success in reducing winds by up to 30%. [34]  

       

      1966-1972  Project Intermediary Compatriot (later called Pop Eye) 
successfully seeded clouds in Laos. The technique became part of military 
actions in Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos from 1967 to 1972. Initially revealed 
by Jack Anderson in the Washington Post, 18 Mar 1971. [35]  

       

      1986  The Soviet air force diverted Chernobyl fallout from reaching 
Moscow by seeding clouds. Belarus, instead, was hit. [36]  

       



      China weather rocket (2008 by ImpactLab)

       

      2008  Chinese government used 1,104 cloud seeding missiles to remove 
the threat of rain ahead of the Olympic opening ceremony in Beijing. [37]  



       

      2009  Moscow Halo. Case Orange cites this as evidence of cloud seeding, 
but others suspect it is electromagnetic in origin. Russian authorities said 
it was an optical illusion. [38]  

       


       

      This is by no means a comprehensive list; indeed, volumes are dedicated 
to the subject.  



--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        

      Notes:

       

      [1] Belfort Group videos of International Symposium on Chemtrails, May 
29, 2010 proceedings. http://www.ustream.tv/channel/belfort-test  

       

      [2] Michael Murphy website: http://truthmediaproductions.blogspot.com/  

       

      [3] Dr Coen Vermeeren, Delft University of Technology bio, n.d. 

      [4] Dr Coen Vermeeren Symposium speech, Afternoon Part 1 video, 
(starting at about 35 mins..) (29 May 2010) 
http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/7299427  

       

      [5] Anonymous, "CASE ORANGE: Contrail Science, Its Impact on Climate 
and Weather Manipulation Programs Conducted by the United States and Its 
Allies," 10 May 2010. PDF without appendices:
       
http://coto2.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/case_orange-5-10-2010-belfort-chemtrails.pdf
  

       

      [6] High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program, Fact Sheet, 15 Jun 
2007. http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/factSheet.html  

       

      [7] Space Preservation Act of 2001, H.R.2977, 107th Congress, 1st 
Session. Introduced by U.S. Representative Dennis Kucinich.  

       

      [8] Deborah Cohen and Philip Carter, "Conflicts of Interest: WHO and 
the pandemic 'flu conspiracies,'" British Medical Journal 2010;340:c2912, 3 
Jun 2010. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/340/jun03_4/c2912  

       

      [9] The Sunshine Project, "The Limits of Inside Pressure: The US 
Congress Role in ENMOD," n.d. Accessed July 2010. 
http://www.sunshine-project.org/enmod/US_Congr.html  

       

      [10] United Nations, "Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any 
Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques," Resolution 
31/72, 10 Dec 1976, effective 1978. Geneva. 
http://www.un-documents.net/enmod.htm  

       

      [11] Copenhagen Consensus Center, "Top economists recommend climate 
engineering," 4 Sep 2009. Press release [pdf] 
      
http://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/Admin/Public/DWSDownload.aspx?File=%2fFiles%2fFiler%2fPress+Releases+2010%2fCC_PRESS_STATEMENT__4september2010_.pdf
  

       

      [12] Catherine Brahic, "Top science body calls for geoengineering 'plan 
B', New Scientist 1 Sep 2009. 
      
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17716-top-science-body-calls-for-geoengineering-plan-b.html
  

       

      [13] Donald K. Werle, et al., "Powder contrail generation," U.S. Patent 
3,899,144, 12 Aug 1975. Assignee: U.S. Secretary of the Navy. 
      
http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3,899,144.PN.&OS=PN/3,899,144&RS=PN/3,899,144
  

       

      [14] David L Mitchell and William Finnegan, "Modification of Cirrus 
clouds to reduce global warming," Environmental Research Letters Vol. 4 No. 
4, 30 Oct 2009. Available by subscription: 
http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/4/4/045102  

       

      [15] David B. Chang and I-Fu Shih, "Stratospheric Welsbach seeding for 
reduction of global warming," U.S. Patent 5,003,186, 26 Mar 1991. Assignee: 
Hughes Aircraft Company. 
      
http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5,003,186.PN.&OS=PN/5,003,186&RS=PN/5,003,186
  

       

      [16] Eli Kintisch, "Bill Gates Funding Geoengineering Research," 
Science Insider, 26 Jan 2010. 
http://blogs.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2010/01/bill-gates-fund.html.  

       

      [17] ETC Group, "Top-down Planet Hackers Call for Bottom-up Governance: 
Geoengineers' Bid to Establish Voluntary Testing Regime Must Be Opposed," 11 
Feb 2010. http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/5073  

       

      [18] Food and Water Watch: 
http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/water/world-water/right/ 

       

      [19] Col Tamzy J. House, et al. "Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning 
the Weather in 2025," Department of Defense U.S. Air Force, 17 Jun 1996. 
Publicly released August 1996. Reproduced at Federation of American 
Scientists: 
      http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/usaf/2025/v3c15/v3c15-1.htm  

       

      [20] Weather Modicaton Association website: 
http://www.weathermodification.org/  

       

      [21] Weather Modification Association, "Position Statement on the 
Environmental Impact of Using Silver Iodides as a Cloud Seeding Agent," July 
2009. 
      http://www.weathermodification.org/AGI_toxicity.pdf

       

      [22] World Meteorological Organization, "WMO Statement on Weather 
Modification," UN Commission for Atmospheric Sciences Management Group, 26 
Sep 2007. 
      
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/new/documents/WM_statement_guidelines_approved.pdf

       

      [23] Donald J. Travis, et al. "Contrails reduce daily temperature 
range," Nature 418, 601, 8 Aug 2002. Reproduced in full by University of 
Washington, Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences: 
      
http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~rennert/etc/courses/pcc587/ref/Travis-etal2002_Nature.pdf
  

       

      [24] Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice, 
"In-depth Review of the Work on Biodiversity and Climate Change, Draft 
Recommendation," Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations 
Environmental Programme, UNEP/CBD/SBTTA/14/L.9, 15 May 2010. 
http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/sbstta/sbstta-14/in-session/sbstta-14-L-09-en.pdf
  

       

      [25] United States Code, Title 50, Chapter 32, "Chemical and Biological 
Warfare Program." http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/50C32.txt  

       

      [26] James Rodger Fleming, "The pathological history of weather and 
climate modification: Three cycles of promise and hype," Historical Studies 
in the Physical and Biological Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2006. Available at 
      http://www.colby.edu/sts/06_fleming_pathological.pdf  

       

      [27] Stephen Cole, "Weather on Demand," American Heritage, 2005. 
http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/2005/2/2005_2_48.shtml  

       

      [28] Monsignore Pizzafunghi Bosselese, "The History of Radar," BBC, 14 
Jul 2003. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A591545  

       

      [29] Fleming, citing New York Times, 15 Nov 1946, 24.  

       

      [30] Squires, P. & Smith, E. J., "The Artificial Stimulation of 
Precipitation by Means of Dry Ice," Australian Journal of Scientific 
Research, Series A: Physical Sciences, vol. 2, p.232, 1949AuSRA...2..232S, 
1949. Republished at Harvard University:
       
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1949AuSRA...2..232S/0000244.000.html 

       

      Also see: Stephen Cole, "Weather on Demand," American Heritage, 2005. 
      
http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/2005/2/2005_2_48.shtml  

       

      [31]  Life Magazine, "Solution to Water Shortage: Rain makers' success 
shows how New York could fill its reservoirs," p. 113, 20 Feb 1950. 
      
http://books.google.com/books?id=FVMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA113&dq=Irving+Langmuir&as_pt=MAGAZINES&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Irving%20Langmuir&f=false
  

       

      [32] Life Magazine, "U.S. Water: We can supplement our outgrown sources 
at a price," 21 Aug 1950, p. 52.
      
http://books.google.com/books?id=wUoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52&lpg=PA52&dq=Irving+Langmuir+rainmaker&source=bl&ots=Ehqq8hZNsE&sig=
      
tkN51NoxqMsKVq6ClZU9Hvej8g0&hl=en&ei=9mhMTO3vG93llQfjpJHGDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false
  

       

      [33] John Vidal and Helen Weinstein, "RAF rainmakers 'caused 1952 
flood': Unearthed documents suggest experiment triggered torrent that killed 
35 in Devon disaster," The Guardian, 30 Aug 2001. 
      http://www.guardian.co.uk/silly/story/0,10821,544259,00.html 

       

      Also see: BBC News, "Rain-making link to killer floods," 30 Aug 2001. 
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1516880.stm 

       

      [34] Jerry E. Smith, "Weather Warfare: The Military's Plan to Draft 
Mother Nature," Adventures Unlimited Press, 2006. pp. 47-54. 
      
http://books.google.com/books?id=G7t260XD8AYC&pg=PA47&dq=stormfury&hl=en&ei=9wJ
      
OTOfVE4G88gbZ3IGaDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=stormfury&f=false
  

       

      [35] ibid. pp. 54-60.  

       

      [36] Richard Gray, "How we made the Chernobyl rain," Daily Telegraph, 
22 Apr 2007.
       
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1549366/How-we-made-the-Chernobyl-rain.html
  

       

      [37] Ian O'Neill, "The Chinese Weather Manipulation Missile Olympics," 
Universe Today, 12 Aug 2008. 
      
http://www.universetoday.com/2008/08/12/the-chinese-weather-manipulation-missile-olympics/
  

       

      [38] Anonymous, "Moscow Halo," cell phone video uploaded to YouTube, 7 
Oct 2009. reposted at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXF9HSB627U 
     


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