permaculture

[Jacque Greenleaf <jacque@book-woman.net>]

How about Mollison's error categories?

Type-one - fatal, fundamental design errors, such as destroying functional, 
natural ecosystems to build your permaculture dream.
Type-two - design errors that result in unnecessary struggle for the 
homesteader

These are what I am remembering off the top of my head, I am sure that there 
are folks here who can elaborate.  


On Mar 29, 2010, at 10:26 AM, Sean Kenney wrote:

> Hi,
> I just thought I would throw this out there.
> gabion- works well in bank retention
> keyline- a feature that would be moving H2O across a slope. ex/ a swale with
> grade
> Let me know if I've misunderstood something, thanks
> Sean
> 
> On Sun, Mar 28, 2010 at 4:52 PM, Lawrence F. London, Jr. <
> venaurafarm@bellsouth.net> wrote:
> 
>> (this got deleted by mistake -Linda: please resend your original)
>> 
>> Subject:
>> draft of list of permaculture concepts and practices
>> From:
>> LBUZZELL@aol.com
>> Date:
>> Sun, 28 Mar 2010 11:56:26 EDT
>> To:
>> sbperm2006@googlegroups.com, Scpg@arashi.com,
>> westcoastwomenspermaculture@googlegroups.com,
>> perma-psychology@googlegroups.com, permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
>> CC:
>> lbuzzell@aol.com
>> 
>> Just to aid my own understanding, I'm starting to compile a list or
>> lexicon of permaculture concepts and practices (not including the ethics
>> and principles, of course) and would greatly appreciate any corrections
>> or additions.  My hope is that this might become a handy additional tool
>> as we go about applying the permaculture ethics and principles in every
>> area of society, from land care to people care, health care, politics,
>> economics and even psychology and spirituality.
>> 
>> Cheers,
>> Linda
>> 
>> 
>> PERMACULTURE CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES: A LEXICON
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> Compiled by Linda Buzzell   lbuzzell@aol.com
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> In addition to the permaculture ethics and principles, the following are
>> some useful permaculture concepts and practices that can be applied in
>> many of the different sectors of society like land care, people care,
>> community practices and even psychology and spirituality:
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> BERM.  A area of elevated soil, usually on the downhill side of a swale.
>> (see “swale”)
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> CHOP AND DROP.  The practice of not moving resources far from their
>> source.  In garden care, chopping up trimmings and leaving them in place
>> as a mulch.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> ENERGY FLOWS.  Careful observation of natural energy flows on a piece of
>> land or in social or economic situations can help us make decisions
>> about where to place various elements.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> GABION.  Rocks contained within a wire or other porous container to
>> divert or block a stream.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> GUILD. A community of elements working harmoniously together to perform
>> a function or various functions.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> KEYLINE.  Wikipedia: “a technique for maximizing beneficial use of water
>> resources of a piece of land. The Keyline refers to a specific
>> topographic feature linked to water flow. Beyond that however, Keyline
>> can be seen as a collection of design principles, techniques and systems
>> for development of rural and urban landscapes.” Some say that land above
>> the keyline should be considered sacred land.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> NEEDS & RESOURCES.  In assessing any situation, it is wise to make a
>> list of needs and available resources before beginning a redesign.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> LOW TECH SOLUTIONS. Exhaust biological solutions before using
>> technological solutions.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> NATURAL SUCCESSION.  Design for harmony with natural succession: the
>> pattern whereby pioneering plants (or people) are naturally followed by
>> other species, leading up to a climax forest.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> PATTERNS.  Observing the patterns in nature, we can then apply these to
>> new situations.  The circle and the spiral are key patterns for this
>> purpose. For example, time is a spiral based on the movement of the
>> earth around the sun and the movement of other celestial elements. The
>> straight line is not a common natural pattern.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> REDUNDANCY.  It is wise to include multiple elements to perform a single
>> function.  Good backup creates resilient systems.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> RESILIENCE.  The ability of a system to survive various shocks. See
>> “redundancy.” Permaculture teacher Rob Hopkins' "The Transition
>> Handbook" is based on applying the concept of resiliency to community
>> systems.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> SPIRAL.  A common natural pattern used in many permaculture designs.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> STACKING. Stacking functions involves a single element in a design
>> performing multiple functions.  This element could be a plant, an
>> animal, a person or a social system.
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> SWALES.  On-contour ditches which capture and hold water, making it
>> available to trees and perennials planted on berms built up on the
>> downhill side of the swale with the soil from the ditch. (see “berm”)
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> ZONES.  Designing by zones involves starting at Zone 0 (the self),
>> expanding to Zone 1 (the habitation), and outwards to Zone 5
>> (wilderness).  This pattern can be applied to psychological and social
>> systems as well.
>> 
>> ZONES.  From Wikipedia: in permaculture design, “a method of ensuring
>> that elements are correctly placed. Zones are numbered from 0 to 5, and
>> can be thought of as a series of concentric rings moving out from a
>> centre point—where human activity and need for attention is most
>> concentrated—to where there is no need for intervention at all…
>> 
>>    * ZONE 0 — The house, or home centre. Here permaculture principles
>> would be applied in terms of aiming to reduce energy and water needs,
>> harnessing natural resources such as sunlight, and generally creating a
>> harmonious, sustainable environment in which to live, work and relax
>>    * ZONE 1 — The zone nearest to the house, the location for those
>> elements in the system that require frequent attention, or that need to
>> be visited often, such as salad crops, herb plants, soft fruit like
>> strawberries or raspberries, greenhouse and cold frames, propagation
>> area, worm compost bin for kitchen waste, and so on.
>>    * ZONE 2 — This area is used for siting perennial plants that
>> require less frequent maintenance, such as occasional weed control
>> (preferably through natural methods such as spot-mulching) or pruning,
>> including currant bushes and orchards. This would also be a good place
>> for beehives, larger scale home composting bins, and so on.
>>    * ZONE 3 — The area where maincrops are grown, both for domestic
>> use and for trade purposes. After establishment, care and maintenance
>> required are fairly minimal (provided mulches and similar things are
>> used), such as watering or weed control once a week or so.
>>    * ZONE 4 — A semi-wild area. This zone is mainly used for forage
>> and collecting wild food as well as timber production. An example might
>> be coppice-managed woodland.
>>    * ZONE 5 — A wild area. There is no human intervention in zone 5
>> apart from the observation of natural eco-systems and cycles. Here is
>> where the most important lessons of the first permaculture principle of
>> working with, rather than against, nature are learned.
>> 
>> This pattern can be applied to psychological and social systems as well.
>> Articles have been written about “Zone 00” – the self.
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