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  • From: Martin Naylor <martinwnaylor@yahoo.com.au>
  • To: permaculture <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
  • Subject: Re: [permaculture] permaculture relationships and system design
  • Date: Sun, 20 May 2007 14:35:37 +1000 (EST)

Hi
As this got anything to do with string theory or how did dna joind with rna
the original creation of life, and also is this revalent to this observation.

WARNING Trading Post have a problem with Permaculture so don't mention it I
allmost got kicked out of the goup

Love
Martin

Sat, 19 May 2007 20:06:09 -0600 From: "TradingPostPaul"
<tradingpost@riseup.net> Add to Address Book To:
livingontheland@lists.ibiblio.org Subject: [Livingontheland] Papago and
Hohokam Irrigation [input] [input] [input] [input] #message {
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Comparing Papago and Hohokam Irrigation (from Rivers of Empire) Donald
Worster entire article at http://www.waterhistory.org/histories/hohokam3/
Papago The most extraordinary achievement in surviving the arid Southwest
belongs to the Papago, the Bean People. They have dwelt for millennia in
the Sonoran desert, a land that gets an average rainfall of less than ten
inches, where saguaro, paloverde, and the Gila monster are among the
flourishing forms of life. It was an unlikely place to take up farming, but
they made a stunning success there until the white man's technology
entered and destroyed their way of life(1). Papago agriculture, supplemented
by hunting and gathering, was a mobile affair, touching the desert
lightly. >From April to September they collected cholla buds, wild greens,
acorns, and fruit from the saguaro and prickly pear. For their protein they
killed bighorn sheep, mule deer, peccary, and rabbits. But it was
particularly
in farming that they showed the most remarkable ingenuity. Whenever and
wherever the rain fell, they rushed to get a bean crop raised. The bean on
which they thrived was the tepary, a fast germinator. It had to be fast
given the short growing season in the desert, where erratic rainfall may
cause rivers suddenly to rise only to be followed in a couple of months by
soil that is bone-dry again. The Papago and other Sonoran groups perfected
a technique called "floodplain irrigation," which was confined to a few
river edges and arroyo mouths. Here is how it worked: A flash flood comes
roaring down the sandy riverbed on a July day. It surges into a temporary
catchment basin, where it immediately soaks into the soil or forms a pond
for later diversion. Cottonwoods, willows, and burrobushes, some of them
artificially planted by the Indians in fencerows along the watercourse,
slow the current, spreading the water over a broad, flat surface and
trapping the suspended silt for fertilizer. Then, in the mud left by the
flood, the Papago plant their seeds, expecting to harvest them before the
earth turns bricklike again. The fields irrigated in this way are small,
irregular patches-two acres here, three or four there. This technique, at
which they were so skilled, was also called arroyo-mouth, or ak-chin,
farming(2). The traditional Papago had little margin for error or
complacence, yet they can be described as a people of abundance, at least in
the sense that everyone among them had enough to eat and enough leisure to
spend, when work was done, on stories, games, and tranquility. Guiding
floodwater as the Papago did required a communal effort, for no solitary
individual could handle the flood torrents. In 1895 an admiring white
observer, W. J. McGee, called the system "economy of solidarity," adding
that no creature, human or otherwise, could get along in the desert
without it(3). Besides
cooperation, Papago agriculture demonstrated an intimate knowledge of the
desert ecosystem, stream hydraulics, and agronomy. But theirs was not a
science devoted to the technical conquest of nature; rather, it aimed more
modestly at achieving a secure coexistence and a thrifty subsistence.
_______________________________________________ Livingontheland mailing
list Livingontheland@lists.ibiblio.org
http://lists.ibiblio.org/mailman/listinfo/livingontheland

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"Lawrence F. London, Jr." <lfl@intrex.net> wrote:
Lawrence F. London, Jr. wrote:

> Someone in another forum mentioned "intelligent automata" and I remembered
> hearing about
> Stephen Wolfram's cellular automata theory. The Wikipedia entry for this
> contains suggestions that
> this system may accurately describe natural processes throughout the
> universe.
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_automata
> This may then have some bearing, though very remote, to permaculture
> relationships and guilds. A while back
> I thought a lot about heirarchies of relationships in a natural system on a
> piece of land,
> or 100 square feet, for that matter; the implications that the most basic,
> elementary ecological relationships
> in a system have for the whole system and for contiguous systems. The
> language used by microorganisms,
> invertebrates, insects, mammals and plants to communicate consisting of
> chemical, electrical, light, sound, pH, moisture
> and nutrient signals create complex relationships between the elements of
> any given natural system. This must play a
> large part in determining the biodiversity, robustness and overall health
> of any given site. Taking an inventory of
> the components of such systems and all observable site features could be
> helpful to a permaculture designer when
> involved in site restoration as well as site development with increased
> diversity and production capability in mind.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_automata

"In the 1970s a two-state, two-dimensional cellular automaton named Game of
Life became very widely known, particularly
among the early computing community. Invented by John Conway, and popularized
by Martin Gardner in a Scientific American
article, its rules are as follows: If a black cell has 2 or 3 black
neighbors, it stays black. If a white cell has 3
black neighbors, it becomes black. In all other cases, the cell stays or
becomes white. Despite its simplicity, the
system achieves an impressive diversity of behavior, fluctuating between
apparent randomness and order. One of the most
apparent features of the Game of Life is the frequent occurrence of gliders,
arrangements of cells that essentially move
themselves across the grid. It is possible to arrange the automaton so that
the gliders interact to perform
computations, and after much effort it has been shown that the Game of Life
can emulate a universal Turing machine.
Possibly because it was viewed as a largely recreational topic, little
follow-up work was done outside of investigating
the particularities of the Game of Life and a few related rules.

In 1969, however, German computer pioneer Konrad Zuse published his book
Calculating Space, proposing that the physical
laws of the universe are discrete by nature, and that the entire universe is
just the output of a deterministic
computation on a giant cellular automaton. This was the first book on what
today is called digital physics.

In 1983 Stephen Wolfram published the first of a series of papers
systematically investigating a very basic but
essentially unknown class of cellular automata, which he terms elementary
cellular automata (see below). The unexpected
complexity of the behavior of these simple rules led Wolfram to suspect that
complexity in nature may be due to similar
mechanisms. Additionally, during this period Wolfram formulated the concepts
of intrinsic randomness and computational
irreducibility, and suggested that rule 110 may be universal—a fact proved by
Matthew Cook in the 1990s.

Wolfram left academia in the mid-late 1980s to create Mathematica, which he
then used to extend his earlier results to a
broad range of other simple, abstract systems. In 2002 he published his
results in the 1280-page text A New Kind of
Science, which extensively argued that the discoveries about cellular
automata are not isolated facts but are robust and
have significance for all disciplines of science. Despite much confusion in
the press and academia, the book did not
argue for a fundamental theory of physics based on cellular automata, and
although it did describe a few specific
physical models based on cellular automata, it also provided models based on
qualitatively different abstract systems.

In his 2005 book, The Lifebox, The Seashell and The Soul, Dr Rudy Rucker
expanded upon Wolfram's theories toward a
theory of Universal Automatism. This used cellular automata a model to
explain how simple rules can generate complex
results."


--
Lawrence F. London, Jr.
Venaura Farm
lfl@intrex.net
http://market-farming.com
http://market-farming.com/venaurafarm
http://venaurafarm.blogspot.com/
http://www.ibiblio.org/ecolandtech

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we forgive those who put trash in our baskets."
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