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  • From: <darren@permaculture.biz>
  • To: "'permaculture'" <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>, "'promoting permaculture and sustainable living in the oceania region'" <permaculture-oceania@lists.cat.org.au>
  • Cc: geoff@permaculture.org.au
  • Subject: Re: [permaculture] Costs of Conventional Agriculture
  • Date: Tue, 22 Aug 2006 19:27:56 +0700

G'day,



Sorry forgot about no attachments.



Data below in body of email:



http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/Y3951E/y3951e09.htm








The annual external costs of modern agriculture in United Kingdom, United
States of America and Germany ($ million, adjusted to 1996 prices)


Cost Category

United Kingdom

United States of America

Germany


1. Damage to Natural Capital: Water










Pesticides in sources of drinking water

187

921

90




Nitrate, phosphate and soil in sources of drinking water

110

1 267

+




Zoonoses (esp. Cryptosporidium) in sources of drinking water

36

+

+




Eutrophication, pollution incidents, fish deaths, monitoring costs

26

265

51


2. Damage to Natural Capital: Air










Emissions of methane, ammonia, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide

1 733

17 028

1 752


3. Damage to Natural Capital: Soil










Off-site damage caused by erosion

22



+




flooding, blocked ditches and lost water storage



3 561






damage to industry, navigation and fisheries



8 978






Organic matter and carbon dioxide losses from soils

128

+

+


4. Damage to Natural Capital: Biodiversity and Landscape










Biodiversity/wildlife losses

39

340

6




Hedgerows and drystone wall losses

154

+

+




Bee colony losses and damage to domestic pets

3

237

2


5. Damage to Human Health: Pesticides

12

137

14


6. Damage to Human Health: Nitrate

0

+

+


7. Damage to Human Health: Microorganisms / Disease Agents










Bacterial and viral outbreaks in food

263

+

+




BSE and new variant CJD

946

+

+




Overuse of antibiotics

+

+

+


Total annual external costs

3 650

32 762

1 917


Total costs per hectare of arable and grassland

324

76

111


Costs per hectare of arable only

355

106

259


Costs per kg of pesticide active ingredient

13.4

3.4

6.1


+ = cost estimates not yet calculated (or available).

R Source: Pretty et al. (2001).Policy challenges and priorities for
internalizing the externalities of modern agriculture.
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 44 (2), 263-283





-----Original Message-----
From: permaculture-bounces@lists.ibiblio.org
[mailto:permaculture-bounces@lists.ibiblio.org] On Behalf Of
darren@permaculture.biz
Sent: Tuesday, August 22, 2006 7:05 PM
To: 'promoting permaculture and sustainable living in the oceania region';
'permaculture'
Cc: darren@permaculture.biz; geoff@permaculture.org.au
Subject: [permaculture] Costs of Conventional Agriculture



G'day,







I trust that this greets you and all well.







Was hunting around last night as part of researching today's class here in

Vietnam with government/private/ngo agricultural/forestry extension officers

and came across this data that may be of interest.















Yours and Growing,



Darren J. Doherty



Permaculture Designer



Australia Felix Permaculture







Integrated Consultant



M&M's/Mars Inc.







Australia (Bendigo):



Yeerip House



103 Casey St, East Bendigo, Victoria, Australia, 3550



p. +61 3 5444 1068



m. +61 (0) 418 254 605 (Australian Mobile)



e. <mailto:darren@permaculture.biz> darren@permaculture.biz



w. <http://www.permaculture.biz/> www.permaculture.biz



Australia (Moriac):



Dalpura



15 Thielemanns Rd, Moriac, Victoria, Australia, 3240



p. +61 3 5266 1807







Viet Nam (Dong Xoai):



Sustainable Cacao Agroforestry Systems (SCAS)



Hillside Restoration & Water/Soil Conservation Project,



Forest Science Sub Institute of Vietnam (FSSIV) Research Farm,



Huong-lo 312, Nghia Trung Commune, Bu Dang District, Binh Phuoc Province,



Socialist Republic of Vietnam



m. +84 (0) 909 861 520 (Viet Nam Mobile)



<http://www.permaculture.biz/>



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