permaculture

[Rain Tenaqiya <raincascadia@yahoo.com>]

Hi Jude,
 
I believed all that I read about seaberry, including the fact that part of 
its range is in central Asia, and planted it all over a south-facing hillside 
in an area of northern California with very hot Summers, thinking it would do 
well there and help establish a food forest.  It turns out that the part of 
central Asia where seaberry grows is a lot cooler than California and my 
seaberries got fried.  They actually do very well in partial shade in 
California.  I would love to hear about other people's experience with 
seaberry in hot areas as overwatering could have also been part of the 
problem.
 
Rain

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Today's Topics:

1. Thorny edibles (Jude Hobbs)
2. permaculture in Peru and elsewhere (Naomi & Rick Coleman)
3. [Fwd: Alternative greenhouse crops] (Richard Morris)


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Thu, 4 Mar 2004 15:57:39 -0800
From: Jude Hobbs 
Subject: [permaculture] Thorny edibles
To: permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
Message-ID: 
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed

Hello Antonio,
Have you heard of Hippophae rhamnoides- Sea Buckthorn?

Here is some of what Plants for a Future says: 
(http://www.scs.leeds.ac.uk/pfaf/index.html)

Physical Characteristics

A decidious shrub growing to 6m by 2.5m at a medium rate. It is hardy 
to zone 3 and is not frost tender. It is in flower in April, and the 
seeds ripen from September to October. The flowers are dioecious 
(individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to 
be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown 
if seed is required) and are pollinated by Wind. The plant not is 
self-fertile. It can fix Nitrogen. We rate it 5 out of 5 for 
usefulness. Very thorny branches.

The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils 
and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. The plant prefers acid, 
neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It 
requires dry moist or wet soil and can tolerate drought. The plant can 
tolerate maritime exposure.

Sea buckthorn has an extensive root system and suckers vigorously and 
so has been used in soil conservation schemes, especially on sandy 
soils. The fibrous and suckering root system acts to bind the sand[186, 
244].

Because the plant grows quickly, even in very exposed conditions, and 
also adds nitrogen to the soil, it can be used as a pioneer species to 
help the re-establishment of woodland in difficult areas. Because the 
plant is very light-demanding it will eventually be out-competed by the 
woodland trees and so will not out-stay its welcome[K].


This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria, 
these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. 
Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can 
also be used by other plants growing nearby[113, 186, 200]. Plants 
produce abundant suckers, especially when grown on sandy soils[186

Edible Uses
Fruit.

Fruit - raw or cooked. Very rich in vitamin C (120mg per 100g)[74] and 
vitamin A[183], they are too acid when raw for most peoples tastes[11, 
158], though most children seem to relish them[K]. Used for making 
fruit juice, it is high in vitamins and has an attractive aroma[141]. 
It is being increasingly used in making fruit juices, especially when 
mixed with other fruits, because of its reputed health benefits[214]. 
Medicinal Uses
Wood - tough, hard, very durable, fine-grained. Used for fine 
carpentry, turning etc[46, 61, 74]. The wood is also used for fuel and 
charcoal[146].

Disclaimer
Astringent; Cancer; Cardiac; Poultice; Tonic; Vermifuge.
The twigs and leaves contain 4 - 5% tannin[240]. They are astringent 
and vermifuge[7, 100].








Propagation
Seed - sow spring in a sunny position in a cold frame[78]. Germination 
is usually quick and good although 3 months cold stratification may 
improve the germination rate. Alternatively the seed can be sown in a 
cold frame as soon as it is ripe in the autumn. Prick out the seedlings 
into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow on 
in a greenhouse for their first winter. Plant out in late spring into 
their permanent positions. Male seedlings, in spring, have very 
prominent axillary buds whilst females are clear and smooth at this 
time[78].

Cuttings of half-ripe wood, June/July in a frame[200]. Difficult[113]. 
This is the easiest method of vegetative propagation[214].

Cuttings of mature wood in autumn[200]. Difficult[113]. The cuttings 
should be taken at the end of autumn or very early in the spring before 
the buds burst. Store them in sand and peat until April, cut into 7 - 
9cm lengths and plant them in a plastic tent with bottom heat[214]. 
Rooting should take place within 2 months and they can be put in their 
permanent positions in the autumn[214].

Division of suckers in the winter. They can be planted out direct into 
their permanent positions and usually establish well and quickly[K].

Layering in autumn[200].


God Luck,
Jude


Agro-Ecology Northwest
Cascadia Landscape Design
1161 Lincoln Street
Eugene, Oregon 97401
541-342-1160
hobbsj@efn.org
www.cascadiapermaculture.com




------------------------------

Message: 2
Date: Fri, 5 Mar 2004 20:27:45 +1100
From: "Naomi & Rick Coleman" 
Subject: [permaculture] permaculture in Peru and elsewhere
To: 

Message-ID: <006301c40294$2172bf00$ba01a8c0@thebox>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"

Hi everyone, we have had a number of requests by email lately from people 
wanting to volunteer on permaculture projects, particularly in Peru, but also 
other places. Peru seems to feature because Rick has worked there and its on 
our website, but we cant give details of that project because of our contract.

Firstly, are there any projects in Peru that would take volunteers? I can 
forward the request emails on, but I don't know the people at all so wasnt 
sure whether I should do that. They usually dont give a lot of background 
information... I personally think that a volunteer needs to have at least a 
PDC or they are using up valuable resources rather than contributing to a 
project.

Is there a current list anywhere that details projects... I know this has 
been discussed on this list and the oceania one, but dont know how far that 
has got.

Looking forward to people's thoughts on this...
Naomi








------------------------------

Message: 3
Date: Fri, 05 Mar 2004 11:35:51 +0000
From: Richard Morris 
Subject: [permaculture] [Fwd: Alternative greenhouse crops]
To: PC USA 
, PCUK

, veganorganic@yahoogroups.com,
"pfaf@yahoogroups.com" 

Message-ID: <40486617.80209@pfaf.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed

Hi all,
I received this questionaire on alternative
greenhouse crops and I guess someone out there might
have some useful feed back for Gary.
If you do fill in please tell him I sent you.

ttfn

Rich

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Alternative greenhouse crops
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2004 09:12:42 -0800
From: Gary Jones 
To: webmaster@pfaf.org

Dear Colleague,

I am a Horticulture Instructor at Kwantlen University College, near
Vancouver, BC. I am currently on educational leave and am undertaking an
investigation into 'alternative greenhouse edible crops'. I have come
across your name during a web survey of this topic.

During the next week or so, I will be sending to you a short
questionnaire, in the form of an attached 'Word' document. I would like
very much if you could spare the 35 minutes it would take to complete
it, and return it to me. Your input will be very helpful.
(text version below).

Should you have any questions, please write to me at this e-mail
address, or at my home e-mail (_jones6@shaw.ca_), or call me at home on
(001) 604-513-3944.

Best wishes,

Gary Jones, M.Sc., MIoH.
Horticulture Instructor (Production Dept.),
School of Horticulture,
Kwantlen University College,
12666 - 72nd Avenue,
Surrey, BC
Canada V3W 2M8
Tel (001) 604 599 3311
Fax (001) 604 599 3277


Questionnaire for Educators, Researchers.

Name of respondent:................................. 
Organisation:...........................

Address: ................................................. Telephone 
number:...................
................................................... E-mail 
address:........................
.................................................. 

Primary job role:.............................. Years in fresh produce 
industry:............

Primary field of 
interest:............................................................................



1. Very approximately, what is the value of each of the following in 
your geographical area:
a. Greenhouse edibles: $.................US/cdn (please circle currency)
b. Field grown edibles: $..................US/cdn (please circle currency)

2. What are the main edible crops produced?
a. 
Greenhouse.....................................................................
..........................................................................................
...........................................................................................
...........................................................................................
b. Field 
grown.......................................................................
............................................................................................
............................................................................................
............................................................................................

3. How many of these crops are 'non-traditional' (commercially grown for 
less than the last 10 years)? 
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

4. What is your understanding of the term 'alternative' edible crops?
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................


5. What does the term 'exotic crops' means to you and the growers in 
your area, if different from the answer to question 4?
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

6. Have growers or marketing groups in your area considered growing or 
selling other edible crops?
Yes Go to question 7.
No Go to question 12.

7. If yes, which crops are these?
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

8. If yes, did they actually make the change?
a. Yes............ (go to question 9)
b. No............. (go to question 10)

9. If yes to question 8, what actually convinced them to make the switch?
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

10. If no to question 8, what convinced them not to make the switch?
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

11. What criteria are important to you / growers in your area when 
deciding whether or not to switch to another crop? (then go to question 12)
............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................


12. If no to question 6, what stopped growers in your area from 
considering any new crops?
............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

13. Do you think growers in your area will consider growing different 
crops in the next 3-5 years?
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

14. If you or growers in your area were looking for another crop to 
grow, what would be the factors that would rate as high priority for a 
new crop?
............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

15. In general terms, please suggest 3 ways in which you think growers 
could improve the profitability of their businesses. (e.g. new 
varieties, new species, pest management, marketing, improved crop 
nutrition, staff training, etc, etc). Please list in priority order, 
with the most important first.
......1...................................................................................................
......2...................................................................................................
......3...................................................................................................

16. Time for crystal -ball gazing and self-indulgence. If money and time 
were no object (wouldn't that be nice!) and you could investigate one 
particular aspect of the fresh produce industry that you think could 
revolutionise profitability of the industry, what would it be?
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

17. Penultimate question: do you think there are any questions I have 
not asked? (If 'yes', go to question 18. If 'no', go to 'further comments'.)
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

18. Finally, please ask that question here, and supply your answer.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................


Please add any further comments:
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

=== message truncated ===

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