OTHER
SITES
The following links relate to the duckweeds or closely related topics:
Duckweed Images
Wayne Armstrong's Treatment of the Lemnaceae:
- Professor Armstrong's website provides a good introduction to the Lemnaceae family. The site's highlight is an excellent series of indexed closeup images of North American Lemnaceae. There is also a good introductory technical brief on the duckweeds. Professor Armstrong's enthusiasm for duckweed is palpable. This site is highly recommended!
Wayne's Word: The World's Smallest Flowering Plant
- Professor Armstrong provides a whimsical description of his first encounter with the "elusive" Wolffia. The Wayne's Word series marvels at the wonders of nature, and its treatment of Wolffia is consistent with that theme. There are two excellent pictures featuring W. columbiana and W. borealis. This site is highly recommended.
University of Florida Center for Aquatic Plants - Aquatic Plant Information Retrieval System.
- Aquatic plant particulars and photographs series providing brief descriptions with photographs of Lemna valdiviana and Spirodela polyrrhiza. The L. valdiviana photograph lacks clarity, but the closeup shot of S. polyrrhiza in natural conditions is excellent.
Duckweed Closeups in Sunol regional park, near the Little Yosemite area
- Jef Poskanzer, amateur photographer, shares a vision of duckweed in Yosemite. Judging by the color, we prescribe a new lens for Jef, or some nitrogen for the duckweed. Failing that . . . some grass carp to get rid of that mess.
Duckweed -- Basic Science
Family: Lemnaceae (Duckweed Family)
- Information Navigation, Inc. Hypermedia Products of Durham, NC (presumably a Duke University spinoff) shows the Lemnaceae family in a "Monocot" perspective.
EEB Holdings in the Lemnaceae
Biochemical Journal Abstract: Inositol phosphates in the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza
- C.A. Brearley and D.E. Hanke undertake an analysis of the inositol phosphates of Spirodela polyrhiza at a developmental stage when massive accumulation of InsP6 indicates that a large net synthesis is
occurring.
University of Exeter CBRU Species Details: Lemna minor L.
- A map, presumably showing Lemna minor, or as the British call it, "Duck's Meat" sitings in the UK.
Wetlands Abstracts - v.16(2) DUCKWEED (LEMNACEAE)AS HABITAT FOR MACROINVERTEBRATES IN EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA
- Craig A. Harper and Eric G. Bolen of UNC Wilmington, report that duckweed communities offer an important habitat for macroinvertebrates, which in turn are a source of animal protein for wetland birds (e.g., breeding wood ducks).
The Center for Duckweed Research & Development
- Funded by the Australian Government, UNE has an enviable reputation as a provider of advanced research training.
Manual de la Flora de Costa Rica: Lemnaceae (Lemnaceae flowers of Costa Rica)
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad and the Missouri Botanical Gardens provide a listing of Lemna, Spirodela and Wolffiella species (by speciman) holdings.
Duckweed -- Wastewater Treatment
APROVECHAMIENTO DE PLANTAS ACUATICAS PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES.
- Eugenia Olguín, Elizabeth Hernández, Patricia Coutiño and Rosalía González provide a brief spanish language review of wastewater treatment using aquatic plants.
Duckweed is low-cost water purifier
- Anne E. Platt of The Worldwatch Institute provides answers to questions concerning the Lemnaceae family in the context of the Louisville University Sciboard News Service.
Evaluation of Artificial Wetlands for Filtering of Agricultural Waste Waters - Annotated Bibliography: Pennywort and Duckweed Marsh System for Upgrading Wastewater Effluent from a Mechanical Package Plant
- R. Wolverton and R. McCaleb recommend use of duckweed or pennywort to bridge the winter gap for wastewater treatment. Efficiency is compared to water hyacinth systems.
Evaluation of Artificial Wetlands for Filtering of Agricultural Waste Waters - Annotated Bibliography: The Use of Duckweed for Wastewater Treatment
- J. Zirschky and S.C. Reed, discuss the pros and cons of duckweed-based wastewater treatment.
Evaluation of Artificial Wetlands for Filtering of Agricultural Waste Waters - Annotated Bibliography: Duckweed Culture for Reduction of Ammonia, Phosphorous, and Suspended Solids from Algal Rich Water
- Koles, S.M., Petrell, R.J., and Bagnall, L.O. (1987) evaluate a duckweed culture system for efficiency in removal of ammonium and phosphorous, reduction of TSS and biomass production.
Evaluation of Artificial Wetlands for Filtering of Agricultural Waste Waters - Annotated Bibliography: The Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time and Duckweed Cropping Rate on Nutrient Removal from Dairy Barn Wastewater
- Whitehead, A.J., Lo, K.V. and Bulley, N.R. (1987) report on the results of laboratory experiments to study the effect of duckweed harvesting intensity and hydraulic retention time on nutrient removal from simulated dairy barn wastewater.
Duckweed in Ho Chi Minh City
- Macalester University (faculty?) report an environmental disaster in Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh City, but give the city some credit for a taking environmentally friendly steps, such as a wastewater treatment system which makes use of duckweed in a wetlands context for partial treatment.
Versatility of Wetlands in the Agricultural Landscape - Conference Abstracts: Wetlands using Black Willow, Duckweed, and Water Hyacinth for Upgrading Dairy Lagoon Effluent
- Professor S. Chen of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; School of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, LSU Baton Rouge compares the results of tertiary treatment of dairy waste by duckweed and water hyacinth systems. Hyacinth does a bit better. We recommend Professor Chen review his duckweed aquaculture paradigm. Maintained with no open spaces and harvested regularly, duckweed should outperform hyacinth.
Usenet Extract: Sewage treatment via plants
- Joe Castiglione reports on Lemna Corporation's duckweed-based wastewater treatment system at Devil's Lake, North Dakota.
Duckweed -- Aquaculture and Animal Feed
DUCKWEED - A POTENTIAL HIGH-PROTEIN FEED RESOURCE FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND FISH
- R.A. Leng, J.H. Stambolie and R. Bell of the Centre for Duckweed Research & Development (University of New England Armidale, NSW 2351 AUSTRALIA) provide a good survey article of duckweed and its known applications - as an agent for wastewater treatment and as a feed ingredient for fish, poultry and livestock.
Innovation_in_Vietnam
- Michael Gibbs, in a letter to the Agriculture & Environment Mailing List forwards a note from Professor Ron Leng of the University of New England describing innovative duckweed aquaculture applications in Vietnam.
First FAO Electronic Conference on Tropical Feeds and Feeding Systems: Evaluation of tropical feed resources for ruminant livestock
- Professor Ron Leng of the UNE (Armidale, Australia) reports that duckweed is a useful source of N, P, S and K mineral supplementation for ruminants.
MSU Cooperative Extension Service Report: Grass Carp in Mississippi Farm Ponds
- Dr. Martin W. Brunson reports that grass carp prefer duckeed, but will eat just about anything green. He also reports that they should taste good to intrepid residents of Mississippi. We concur and can suggest numerous Bangladeshis, Chinese and Thais who will testify to that fact.
Duckweed -- Aquatic Weed Management
What is Duckweed?
- University of Nebraska (Lincoln) brief home truths about duckweed. Another perspective, but hopefully more positive in the future as everyone learns how wonderful duckweed is.
Aquatic Weed Identification and Control: Water Hyacinth and Duckweed 95% Aquatic Weed Identification and Control
- The dark side of duckweed exposed! Duckweed is considered to be a pest in the southern states of the US, where it covers the surface of thousands of acres of pond and swamps. We recommend harvesting the multi million ton standing crop and feeding to livestock. Are you listening, Lester Brown?
Monitoring Duckweed by means of Airborne False Colour Video.
- Jos Bakker of Synoptics reports that: . . . "to monitor duckweed in inland water bodies Airborne False Colour Video can be used, but for the processeing of the images conventional techniques do not suffice. New techniques have to be developed, like the 'transect methodology'." All this to identify duckweed so that it can be removed as a pest? We suggest the Dutch make positive use of their duckweed resources to treat the swine waste crisis, which has reached critical proportions.
The Water Drainage Information System
- Wisse van de Guchte of Synoptics' Survey Department reports on the Dutch Government's Water Drainage Information System, (WIS)which combines airborne video monitoring with GIS, to produce an effective means of monitoring duckweed coverage on the Netherland's lakes and waterways.
Duckweed -- In Aquaria
Duckweed Lowers Aquarium Nitrates
- Aquarium buffs Matthew Kaufman and Doug Knowles marvel at duckweed's efficiency at treating aquarium (fish) water. Try feeding to the fish as well guys. . .
Duckweeds are Beneficial Water Plants
- Koi grower David Sorenson reports that Lemna minor will grow in Koi ponds and that fish "devour" the plants. We recommend he tries feeding Lemna minor to his gold fish as well - it has a catnip effect on the little critters. You will discover that they are actually fun to observe for a change. The possibilities are endless . . . a sunday afternoon Koi - duckweed party for friends and neighbors . . . Come over and watch my Koi perform . . .
Re: Aquatic Plants Digest Subject: What's this duckweed stuff?
- This usenet extract provides a less than ringing endorsement of duckweed by aquarium fish buffs.
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Questions may be addressed by e-mail to: William Spira at spirawm@greengold.com
Last Updated: February 7, 1977
The Duckweed
Clearinghouse