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["Alan Haigh" <alandhaigh@gmail.com>]

I forgot to say that I don't worry about aphids and leafhoppers on established trees but in my nursery and especially on recent grafts I like to use a small spray bottle filled with Sevin and Malathion with which I spray only the growing tips.  I believe that a lot of my graft failures are the result of leaf-hoppers who are drawn to the tender shoots after everything else in the tree has hardened off.