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  • From: "Tradingpost" <tradingpost@lobo.net>
  • To: livingontheland@lists.ibiblio.org
  • Subject: [Livingontheland] Ruth Stout's System
  • Date: Tue, 30 Nov 2010 19:40:03 -0700


To me, in this climate, mulch is the other half of no-till. Both work better
with the other - and with permanent beds and aisles. In a nutshell, mulching
and not walking on growing beds leaves soil mosture-retentive and loose
without tilling, and if needed beds can be raised a little for better
drainage. And since mulch deprives weed seeds of sunlight you don't need to
hoe or cultivate - and can't anyway with mulch in the way.

I've always tried to listen to organic writers who knew a lot more than I do.
This works for me and works most places with minor adjustments. In this
climate mulch does something else too: it keeps soil surface cooler and
protects shallow roots, and it keeps rain from compacting and crusting the
soil surface.

Heavy clay soil doesn't percolate well for deep watering, and if waterlogged
doesn't drain properly for good growth. If these methods don't work well with
heavy soil then it's likely plain row gardening won't work either. Greensand
and compost improve heavy soil properties, and also helps sandy soil retain
moisture and nutrients. I have to use both.

I've never thought much about growing without mulch, and always used spoiled
hay - tho I'd forgot she recommended spoiled hay. A note: Ruth grew in single
rows, not intensive beds, and mulching meant covering the entire garden area.
With permanent beds we can get by with mulching a lot less than the whole
garden area.

paul tradingpost@lobo.net
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Ruth Stout's System
Mulch is her key to easier gardening.
By Ruth Stout - February/March 2004
http://www.motherearthnews.com/Organic-Gardening/2004-02-01/Ruth-Stouts-System.aspx

After you have mulched for a few years, your soil will become so rich from
rotting vegetable matter that you can plant much more closely than one dares
to in the old-fashioned way of gardening.

‘Mulch Queen’ Ruth Stout claimed to have smashed saloons with Carry Nation in
Prohibition-era Kansas and worked au natural in her roadside Connecticut
garden, but her labor-saving, soil-improving, permanent garden mulching
technique is what earned herlasting fame. Stout was born in 1884 and lived to
be 96; by the1950s, she was writing lively gardening books, including How to
Have a Green Thumb Without an Aching Back and Gardening Without Work. Both
are out of print, but Stout's technique remains consistent with the "no-till"
gardening methods soil experts recommend today (see Building Fertile Soil).
We thought you might enjoy meeting Stout through this excerpt from Gardening
Without Work, which was reprinted most recently byThe Lyons Press. — Mother
----------
My no-work gardening method is simply to keep a thick mulch of any vegetable
matter that rots on both my vegetable and flower garden all year round. As it
decays and enriches the soil, I add more. The labor-saving part of my system
is that I never plow, spade, sow a cover crop, harrow, hoe, cultivate, weed,
water or spray. I use just one fertilizer (cottonseed or soybean meal), and I
don't go through that tortuous business of building a compost pile.

I beg everyone to start with a mulch 8 inches deep; otherwise, weeds may come
through, and it would be a pity to be discouraged at the very start. But when
I am asked how many bales (or tons) of hay are necessary to cover any given
area, I can't answer from my own experience, for I gardened in this way for
years before I had any idea of writing about it, and therefore didn't keep
track of such details.

However, I now have some information on this from Dick Clemence, my
A-Number-One adviser. He says, "I should think of 25 50-pound bales as about
the minimum for 50 feet by 50 feet, or about a half-ton of loose hay. That
should give a fair starting cover, but an equal quantity in reserve would be
desirable." That is a better answer than the one I have been giving, which
is: You need at least twice as much as you would think.
What Should I Use for Mulch?

Spoiled or regular hay, straw, leaves, pine needles, sawdust, weeds, garbage
— any vegetable matter that rots.
Don't Some Leaves Decay Too Slowly?

No, they just remain mulch longer, which cuts down on labor. Don't they mat
down? If so, it doesn't matter because they are between the rows of growing
things and not on top of them. Can one use leaves without hay? Yes, but a
combination of the two is better, I think.

What is spoiled hay? It's hay that for some reason isn't good enough to feed
livestock. It may have, for instance, become moldy — if it was moist when put
in the haymow — but it is just as effective for mulching as good hay, and a
great deal cheaper.

Shouldn't the hay be chopped? Well, I don't have mine chopped and I don't
have a terrible time — and I'm 76 and no stronger than the average person.

Can you use grass clippings? Yes, but unless you have a huge lawn or have
neighbors who will collect them for you, they don't go very far.
How Do You Sow Seeds into the Mulch?

You plant exactly as you always have, in the Earth. You pull back the mulch
and put the seeds in the ground and cover them just as you would if you had
never heard of mulching.
Isn't It Bad to Mulch with Hay That May Be Full of Weed Seeds?

If the mulch is thick enough, the weeds can't come through it.

One man in a group I addressed was determined not to let me get away with
claiming that it was all right to throw a lot of hay full of grass seeds on
one's garden, and the rest of the audience was with him. I was getting
nowhere and was bordering on desperation, when, finally, I asked him:

"If you were going to make a lawn, would you plant the grass seed and then
cover it with several inches of hay?" Put that way, he at last realized that
a lot of hay on top of tiny seeds would keep them from germinating.

However, it's true that you can lay chunks of baled hay between the rows of
vegetables in your garden and, in a wet season, have a hearty growth of weeds
right on top of the hay. To kill unwanted weeds all you need do is turn over
the chunk of hay. Now, this isn't much of a job but some ardent disciples of
my system are capable of getting indignant with me (in a nice way, of course)
because they are put to that bother. I have relieved them of all plowing,
hoeing, cultivating, weeding, watering, spraying and making compost piles;
how is it that I haven't thought of some way to avoid this turning over of
those chunks of hay?
How Can You Safely Plant Little Seeds Between 8-inch Walls of Mulch?

One can't, of course, but almost before one gets through spreading it, the
mulch begins to settle and soon becomes a 2- or 3-inch compact mass rather
than an 8-inch fluffy one. It will no doubt be walked on, and rain may come;
in any case, it will settle. As a matter of fact you won't need 8 inches to
start if you use solid chunks of baled hay.
Many People Want to Know Why I Don't Use Manure and What I Have Against It

I have nothing at all against it; in fact, I have a somewhat exaggerated
respect for it. But I no longer need it; the ever-rotting mulch takes its
place.

I sort of complained, in my first book, that no one ever wrote an ode to
manure, and through the years since then at least a half-dozen people have
sent me poems they composed about manure piles.

I have been asked over and over if such things as sawdust and oak leaves
should be avoided, the idea being that they make the soil too acidic. I use
sawdust, primarily around raspberries, with excellent results. We have no oak
trees, therefore I can't answer that question from experience, but I
certainly wouldn't hesitate to use them; then, if it turned out that they
were making the soil acidic, I would add some wood ashes or lime. I've had
reports from a great many gardeners who have used both sawdust and oak leaves
over their entire garden and have found them satisfactory.

How Often Do You Put on Mulch?

Whenever you see a spot that needs it. If weeds begin to peep through
anywhere, just toss an armful of hay on them. What time of year do you start
to mulch? The answer is now, whatever the date may be, or at least begin to
gather your material. At the very least give the matter constructive thought
at one; make plans. If you are intending to use leaves, you will
unfortunately have to wait until they fall, but you can be prepared to make
use of them the moment they drop. Should you spread manure and plow it under
before you mulch? Yes, if your soil isn't very rich; otherwise, mulch alone
will answer the purpose.
How Far Apart Are the Rows?

Exactly the same distance as if you weren't mulching — that is, when you
begin to use my method. However, after you have mulched for a few years, your
soil will become so rich from rotting vegetable matter that you can plant
much more closely than one dares to in the old-fashioned way of gardening.
How Long Does the Mulch Last?

That depends on the kind you use. Try always to have some in reserve, so that
it can replenished as needed.
Now for the Million Dollar Question: Where Do You Get Mulch?

That's difficult to answer but I can say this: If enough people in any
community demand it, I believe that someone will be eager to supply it. At
least that's what happened within a distance of 100 miles or so of us in
Connecticut, and within a year after my book came out, anyone in that radius
could get all the spoiled hay they wanted at 65 cents a bale.

If you belong to a garden club, why can't you all get together and create a
demand for spoiled hay? If you don't belong to a group, you probably at least
know quite a few people who garden and who would be pleased to join the
project.

Use all the leaves you can find. Clip your cornstalks into footlength pieces
and use them. Utilize your garbage, tops of perennials, any and all vegetable
matter that rots. In many localities, the utility companies grind up the
branches they cut off when they clear the wires; and often they are glad to
dump them near your garden, with no charge. But hurry up before they find out
that there is a big demand for them and they decide to make a fast buck.
These wood chips make a splendid mulch; I suggest you just ignore anyone who
tells you they are too acidic.

Recently, a man reproached me for making spoiled hay so popular that he can
no longer get it for nothing. The important fact, however, is that it has
become available and is relatively cheap. The other day a neighbor said to
me, "Doesn't it make you feel good to see the piles of hay in so many yards
when you drive around?" It does make me feel fine.

Now and then I am asked (usually by an irritated expert) why I think I
invented mulching. Well, naturally, I don't think so; God invented it simply
by deciding to have the leaves fall off the trees once a year. I don't even
think that I'm the first, or only person, who thought up my particular
variety of year-round mulching, but apparently I'm the first to make a big
noise about it — writing, talking, demonstrating.

And since in the process of spreading this great news, I have run across many
thousands who never heard of the method, and a few hundred who think it is
insane and can't possibly work, and only two people who had already tried it,
is it surprising that I have carelessly fallen into the bad habit of sounding
as though I thought I originated it?

But why should we care who invented it? Dick Clemence works hard trying to
get people to call it the "Stout System," which is good because it should
have some sort of a short name for people to use when they refer to it,
instead of having to tell the whole story each time. I suppose it does more
or less give me a feeling of importance when I come across an article
mentioning the Stout System, yet I am cheated out of the full value of that
sensation because I've never been able really to identify the whole thing
with that little girl who was certainly going to be great and famous some
day. What a disgusted look she would have given anyone who would have offered
her the title of Renowned Mulcher!

And it borders on the unenthralling to have the conversation at social
gatherings turn to slugs and cabbageworms the minute I show up. And if some
professor of psychology, giving an association-of-ideas test to a bunch of
gardeners, should say "moldy hay" or "garbage," I'm afraid that some of them
would come out with "Ruth Stout." Would anyone like that?

If you want to learn more about the Stout System, you can locate copies of
Ruth Stout's books through a used bookseller. You also can order the VHS or
DVD video Ruth Stout's Garden from Gardenworks. http://www.gardenworks.cc/









  • [Livingontheland] Ruth Stout's System, Tradingpost, 11/30/2010

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