Healthy soil and sustainable growing

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To Fight Global Warming and Prevent Hunger, We Need to Change How We Grow Our 
Food
By Yifat Susskind, MADRE. Posted December 15, 2009.
Unless we control global climate change, caused in part by industrial 
farming, agricultural output across the world is likely to plummet.
http://www.alternet.org/environment/144586/to_fight_global_warming_and_prevent_hunger%2C_we_need_to_change_how_we_grow_our_food/?page=entire

We tend to think of cars as the main culprits in climate change. But 
industrial agriculture, with its fossil-fuel-based fertilizers and 
pesticides, monoculture plantations, fuel-guzzling global transport system, 
and clear-cutting of carbon-absorbing forests is the source of as much as 
half of the world's carbon emissions.

Moreover, the way we grow our food is now threatening our ability to produce 
enough food to feed the world. Unless we control global climate change, 
caused in part by industrial farming, agricultural output across the world is 
likely to plummet.

In Latin America, climate change may bring a 25 percent drop in crop yields 
within two generations; in Sudan that number is a frightening 50 percent.

Isn't Industrial Agriculture Necessary to Feed the World Population?

    * Big agribusiness says its goal is to "feed a growing world." But its 
actions prioritize profit over even the basic right to food.
    * Industrial agriculture is actually a cause of world hunger. It has made 
farmers dependent on expensive inputs like pesticides, chemical fertilizers 
and genetically modified seeds.
    * Millions of formerly self-reliant farming families have been driven off 
their land, unable to compete as the world's farmland is consolidated into 
fewer and fewer hands.
    * Export agriculture uses huge inputs of petroleum to fuel its massive 
global transportation infrastructure and often requires farmers to grow 
non-food crops like coffee and tea.
    * Small, diverse farms actually grow more food per unit area than large 
single-crop plantations. But industrial agriculture is more profitable per 
unit area, which is why we often hear that large farms are "more efficient."

Are High-Tech Solutions the Answer to Climate Change?

    * Many corporations, foundations and governments are promoting synthetic 
fertilizers, genetically modified (GM) organisms and hybrid plants and seeds 
as solutions to world hunger.
    * Yet, the overuse of fertilizers and chemicals is degrading the quality 
of soils and contaminating ecosystems globally, making it harder to grow 
enough food.
    * The claim that GM crops generate higher yields has been debunked.
    * GM crops disrupt farmers' traditional practice of saving and trading 
seeds. Farmers who once bred seeds are turned into a captive market for 
biotech companies.
    * Finally, "high-tech" solutions do nothing to address the real causes of 
hunger, which are political and economic factors such as poverty, inequality 
and poor access to land, food and markets.

Why are Smallholder Farmers Important for Climate Change Adaptation?

    * These farmers use far less energy and rely on methods that actually 
cool the planet by putting carbon back into the soil.
    * According to the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 
"small-scale sustainable farms have been found to emit between one-half and 
two-thirds less carbon dioxide for every acre of production" than industrial 
farms.

Why Are These "Women's Issues?"

    * The majority of smallholder farmers are women who grow as much as 80 
percent of the world's food.
    * Women have expertise in small-scale agriculture, preservation of 
biodiversity, water collection, seed banking and more. These are the very 
methods that international institutions now recognize as the basis for a 
sustainable response to climate change.
    * Because of poverty and gender discrimination, farmers are denied a 
meaningful say in policies that affect them. Moreover, sustainable farming is 
being threatened by industrial agricultural policies that undermine the 
health of the planet and all of us who live on it.

What Methods Will Help Smallholder Farmers Adapt To Climate Change?

    * Forgoing expensive and toxic fertilizers and pesticides in favor of 
organic methods of enhancing soil and controlling pests.
    * Improving ways to conserve and manage water.
    * Growing diverse crops and integrating crop and livestock management
    * Developing seeds that can adapt to drought and other impacts of climate 
change
    * Strengthening community self-reliance through seed banks and farmers' 
associations
    * Building political momentum for small farmers--especially women--to 
play a meaningful role in policy-making.

What Policies Would Support Such Practices?

Those that defend rural communities who have historically maintained the 
world's ecosystems--and the climate. We need policies that:

    * Guarantee women small-scale farmers access to land, seeds, water, 
credit and other inputs and ensure that national legal frameworks uphold 
women's property rights.
    * End the privatization and monopolization of seeds by a handful of 
corporations.
    * Recognize food as first and foremost a human right and only secondarily 
a tradable commodity.
    * Support a process to establish an international Convention to implement 
the concept of food sovereignty, whereby communities control their own food 
systems.
    * Respect the right of small farmers to save and exchange seeds between 
communities and internationally, without penalties from agribusiness 
corporations.
    * Convert national agricultural subsidies from support for agribusiness 
to incentives for sustainable farming.

What's the Bottom Line?

Sustainable farming is our best bet for feeding a growing world population 
and restoring the health of the planet and the stability of the climate. 
That's the conclusion of a 2008 United Nations report on Africa that found 
that organic methods produced more food and improve soil, water, biodiversity 
and carbon sequestration.

Worldwide, the vast majority of small-scale, sustainable farmers are women. 
Securing the full range of their human rights -- as women, as workers, and as 
rural and Indigenous Peoples -- is key to empowering them to enact solutions 
on which so much depends.