Biblical Hebrew Forum

[davedonnelly1 <davedonnelly1 AT juno.com>]

Hi Garth and other members of B-hebrew,

Garth, You asked : "Can anyone here derive Yeho- from Yahwe(h)- ?"


Garth, 

I thought that I would try one more time to provide  the link to Wikinfo

This is a different link than I have tried before

http://www.wikinfo.org/index.php/Can_Theophoric_names_be_derived_from_Yah
weh

OR

<http://www.wikinfo.org/index.php/Can_Theophoric_names_be_derived_from_Ya
hweh>

If the link works this time, members of b-hebrew can examine what has
been accomplished at the Wikinfo Article: "Can Theophoric Names be
derived from Yahweh", starting with Section #1


Garth's first reply takes place in Section 3.1


Dave Donnelly
____________________________________________________________
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>From davedonnelly1 AT juno.com  Wed Mar  3 07:12:37 2010
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Subject: Re: [b-hebrew] : Can Yeho be derived from Yahwe(H)?
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Once again the correct link which ends in "_Yahweh ends up reading:
http://www.wikinfo.org/index.php/Can_Theophoric_names_be_derived_from_Yah
when it arrives at b-re;[hebrew.

Click on
http://www.wikinfo.org/index.php/Can_Theophoric_names_be_derived_from_Yah

Which takes you to:
http://www.wikinfo.org/index.php/Can_Theophoric_names_be_derived_from_Yah

Now add "weh" to _Yah  at your window where your Internet address
appears.

and click this correct Internet address

All should be OK nows

Dave Donnelly
____________________________________________________________
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>From JimStinehart AT aol.com  Wed Mar  3 10:58:18 2010
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George Athas asked me off-list whether I have any objective basis for=20
seeing =E2=80=9Csalt sea=E2=80=9D at Genesis 14: 3 as referring to the Med=
iterranean Sea, rather=20
than the conventional view which sees such reference as being to the Dead=
=20
Sea.  Since this is a question of Biblical Hebrew nomenclature, I thought=
=20
that it might be of general interest to the b-hebrew list.
=20
1.  Let us first consider the issue of Bronze Age nomenclature.
=20
(a)  Many scholars see chapter 14 of Genesis as having been composed in th=
e=20
Bronze Age, long before the later books in the Bible were composed.  =E2=
=80=9C
Genesis xiv stands alone among all the accounts in the Pentateuch, if not=
 indeed=20
in the Bible as a whole.  =E2=80=A6The date of the narrative has been vari=
ously=20
estimated.  =E2=80=A6A fresh re-examination of all the available scraps of=
 evidence,=20
both internal and external, favors an early date, scarcely later in fact=
 than=20
the middle of the second millennium [BCE].=E2=80=9D  E.A. Speiser, =E2=80=
=9CGenesis=E2=80=9D (1962),=20
at pp. 105-106.  =E2=80=9CThe most enigmatic chapter in Genesis, chapter=
 14, seems=20
to stand utterly alone and without connection to any of the sources or=20
strands of tradition found elsewhere in the book.=E2=80=9D  Walter Bruegge=
mann, Genesis=20
(1980), at p. 134.  =E2=80=9CGenerally it has been held that it [chapter=
 14 of=20
Genesis] does not belong to any of the usual pentateuchal sources, but tha=
t it=20
comes from a special source.  Its annalistic style and international=20
perspective set it apart from J,E, D, or P.  =E2=80=A6[T]he chapter consis=
ts largely of pre-J=20
material=E2=80=A6.  [I]t represents old tradition.  The presence of=E2=80=
=A6some stylistic=20
idiosyncrasies suggests that it may be based on an older written source.=
=E2=80=9D =20
Gordon J. Wenham, =E2=80=9CWorld Biblical Commentary:  Genesis 1-15=E2=80=
=9D (1987), at pp.=20
306-307.  Since it is a realistic possibility that Genesis 14: 1-11 may be=
=20
very old and may have been composed by an early Hebrew who is not the auth=
or=20
of any other books in the Bible, it then follows that it is also a realist=
ic=20
possibility that the author of chapter 14 of Genesis may have used Late=20
Bronze Age geographical nomenclature, rather than using the geographical=
 place=20
names we see in later books of the Bible.
=20
(b)  In a Bronze Age historical context, I myself know of no people who=20
ever referred to the Dead Sea as =E2=80=9Csalt sea=E2=80=9D.  By sharp con=
trast, the=20
Mediterranean Sea was often seen by ancient peoples as being the quintesse=
ntial salt=20
sea, the embodiment of the salt water that surrounded the earth.  The most=
=20
obvious example of that way of ancient thinking is at Ugarit.  =E2=80=9CYa=
m, the=20
owner of salt water, gave place to Baal as the genius of rainfall and=20
vegetation....=E2=80=9D  =E2=80=9CWorld Mythology Dictionary=E2=80=9D.  No=
te that Yam is associated with salt=20
sea/salt water/the Mediterranean Sea.  Scholar Mark Smith draws a direct=
=20
parallel here to the Bible: =20
=20
=E2=80=9CBaal confronts four foes with basically the same names in the Uga=
ritic=20
material and Yahweh in the Bible:  Sea (Hebrew yam, Ugaritic ym)=E2=80=A6.=
  [J]ust as=20
these cosmic enemies are mentioned as Baal=E2=80=99s or Anat=E2=80=99s old=
 enemies, they are=20
known in Israelite tradition as enemies of Yahweh, the warrior god.  Three=
=20
of these enemies appear in Psalm 74: 12-17:  =E2=80=98Yet, O God, my king=
 from of=20
old,/Maker of deliverance throughout the world,/You are the one who smashe=
d=20
Sea [YM] with your Might=E2=80=A6.=E2=80=99=E2=80=9D  Mark Smith, =E2=80=
=9CThe Origins of Biblical=20
Monotheism: Israel's Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts=E2=80=
=9D, at p. 36.
=20
2.  Secondly, in the specific context of Genesis 14: 3, the early Hebrew=
=20
author needed to clarify whether the =E2=80=9CValley of Tilled Fields=E2=
=80=9D/%DYM he is=20
referencing there is the Beqa Valley or the Orontes River Valley, since=20
historically the Hittites fought in both places in Year 14.  By referencin=
g =E2=80=9Csalt=20
sea=E2=80=9D, the Hebrew author clarifies that the =E2=80=9CValley of Till=
ed Fields=E2=80=9D at=20
Genesis 14: 3 is not the Beqa Valley, because although that valley of till=
ed=20
fields is fairly near a freshwater lake (Lake Merom, north of the Sea of=
=20
Galilee), it is nowhere near any salt sea.  Rather, the Orontes River Vall=
ey is=20
being referenced at Genesis 14: 3;  the Orontes River Valley (in western=
=20
Syria) is a valley of tilled fields that is near the salt sea, that is, th=
e=20
Mediterranean Sea.  (The Orontes River empties into the nearby Mediterrane=
an=20
Sea.)  The Jordan River Valley, by contrast, though being near a salt sea=
 (the=20
Dead Sea), is definitely  n-o-t  a =E2=80=9CValley of Tilled Fields=E2=80=
=9D, as the land in=20
the Jordan River Valley is generally too poor for settled agriculture (as=
=20
opposed to the Jezreel Valley, the Beqa Valley, and the Orontes River Vall=
ey,=20
all of which are =E2=80=9Cvalleys of tilled fields=E2=80=9D).  I go with=
 the view of most=20
scholars that the root of %DYM is %DD, meaning =E2=80=9Cto plow (a field)=
=E2=80=9D.  Thus=20
the Valley of Siddim/%DYM at Genesis 14: 3 must be a valley of tilled fiel=
ds,=20
like the Beqa Valley or the Orontes Valley, not the Jordan River Valley or=
=20
the Arabah.
=20
3.  Thus on balance, a review of the objective facts reveals that in a Lat=
e=20
Bronze Age historical context, and in the context of what is being=20
described at Genesis 14: 1-11, the reference at Genesis 14: 3 to =E2=80=9C=
salt sea=E2=80=9D is more=20
likely to the Mediterranean Sea than to the Dead Sea.  Since many scholars=
=20
see chapter 14 of Genesis as being older than the rest of the Bible, and=
 as=20
having been composed by a different author than the rest of the Bible, it=
=20
does not make sense to insist that =E2=80=9Csalt sea=E2=80=9D at Genesis=
 14: 3 must of=20
necessity have the same meaning as =E2=80=9Csalt sea=E2=80=9D in later boo=
ks in the Bible, which=20
likely were written long after the Bronze Age.  Rather, we should look to=
=20
Bronze Age usage of the term, while also examining how the term is being=
 used=20
in the specific context of Genesis 14: 1-11.  In my view, an objective=20
review of the relevant facts favors =E2=80=9Csalt sea=E2=80=9D at Genesis=
 14: 3 as referencing=20
the Mediterranean Sea, not the Dead Sea.
=20
Jim Stinehart
Evanston, Illinois=20