Biblical Hebrew Forum

["Robert Newman" <rob AT designceramics.co.uk>]

Dear John, you write:

The "timeline" contained in BibleWorks shows  a 
Darius III from 336BC to 331BC and
Darius Nothus  423BC to 404BC and
Darius Hystaspis 521BC to 486
Who are these and what is known about them?
It also says that Darius was defeated at Marathon 
490BC but it does not say which this was!
John B. Senterfitt 

RN: I guess this question is prompted by an earlier post by Liz Fried who 
wrote:

So, we are back to Daniel again. Who are the three kings or four in Daniel 
11:2? The fourth one is Darius who was conquered by Alexander, he is Darius 
the Persian. The first one is Darius the Mede, then Cyrus. Then Ahasueros, 
then Darius the Persian Those are the four kings.

The difficulty is that they know that Darius is the king conquered by 
Alexander, but they do not know of more than one Darius. Thus the Rabbis, 
Seder Olam, and I presume Daniel, considers that the Artaxerxes under whom 
both Nehemiah and Ezra served is the throne name of Darius the Persian.
Best,
Liz Fried

RN:
Daniel 11:1 mentions the time of 'Darius the Mede' as a start point. Darius 
the Mede ruled for a time after Cyrus took Babylon, all the other kings of 
the Medeo-persian empire were Persian. The three Darius' you ask about are 
Persian kings.

Daniel 11:2 The three kings to stand up for Persia are either Cyrus, 
Cambyses, Darius I (ommitting Bardiya because he may have only ruled for only 
a few months) or as I prefer Cambyses, Bardiya, Darius I (It makes sense not 
to count Cyrus, who was already standing as a king of Persia). Another option 
would be Cyrus, Cambyses, Bardiya, this latter option points to Darius I as 
the forth king.

King Darius I (Hystaspis) did campaign against the Grecian states (it was he 
that was forced to retreat at marathon in Greecian territory), but it was the 
next king called Xerxes who truely roused everything against the Greecian 
states with a campaign to dwalf all others. According to information recorded 
by Herodotus, Xerxes army would have amounted to some 2,317,610 men.so we 
must conclude that Xerxes is refered to as the forth king (hence why I 
conclude either Bardiya or Cyrus is not included in the three. A study of the 
dated cuniform documents extant from Bardiya's reign by Rolf Furuli suggests 
that he likely ruled about 18 months, which seems like too long a rule to 
ignore, Cyrus however was already ruling, so why would he be counted as one 
who would stand up?). 

There were several kings that followed Xerxes to the Persian throne and none 
of those kings took war into Greece. The campaign of Xerxes is of great 
significance as Persia's greatest effort to subdue the Greeks. Yet despite 
that, it was from Macedonia that a mighty king eventually rose. (I see no 
reason to conclude that the forth king of Daniel 11:2 is that last of 
Persia's kings, the words are a satifactory description of real history, the 
mention of four kings is not a full description of the Persian dynasty it is 
just a way of indicating the timing of a momentus event in history)

Following Xerxes was Artaxerxes, then Darius II, Artaxerxes II, Artaxerxes 
III, Artaxerxes IV, then Darius III. It is this last Darius who was defeated 
by young Alexander. Alexander won three major battles against the Persians 
the last of which was at Gaugamela.

regards
Robert Newman
>From chsavelle AT hotmail.com  Thu Sep 21 23:39:28 2006
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Subject: Re: [b-hebrew] Septuagint vs Hebrew, effect on Christianity
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Ben and Liz:

Although it might not address this exact question here, one might want to
look at R. Timothy McLay, The Use of the Septuagint in New Testament
Research. For a more basic work see Jobe and Silva, Invitation to the
Septaugint.

Charles savelle


>From: "Lisbeth S. Fried" <lizfried AT umich.edu>
>To: <b-hebrew AT lists.ibiblio.org>
>Subject: Re: [b-hebrew] Septuagint vs Hebrew, effect on Christianity
>Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2006 10:58:40 -0400
>
>
>Dear Benjamin,
>These are great questions! I think that if there hadn't been an LXX there
>wouldn't have been Christianity. I'd be very interested in any books or
>articles on the subject that you find.
>Liz Fried
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: b-hebrew-bounces AT lists.ibiblio.org
>[mailto:b-hebrew-bounces AT lists.ibiblio.org] On
> > Behalf Of Blankinship, Benjamin
> > Sent: Thursday, September 21, 2006 10:35 AM
> > To: b-hebrew AT lists.ibiblio.org
> > Subject: [b-hebrew] Septuagint vs Hebrew, effect on Christianity
> >
> > Can someone recommend a place to begin research on the following
> > questions:
> >
> > 1. What are the substantive differences between the Septuagint and the
> > Hebrew Bible?
> > 2. What, if any, are the theological implications of those differences?
> > 3. How are those differences related to the difference between Iron-age
> > Judaism and Hellenism?
> > 4. What impact, if any, did these differences have on the early
> > development of Christianity?
> >
> > I think I'd like to begin with a "popular" source, since I'm not a
> > scholar, but one that would lead me into more "scholarly" sources for
> > further investigation.
> >
> > --
> > Ben B
> >
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>
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