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- From: Lloyd Barre <barre AT c-zone.net>
- To: "B-Hebrew" <b-hebrew AT franklin.oit.unc.edu>
- Cc:
- Subject: Sources for reconstructing pre-monarchic Israel
- Date: 05 Feb 99 01:26:47 -0800
Dear Fellow History Buffs,
Although I am not really much of a historian, I am trying to develop a working model for pre- monarchic Israel. So far I have conclude that the most important sources are the El-Amarna letters, the Meneptah stele, the Song of Deborah, the Blessing of Joseph, the Blessing of Moses, the Abimelech narrative, the Jepthath narrative, the Ehud narrative, some of the Gideon Narrative, the narrative found in Judg 17-21, and Ruth. I think that we can get a very clear picture of the political structure of Canaan. The most important political centers were the Canaanite city-states, local kingdoms close to a feudal system. They were the focal points of a political power in Canaan. These kings had a court which included scribes who read and wrote Akkadian and though whom they communicated with the Pharaoh whom he dealt with utmost importance. The following two letters reveal and political profile that was in place during the premonarchic era.&! nbsp; It also helps to understood what the ground from which the united monarchy sprung. To: Pharaoh My Lord, My Sun! From: Biridiya, Governor of Megiddo Your servant renews his oath of loyalty to Pharaoh by bowing to his feet seven times seven times. Pharaoh should know that since he recalled his archers to Egypt, Labayu, Governor of Shechem, has not stopped raiding my territory. We cannot shear our sheep, nor even leave the city for fear of Labayu's soldiers. Because you have not replaced the archers, Labayu is now strong enough to attack the city of Megiddo itself. If Pharaoh does not see fit to reinforce the city, Labayu will capture it. The people of Megiddo are already suffering from hunger and disease. I beg Pharaoh to send one hundred soldiers to protect Megiddo from Labayu or he will certainly capture the city. Labayu answers the charge that he was revolting against Pharaoh by expanding his domain in taking Megiddo in the following correspondence: To: Pharaoh, my Lord, my Sun! Your servant, who is less than the dust under your feet, renews his oath of loyalty to Pharaoh by bowing seven times seven times. I have received Pharaoh's letter. Your fears are unfounded. I am far too insignificant to be a threat to my Pharaoh's lands. I am and always have been a faithful servant of Pharaoh. The proof that I am neither a criminal nor a rebel can be seen in my regular payment of tribute and my willingness to obey all of the commands of your provincial governor. Despite the fact that wicked lies have been spoken against me, my lord Pharaoh has not take the time to look personally into my case. The only crime that can be charged against me is that I invaded Gezer. This is based, however, on the Pharaoh's confiscation of my own lands. Milkilu has committed even worse offenses than I have and no move has been made to take his possessions. On another occasion, Pharaoh wrote me concerning my son. I had no idea that he was consorting with the Harbiru! I have since handed him over to Addaya. Even if my lord wrote concerning my wife, I would not withhold her. I would not even refuse to obey Pharaoh's command to thrust a bronze dagger into my heart! The Abimelech narrative affords something of a close up into the city state at Shechem. I think that there is a misconception that float around with regard to kingship in Israel. Local kingships were the norm at the major cities. The rule of the elders was also a very important element in these kingship as the Abimelech episode illustrates. One is mistaken to think of Canaan and the Israelites as a "emerging people." Socio-political structure of Canaan was old, established significant and strong. Whatever! the actual limits of political power the monarchy, its importance was never less than what it was previous to this political innovation. To think that the monarchy at Jerusalem suddenly shrunk to become some village is to think the impossible. Should there be someone who would like to help me think through the premonarchic era, you thoughts are most welcome. Regards, Lloyd M. Barre, Ph.D. barre AT c-zone.net http://www.angelfire.com/ca2/AncientIsrael "Do I dare  Disturb the universe?"  T.S. Eliot from, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock." (1917) |
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Sources for reconstructing pre-monarchic Israel,
Lloyd Barre, 02/05/1999
- <Possible follow-up(s)>
- Re: Sources for reconstructing pre-monarchic Israel, Irene Riegner, 02/05/1999
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