North American Fruit Explorers mailing list at ibiblio

["R. Keith Etheridge" <goatdoc@ctitech.com>]

Kincaid Illinois is a few miles west of Taylorville Illinois where I was a 
veterinarian. It was created as a coal mining town where a large portion of 
the miners were Italian immigrants.
One of my clients of Italian extraction had a large Carpathian walnut in her 
yard with many dogs.Knowing my interests she shared several nuts with me. 
When they germinated
they produced what appeared to be a black walnut seedlings that I planted. 
I’m a very poor record keeper but I have a tree thirty or more years later 
that produces a pear shape
husk that a appears more fibrous and organized than other black walnuts and 
produced a nut that cracks somewhat easier than the run of the mill.Not dry 
enough to evaluate.
I think at one time the USDA had walnut hybrid station that was terminated 
due to lack of success.
Keith
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Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 16:59:25 -0700
From: Devin Smith <dvidedevo@yahoo.com>
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Subject: Re: [nafex] Preparing clay soil for raspberries
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Jay--

the gravel/sand idea sounds like an engineering paradigm applied to what is 
properly the domain of biology. I don't have experience with true clay soil 
as such, but the silt loam on my site is quite heavy and easily compacted. 
I'd concur on organic matter, though I'd tend to apply much of it to the 
surface rather than till it in. If you are going to till, possible 
supplements you might consider include  porous aggregate (vermiculite is 
good), charcoal, and gypsum (you didn't mention your pH) as it aggregates 
clay particles creating good tilth. No matter what, I would top it off with a 
nice heavy mulch of whatever is available. I'm fond of a layer of leaves and 
grass clippings covered with 4" or o of wood chips. Get the biology going and 
let it do the heavy lifting. I have several rows of raspberries growing in 
4-6" of soil over ledge and they produce well after being mulched heavily.