North American Fruit Explorers mailing list at ibiblio

[Jwlehman@aol.com]

In a message dated 11/29/2011 9:33:16 AM Eastern Standard Time, 
ehilborn@mebtel.net writes:

> 
> I have a D. kaki (Ichi ki kei jiro) that has been bearing for a few 
> years. It is my only D kaki, although we have numerous wild D. 
> virginiana around. My kaki has always produced seedless fruit.
> 
> This year I found 1 seed in a fruit. I don't know if it is viable, but I 
> would like to try to germinate it. I am suspecting if it is viable, it 
> will produce a hybrid. Does anyone know if these closely related species 
> (kaki and virginiana) hybridize?
> 
> Question- can I use D. kaki (or hybrid) rootstock for grafting kaki 
> varieties.? Is there any advantage/ disadvantage to using D. kaki ( 
> compared to D. virginiana) as rootstock?  I am in zone 7.

Hello Betsy,

It is highly highly unlikely you have a hybrid. Several reasons:

You are in zone 7 in which the majority of indigenous persimmon trees are 
60 chromosome, kaki is 90. For them to hybridize would mean 15 unpaired 
chromosomes in the zygote which is lethal. In nature some plants exist with 
one 
unpaired chromosome, but not 15 that I've ever read of.  

The 90 chromosome Diospyros kaki and virginiana don't hybridize easily. 
When they do the cotyledon doesn't develop and embryo rescue in necessary. 
That 
isn't always true when the hybrids are back crossed to either species. If 
your seed is rounded like an ordinary persimmon seed the chances of it being 
a hybrid is very slim. I'd say the chancers are greater your kaki tree 
produced a male flower. 

Yes, either kaki or virginiana will work as rootstock.  However virginiana 
is much more commonly used as it has a superior root system. Stronger and 
more laterals. Also more hardy. And I believe the 90 chromosome race makes 
better understock, but haven't seen any research on that subject.   

Jerry
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ARS News Service
Agricultural Research Service, USDA
--View this report online, plus photos and related stories, at =
www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr=20
--Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/USDA_ARS

=20
Read the magazine story to find out more.

ARS plant pathologist Andy Nyczepir has found that growing MaxQ fescue =
as a cover crop in peach orchards can result in bigger trees with fewer =
problems from nematodes compared to soil that is fumigated to deal with =
these pests. Click the image for more information about it.




"Fire Gel" Protects Beneficial Nematodes from Sun=20
=20
Environmentally-friendly controls for peach tree pests
=20
Treatment for mouse-eared pecan trees now licensed
Tall Fescue Helps Protect Peach Trees from Nematodes

By Sharon Durham
November 29, 2011
Planting tall fescue grass as a ground cover in peach orchards helps =
protect peach trees from nematodes that attack tree roots, according to =
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists.

In a study published in the Journal of Nematology in 2010, Agricultural =
Research Service (ARS) plant pathologists Andy Nyczepir at the =
Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory in Byron, Ga., and =
Susan Meyer at the Nematology Laboratory in Beltsville, Md., tested =
several tall fescue varieties to find out if they could thwart four =
troublesome root-knot nematode species-Meloidogyne incognita, M. hapla, =
M. javanica, and M. arenaria.

ARS is USDA's principal intramural scientific research agency, and the =
research supports the USDA priority of promoting international food =
security.

In the study, Nyczepir and Meyer found that a commercial tall fescue, =
MaxQ, prevented M. incognita and M. hapla from reproducing. M. javanica =
has a low level of reproduction on MaxQ, but M. arenaria can reproduce =
on it.

Traditionally, growers have fumigated peach orchard soils prior to =
planting and then used a nematode-resistant rootstock. But in recent =
years, growers have faced tough times that have made it difficult to =
afford preplant fumigants, such as Telone II or Vapam. Many growers also =
have difficulty fumigating at the recommended time of year because of =
conflicts with managing other crops.

In Georgia, rotation with coastal Bermuda grass, which can also be =
harvested for hay, is recommended for control of root-knot nematode. =
According to Nyczepir, their studies show that MaxQ may have potential =
as a preplant control strategy for M. incognita and M. hapla in =
southeastern and northeastern areas of the United States. Using this =
tall fescue as a preplant cover crop treatment may allow growers to =
reduce the use of chemical nematicides.

Preliminary data from the team's field trials using MaxQ as a preplant =
cover crop have so far found that peach trees planted after the cover =
crop are larger than those planted in soil that is not fumigated.

Read more about this research in the November/December 2011 issue of =
Agricultural Research magazine.


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