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["Jim Fruth" <jimfruth@charter.net>]

Bob,
    My bottles are hot sauce bottles - they can be turned upside down with 
nothing coming out unless you shake the bottle.  I use 3 oz., 6 oz., and 12 
oz.  $1.50 per ounce.

    I have a pH meter to determine acidity.

    Hypothesis/theory(?):  Since Acetobacter needs air to turn alcohol to 
vinegar, I would suggest that it forms the rubbery layer on top when it has 
completed its job, with the mother effectively cutting off the potential air 
supply.  What say you?

    Curiously, mother never formed on top on Strawberry, Chokecherry and 
Black Currant.  Instead it sunk to the bottom in bits and pieces.

Jim
>From ernestplutko@wiktel.com  Fri Sep 23 12:54:23 2011
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Subject: [NAFEX] Winter
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Starting to get ready for the cold. Hardwood tree leaves suddenly
turned red. I still have some plums on trees.  The berries are gone.
I have trees loaded with many crab apples but nothing is after them.
I got a flatbed truck of composted cow manure delivered this morning.
I prefer horse manure but it not very available here.  I had a load
of bison manure once.  It was good but not available now.  I use
commercial fertilizer sparingly because it burns and also kill worms.