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cc-licenses - [cc-licenses] CC licenses version 4.0: some thoughts on noncommercial

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Subject: Development of Creative Commons licenses

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  • From: Heather Morrison <hgmorris AT sfu.ca>
  • To: cc-licenses AT lists.ibiblio.org
  • Subject: [cc-licenses] CC licenses version 4.0: some thoughts on noncommercial
  • Date: Tue, 20 Dec 2011 11:31:32 -0800

A few thoughts towards the version 4.0 discussions, focusing on noncommercial:

Noncommercial, to me, is NOT the most restrictive of the CC license elements,
except in a technical sense. This is because noncommercial - the public
sphere - is the very essence of the commons. As a long-term open access
advocate, my considered opinion is that the strongest license for open access
to scholarly works is CC-BY-NC-SA, as this is the license that most protects
open access downstream. As we move towards the development of a global
commons, we need to keep in mind the society that we live in at present. The
kind of license that may be ideal in the society many of us are striving for
can be a danger to the commons in the interim. For that matter, in a society
where sharing is the default, we should question whether licenses will still
be necessary. Even at present, while CC licenses are most helpful in an open
access context, I would argue that licensing should not be necessary; what is
more important for the longer term is developing and articulating a culture
of sharing. CC licenses is only one of many approaches.

I understand that there is some genuine confusion about what constitutes
commercial use, and that this may differ by region. For this reason, it may
be helpful to further refine the license terms, and perhaps include two
different types of noncommercial. Some thoughts towards this end:

- Is selling the actual contenthe common element understood by anyone
who uses noncommercial? If so, is this clearly spelled out in the NC license?

- Education - learning and teaching - should not be considered
commercial. Here is a post with my attempt to articulate this:
http://poeticeconomics.blogspot.com/2011/12/education-is-public-good-not-commercial.html

- Providing commercial services that support education is a genuine
gray area, and one where there may be good reason to have two different
licenses. Organizations that rely to some extent on print-on-demand services
should be able to say no to this, while many creators who have no interest in
bothering with this might want to say sure, go ahead. I strongly advocate for
understanding the need for creators to make a living, and including those who
share as much as they can while reserving some rights so that they can make a
living in the commons. For this reason, I do not support efforts to remove
those who choose noncommercial from CC.

- Advertising is another gray area. Here, I am wondering whether a key
issue is not so much advertising per se, as the extent, and whether
reciprocal services are offered. For example, an internet search service that
leads users to CC licensed content and in the process uses very limited
amounts of content is a very different situation from a commercial outfit
creating a mirror site of a whole journal, publishers' offerings, or
scholar's blog, and selling advertising on the mirror site, or a
pharmaceutical company printing off thousands of reprints for their
salespeople to take to doctors' offices. In the former case, I wonder if
there are fair use / fair dealing arguments, at least in some jurisdictions.
If not, would this give the corporate sector reason to argue for fair use /
fair dealing exemptions? In the latter case, I think many creators do
actually wish to prevent such commercial use, which may impact the moral
integrity of the creator as well as potential economic impact.

Many thanks to CC for great work advancing the commons over the past few
years, and for the opportunity to participate in discussions towards the next
round.

Heather Morrison, MLIS
Doctoral Candidate, Simon Fraser University School of Communication
http://pages.cmns.sfu.ca/heather-morrison/
The Imaginary Journal of Poetic Economics
http://poeticeconomics.blogspot.com








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