Biblical Hebrew Forum

[R.Lehmann <lehmann AT uni-mainz.de>]

HIRAM is given as follows:

A. Hiram (I.): II Sam 5:11  XIRAM - Septuagint:  Ciram  || par I Chr  
14:1 Ketiv XIRAM Qere XURAM, Septuagint  Ciram, JosAnt VII:66  
ÔIe÷rwmoß , JosAp I:109 Ei¶rwmoß

B. Hiram I.:
µr:yji 1 Reg 5:15ff, 9:11ff, 10:11, but 1 Reg 5:24.32 µwrøyji; 2 Chr  
2:2.10.11; 8:2.18, 2 Chr 9:10.21(Q) µr:Wj, Josephus Eirwmo" son of  
Abibalo" (’Abíba‘al of Tyrue) Ant. VII:66 VIII:50-60.76.141f.163  
VIII:144 (according to Menander) VIII:147-149 (according to Dios),  
c.Apion. I:109 I:113-115 (Dios) I:117.121.126 (according to Menander)  
II,18.
1 Reg 5,15  MT rwxøAËl,m, µr:yji   LXX Ciram basileu;" Tuvrou  1 Reg  
5,15.16.21.22.25bis.26.32  µr:yji Ciram
1 Reg 5,24.32 µwrøyji Ciram, 1 Reg 9,11 rxoAËl,m, µr:yji Ciram  
basileu;" Tuvrou

1 Reg 9,12.14 .27 µr:yji Ciram, 1 Reg 10,11 µr:yji Ciram

2 Chr 2,2.10 rxoAËl,m, µr:Wj Ciram basileu;" Tuvrou

2 Chr 2,11 µr:Wj Ciram

2 Chr 8,2.18 µr:Wj Ciram

2 Chr 9,10.21 Ketib µryj Qere µr:Wj LXX Ciram


C. %írám (II.) of Tyre (m∫i-ru-um-mu uru∑ur-ra-a+a Annals of  
Tiglatpileser III., Ann. 27:2 = 13*:11 and m∫i-ri-mu Ann. 9:r5; vgl.  
TGI 57; TUAT I, 375f), son of ’Ittóba‘al II.

D. 8th or late 9th century inscription from Limassol (Cyprus) KAI 31 =  
CIS I,5 King of the Sidonians (˛rm mlk ßdnm) (see Timm 1982, 221),  
ca. 750-725 BCE? This should also be the Hiram of the Phoenician  
iscription of Parahyba which, to be sure, is a fraude!

E. Another Hiram Jos c.Apion. I:158  Eirwmo" father of a certain  
Ittobaal IV, maybe also on the Pheonician malachite boat inscription  
(most probably a fake).

And so on and so on. There are considerably more Hirams in Hebrew and  
Phoenician!

Note that the name Hiram is a very common Phoenician name (Hiram =  
Ahiram / Ahirom): "the/my brother is august/superior" (root RWM).  
Omission of alef is here normal in later Phoenician. There is  
absolutely no need or probability to connect the name with any other  
root or language.

Reinhard G. Lehmann

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¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨
Dr. Reinhard G. Lehmann
Academic Director
Research Unit on Ancient Hebrew & Epigraphy
FB 01/ Faculty of Protestant Theology
Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
D-55099 Mainz
Germany
lehmann AT uni-mainz.de
http://www.hebraistik.uni-mainz.de
http://www.ev.theologie.uni-mainz.de/297.php
Subsidia et Instrumenta Linguarum Orientis (SILO):
http://www.hebraistik.uni-mainz.de/182.php
10th Mainz International Colloquium on Ancient Hebrew (MICAH):
http://www.micah.hebraistik.uni-mainz.de/204.php