Biblical Hebrew Forum

[Bryan Cox <b_coxus AT yahoo.com>]

Karl,

I goofed the link to Israel Knohl's article in pdf.  Here is the link again:

http://www.hartman.org.il/SHInews_View_Eng.asp?Article_Id=124

Look at the bottom of the abstract and you see "Read the full article by 
Israel Knohl here."
Just click on the "here" and it will open the pdf for you.

His argument for resurrection is based on his reconstruction of the word 
following "By three days ..." in line 80.
He says:  "In my opinion, the word that the editors read only partially is 
completely legible and can clearly be read as hy)x!" (cf. pp. 150-151).
I note that he says 'clearly'.  What do others think from the drawing and 
images?

Bryan Cox

On Fri Jul 11 09:21:13 EDT 2008, K Randolph <kwrandolph at gmail.com> wrote:
....
I didn't see anywhere the possibility for the resurrection after three days
that Israel Knohl refers to, that is a reconstruction not clear in the
surviving text. But the surviving text is in such poor shape that I'll have
to see his arguments before ruling them out.

Karl W. Randolph.

            


      
>From JimStinehart AT aol.com  Fri Jul 11 11:14:52 2008
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Subject: [b-hebrew] yamim or yamin? -- "Adamim" vs. "Adamin-the-Negev"
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Yitzhak Sapir:
=20
You wrote:  =E2=80=9C[T]he pervasive use of final nun for mem probably relat=
es to=20
nasalization as a dialect feature that can be traced back to the earliest st=
ages=20
in the development of Hebrew."
=20
=20
1.  Thank you for that valuable information.  That neatly explains the=20
different endings on the three suggested transliterations for item #36 of ph=
araoh=20
Thutmosis III=E2=80=99s mid-15th century BCE list of cities in Canaan:
=20
(i)  i-t-m-m
=20
(ii)  (e)-ti-m(e)-n
=20
(iii) =E2=80=98(a)-ta-m-m=20
=20
This may indicate that final M and final N were interchangeable in west=20
Semitic languages even before the first Hebrews.
=20
The foregoing analysis of the Thutmosis III list is set forth by Eero=20
Junkkaala at p. 155 (which is p. 164 on the Internet) here:
=20
_https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/4162/TMP.objres.80.pdf?sequence=
=3D1_
=20
(https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/4162/TMP.objres.80.pdf?sequence=
=3D1)=20
=20
2.  That item #36 on the Thutmosis III list is usually identified with eithe=
r=20
(a) Adamah, referenced at Joshua 19: 36, or (b) Adamim (or Adamin, or=20
Adamin-Negev), referenced as Adami-the-Neqev at Joshua 19: 33.  That ancient=
=20
pre-Hebrew town name may be preserved in Khirbet ed-Damieh, in eastern Lower=
 Galilee. =20
Eero Junkkaala sets forth various different possibilities for matching up=20
these various names.
=20
Some scholars have seen n-g-b at item #57 on the Thutmosis III list as being=
=20
the same place as Adami-the-Neqev at Joshua 19: 33.  (See the discussion of=20
this issue at p. 164 of Eero Junkkaala=E2=80=99s book, which is at p. 173 on=
 the=20
Internet.)  On this view, the =E2=80=9CNeqev=E2=80=9D at Joshua 19: 33 may r=
eflect an original=20
G/gimel (instead of the Q/qof in the received text).  As such, =E2=80=9CAdam=
i-the-Negev=E2=80=9D (=E2=80=9C
South Adami=E2=80=9D) may get its name from the fact that it is located just=
 south of=20
Adamah.
=20
If Joshua 19: 33 is referencing =E2=80=9CAdami-the-Negev=E2=80=9D as a 
city=20=
in eastern Lower=20
Galilee, and if item #57 on the Thutmosis III list is referencing =E2=80=9CN=
egev=E2=80=9D as=20
that same city in eastern Lower Galilee, then that opens up the exciting=20
possibility that =E2=80=9Cthe Negev=E2=80=9D at Genesis 20: 1 may be referen=
cing Adami-the-Negev=20
in Lower Galilee, and that =E2=80=9Cthe land of the Negev=E2=80=9D at Genesi=
s 20: 1 is=20
therefore referencing Lower Galilee.  Straight north of Adami-the-Negev is Q=
adesh of=20
Upper Galilee, so that it is logical that the next geographical reference in=
=20
Genesis 20: 1 after =E2=80=9Cthe Negev=E2=80=9D is =E2=80=9CQadesh=E2=80=9D,=
 as Abraham moves north,=20
starting from central Canaan, going north through Adami-the-Negev/the Negev/=
the land=20
of the Negev/Lower Galilee, until Abraham gets to Upper Galilee, with Qadesh=
=20
being a well-known Late Bronze Age city in eastern Upper Galilee.
=20
On the key issue of whether the words =E2=80=9Cthe Negev=E2=80=9D or =E2=80=
=9CNegev=E2=80=9D were used to=20
refer to the Negev Desert in the ancient world, I received a very nice E-mai=
l=20
on July 7, 2008 from Steve Rosen, Professor of Archaeology at Ben-Gurion=20
University in the Negev, who confirmed that prior to the 1st millennium BCE,=
 the=20
word =E2=80=9CNegev=E2=80=9D is never attested as the proper name of the Neg=
ev Desert:
=20
=E2=80=9C[Regarding] the Negev=E2=80=A6the Northern Negev of today[,=E2=80=
=A6 w]e do not have any=20
pre-biblical (Bronze Age or second millennium BC) texts, Egyptian or otherwi=
se,=20
which use the word.=E2=80=9D
=20
Prof. Rosen also notes that the word =E2=80=9CNegev=E2=80=9D is not attested=
 outside of the=20
Bible prior to Roman times as meaning the Negev Desert.
=20
If =E2=80=9Cthe land of the Negev=E2=80=9D at Genesis 20: 1 is referencing L=
ower Galilee,=20
rather than referencing the Negev Desert, then that would mean that the=20
Patriarchal narratives portray the Covenant as being fulfilled with Isaac=
=E2=80=99s birth in=20
Galilee, not in the Negev Desert.  Based on the secular history of the ancie=
nt=20
world prior to Roman times, there is no historical basis for interpreting=20=
=E2=80=9Cthe=20
Negev=E2=80=9D at Genesis 20: 1 as meaning the Negev Desert.  By sharp contr=
ast, the=20
attested presence of the Late Bronze Age town of =E2=80=9CAdami-the-Negev=
=E2=80=9D in eastern=20
Lower Galilee, and the apparent reference to that same town on the mid-15th=20
century BCE Thutmosis III list as =E2=80=9CNegev=E2=80=9D, provides historic=
al support for=20
interpreting =E2=80=9Cthe land of the Negev=E2=80=9D at Genesis 20: 1 as mea=
ning =E2=80=9CLower Galilee=E2=80=9D
.
=20
Jim Stinehart
Evanston, Illinois




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