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Re: [b-hebrew] b-hebrew Digest, Vol 65, Issue 9

From: Peter Bekins <pbekins AT fuse.net>
To: b-hebrew AT lists.ibiblio.org
Subject: Re: [b-hebrew] b-hebrew Digest, Vol 65, Issue 9
Date: Fri, 9 May 2008 13:39:33 -0400

On May 9, 2008, at 1:20 PM, b-hebrew-request AT lists.ibiblio.org wrote:

From: Charles Grebe <cgrebe AT briercrest.ca>
Date: May 9, 2008 11:04:18 AM EDT
To: B-Hebrew <b-hebrew AT lists.ibiblio.org>
Subject: [b-hebrew] Targum of Jonah etext

Hi,

I know this is a little off topic for this list, but maybe someone can
give me a quick answer. I'm looking for an electronic text of the Targum
of Jonah, preferable in Unicode. Does anyone know if there is a free
version on the web?

thanks,

Charles Grebe
Director of Distance Learning
Briercrest College and Seminary
www.briercrest.ca

Most every Aramaic text can be found in the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon, http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/. Targum Jonah can be found under text browse --> Palestinian Aramaic --> Canonical Jewish Literary Aramaic. Scroll down to text 51019 TgJ Jonah.

Pete Bekins
PhD Candidate - Hebrew Bible/Comparative Semitics
Hebrew Union College
Cincinnati, OH

From penielop AT yahoo.com Mon May 12 08:50:26 2008

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Subject: [b-hebrew] Translation of Gen 4:7
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Hello,
Can anyone help with an analysis of this passage (Gen. 4:7), halo im taytiv soayt? Why does it translate: "If you do well, will you not be accepted?" (RSV) And why does "soet" which is qal infinitive construct translate this way? Thank you,
Peniel,
Student, Dominican Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria.

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From kwrandolph AT gmail.com Mon May 12 09:38:45 2008

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UGVuaWVsOgpZb3UgbmVlZCB0byByZWFkIHRoaXMgaW4gY29udGV4dCBvZiB0aGUgcHJldmlvdXMg
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From JimStinehart AT aol.com Mon May 12 09:38:56 2008

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Bill Rea wrote: =E2=80=9CYou have argued in this manner for a long time and=
it=E2=80=99s=20
still unconvincing. How do we know they ``forgot'' to add in Jerusalem?
It=20=
is=20
just a guess. Let's for a moment take a different line of speculation. Let=
's=20
say that these editors were working with what they believed to be sacred=20
traditions. I use traditions to mean either written or oral or both. Why w=
ould=20
they add in a reference to Jerusalem when the readers or hearers could alrea=
dy=20
make that association if they figured that association was important? We co=
uld=20
speculate that they wouldn't add it in out of reverence for the traditions.=
=E2=80=9D
=20
1. You and I agree as to the following. (a) The Hebrews had sacred=20
traditions regarding the Patriarchal narratives. (b) Jerusalem was not par=
t of=20
those sacred traditions. (c) Nothing about Jerusalem was put into the=20
Patriarchal narratives, =E2=80=9Cout of reverence for the traditions=E2=80=
=9D.
=20
So far, so good.
=20
2. But from what geographical locale are the sacred traditions of the=20
Patriarchal narratives coming?
=20
(a) If there are multiple authors of the Patriarchal narratives, and most o=
f=20
them came from Jerusalem, doesn=E2=80=99t it seem odd that Jerusalem is
not=20=
part of=20
these sacred traditions?
=20
(b) If there are multiple authors of the Patriarchal narratives, and most o=
f=20
them came from southern Canaan, doesn=E2=80=99t it seem odd that all of thes=
e authors=20
from southern Canaan would use non-existent geography in southern Canaan? =20
Wouldn=E2=80=99t their audience be mostly from southern Canaan? Why use non=
-existent=20
geography, from the immediate neighborhood of your audience? Is that a=20
plausible theory of the case?
=20
Shouldn=E2=80=99t we examine the 12 cities in Canaan near which the Patriarc=
hs are=20
portrayed as sojourning in the Patriarchal narratives? Everyone agrees that=
two=20
of those cities -- Shechem and Dothan -- are historical cities from Late=20
Bronze Age northern Canaan, attested by those very names in secular history.=
What=20
about the other 10 cities?
=20
Scholars tells us that the other 10 cities are fictional cities in southern=20
Canaan. Does that seem reasonable?
=20
Scholars will often admit, however, if asked about a specific city, that suc=
h=20
a city name is attested in secular history as the name of a Late Bronze Age=20
city in northern Canaan. Isn=E2=80=99t that relevant information? Is
that=20=
true as to=20
all 10 such cities?
=20
3. Consider if you will this phrase as to where Jacob sojourned after the=20
bloody Shechem incident:
=20
=E2=80=9CAnd Israel journeyed, and spread his tent beyond Migdal-eder.=E2=
=80=9D Genesis 35:=20
21=20
=20
Is =E2=80=9CMigdal-eder=E2=80=9D a fictional city in southern Canaan? Is it=
the case that=20
there are multiple authors of the Patriarchal narratives, who are using=20
non-existent geography here?
=20
Or should we instead ask if these are attested names of Late Bronze Age=20
cities in northern Canaan?
=20
In this post, let=E2=80=99s focus on the name =E2=80=9CMigdal=E2=80=9D: mem=
-gimel-dalet-lamed.
=20
Migdal is a well-attested city in Late Bronze Age northern Canaan, located a=
t=20
modern Tel Zeror. It is #115 on the list of Canaanite cities that Egyptian=20
pharaoh Thutmosis III conquered in the mid-15th century BCE. It=E2=80=99s n=
oted at p.=20
201 of the following Internet site:
=20
_https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/4162/TMP.objres.80.pdf?sequence=
=3D1_
=20
(https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/4162/TMP.objres.80.pdf?sequence=
=3D1)=20
=20
Here is how Anson Rainey sets it forth as item #71 on p. 73 of
=E2=80=9CThe=20=
Sacred=20
Bridge=E2=80=9D: =E2=80=9Cma-k-ta-la. Cf. EA [Amarna Letter] towns=E2=80=
=A6. Cf. [the Hebrew letters]=20
mem-gimel-dalet-lamed=E2=80=9D.
=20
(Egyptian K routinely becomes G/gimel in Biblical Hebrew. Egyptian T can=20
either stay T/tav, or become D/dalet, in Biblical Hebrew.)
=20
And pursuant to Anson Rainey=E2=80=99s comment, what about the Amarna Letter=
s from=20
the mid-14th century BCE? Magdalu/Migdal at Amarna Letter EA 256: 24
could=20=
well=20
be referencing historical Migdal, just south of Megiddo. The U at the end o=
f=20
a place name in the Amarna Letters always is omitted in the Biblical Hebrew=20
equivalent. The other precise vowel sounds are unknown from the unpointed t=
ext=20
of Biblical Hebrew. If =E2=80=9CGaru=E2=80=9D/Gar/G-R in this Amarna Letter=
is=20
G-R-R/G-L-L/greater Galilee, then Migdal/Magdalu south of Megiddo in Lower G=
alilee fits=20
perfectly here.
=20
4. All 12 cities near which the Patriarchs are portrayed as sojourning are=20
like that. They do not exist in southern Canaan. But they are attested by=20
name as Late Bronze Age cities in northern Canaan.
=20
5. Is it likely that 5 out of 6 authors of the Patriarchal narratives came=20
from southern Canaan in the 1st millennium BCE, and never used a single=20
historical name of a city in southern Canaan near which the Patriarchs are p=
ortrayed=20
as sojourning, and rather in every case used non-existent geography in=20
southern Canaan, with all 12 city names in the text just =E2=80=9Chappening=
=E2=80=9D to match up to=20
attested names of Late Bronze Age cities in northern Canaan?
=20
I myself do not see that as a plausible scenario.
=20
Rather, in my view, the sacred traditions of the Patriarchal narratives are=20
coming from Late Bronze Age northern Canaan, not from 1st millennium BCE=20
southern Canaan. All of the cities near which the Patriarchs are
portrayed=20=
as=20
sojourning in the text are attested by name in the secular history of Late B=
ronze=20
Age northern Canaan. No such cities exist in southern Canaan in ancient tim=
es.
=20
As I see it, the Patriarchal narratives are both older, and from a more=20
northerly locale, than currently realized. There is no fictional southern C=
anaan=20
geography in the Patriarchal narratives. Rather, what we have is pinpoint=20
accurate historical geography from Late Bronze Age northern Canaan. The nam=
es of=20
the cities in the received text tell the tale. The Patriarchal narratives a=
re=20
very old, and are coming from northern Canaan, not from 1st millennium BCE=20
Jerusalem.
=20
Jim Stinehart
Evanston, Illinois

**************Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family=20
favorites at AOL Food. =20
(http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=3Daolfod00030000000001)

Re: [b-hebrew] b-hebrew Digest, Vol 65, Issue 9, Peter Bekins, 05/09/2008