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  • From: Geneva <gggreen AT mindspring.com>
  • To: Orange County Beekeepers Association <ocba AT lists.ibiblio.org>
  • Subject: [ocba] terms found in recent research
  • Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2013 19:55:21 -0500

We did not get to a whole series of terms that we see thrown about in discussions of recent bee related research, especially those related to pesticides.  Some of the chemists at the meeting offered to define these terms for us to help us understand better the issues surrounding pesticides and honey bees.  So here is my initial list of terms.  Please feel free to respond and to add any terms you think are important.  The issue of pesticides and bees is not only a hot topic, it is also a very complex one that is very important for beekeeper's to understand.
thank you all for your input
Geneva

Pesticide Terms:


LD50:



Hazard Quotient (HQ) approach
(application rate/LD50)




hard/ soft chemicals:



miticide:



pyrethroid:




neonicitinoid:



“The mode of action of neonicotinoid pesticides is similar to nicotine, a natural plant compound which once was widely used as an insecticide. Neonicotinoids are agonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which are normally activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (cf. LIU et al. 2006). Thus, neonicotinoids block an intrinsic chemical pathway which transmits nerve impulses to the insect’s central nervous system. This causes excitation of the nerves and can result in paralysis and death. As neonicotinoids block a specific neuron pathway, which is more abundant in insects than in mammals or birds, these insecticides are selectively more toxic to insects than to other classes of animals.”
(HOPWOOD et al. 2012; TOMIZAWA & MOTOHIRO 2004).


Substance Acute oral toxicity Acute contact toxicity
Acetamiprid LD50: 14.53 μg/bee LD50: 8.01 μg/bee
Clothianidin LD50: 0.00379 μg/bee LD50: 0.04426 μg/bee
Imidacloprid LD50: 0.0037 μg/bee LD50: 0.081 μg/bee
Thiacloprid LD50: 17.32 μg/bee LD50: 38.82 μg/bee
Thiamethoxam LD50: 0.005 μg μg/bee LD50: 0.024 μg/bee



organophosphate:




systemic:

“Neonicotinoids are also systemic, which means that they are absorbed and transported into all parts of the plant tissue and in this manner offer protection against sucking or chewing insect pests. Plants can take up the chemicals through their roots or leaves, while subsequently the vascular tissues incorporate the chemical into the stems, flowers (also the nectar and pollen), leaves or even the fruits.” (HOPWOOD et al. 2012).

acute toxicity:




sublethal effects:




synergistic effects:



pesticide resistance management [PRM]:



gluttation drops:



metabolites:



foliar sprays, seed coatings, soil drenches or granules:









  • [ocba] terms found in recent research, Geneva, 02/15/2013

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