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  • From: Emanuele John Gelsi <s100962@student.uq.edu.au>
  • To: God <TheAlmighty@Heaven.Com>
  • Cc: permaculture-mg@amani.ces.ncsu.edu, london@sunsite.unc.edu, yount@csf.colorado.edu
  • Subject: Re: Permaculture FAQ 1.3
  • Date: Sat, 22 Jun 1996 19:17:56 +1000 (GMT+1000)

Dear Lord, I hope the info below helps

yours worshipfully

Emanuele John Gelsi
s100962@student.uq.edu.au
Dept of Anthropology and Sociology
University of Qld Australia

> The Permaculture FAQ (1.3) is divided into 7 parts:
>
> 1. Introduction to permaculture
> 2. Permaculture defined
> 3. Characteristics of permaculture
> 4. The practical application of permaculuture
> 5. Permaculture resources:
> United States
> Australia
> Around the World
> 6. Books on permaculture
> 7. Electronic sources
>
> ==============================================================
> INTRODUCTION TO PERMACULTURE
> ==============================================================
>
> The word "permaculture" was coined in 1978 by Bill Mollison, an
> Australian ecologist, and his student, David Holmgren. It is a
> contraction of "permanent agriculture" or "permanent culture."
>
> Permaculture is about designing ecological human habitats and
> food production systems. It is an approach to land use which
> integrates human dwellings, microclimate, annual and perennial
> plants, animals, soils, and water management into stable,
> productive communities.
>
> A central theme in permaculture is the design of ecological
> landscapes that produce food. Emphasis is placed on multi-use
> plants and the integration of animals to recycle nutrients and
> graze weeds. However, permaculture entails much more than just
> food production. Permaculture design concepts are being applied
> in urban as well as rural settings, and are applicable to single
> households or whole farms and villages.
>
> "Integrated farming" and "ecological engineering" are terms
> sometimes used to describe permaculture. Though helpful, these
> terms do not capture the holistic nature of permaculture and thus
> the following definitions are included to provide insight.
>
> ==============================================================
> PERMACULTURE DEFINED
> ==============================================================
>
> 1. From the Permaculture Drylands Institute and published in
> THE PERMACULTURE ACTIVIST (Autumn 1989):
>
> Permaculture: the use of ecology as the basis for
> designing integrated systems of food production,
> housing, appropriate technology, and community
> development. Permaculture is built upon an ethic of
> caring for the earth and interacting with the
> environment in mutually beneficial ways...
>
> 2. From Lee Barnes (editor of KATUAH JOURNAL and PERMACULTURE
> CONNECTIONS), Waynesville, North Carolina:
>
> Permaculture (PERMAnent agriCULTURE or PERMAnent CULTURE) is
> a sustainable design system stressing the harmonious
> interrelationship of humans, plants, animals and the Earth.
> To paraphrase the founder of permaculture, designer
> Bill Mollison:
>
> "Permaculture principles focus on thoughtful designs
> for small-scale intensive systems which are labor
> efficient and which use biological resources instead of
> fossil fuels. Designs stress ecological connections and
> closed energy and material loops. The core of
> permaculture is design and the working relationships
> and connections between all things. Each component in a
> system performs multiple functions, and each function
> is supported by many elements. Key to efficient design
> is observation and replication of natural ecosystems,
> where designers maximize diversity with polycultures,
> stress efficient energy planning for houses and
> settlement, using and accelerating natural plant
> succession, and increasing the highly productive
> "edge-zones" within the system."
>
> Permaculture designs have been successfully and widely
> implemented in third-world countries, but there is current
> need to expand these principles in temperate climates, and
> especially urban areas to create more enjoyable and
> sustainable human habitats.
>
> 3. From Michael Pilarksi, founder of Friends of the Trees, and
> published in INTERNATIONAL GREEN FRONT REPORT (1988):
>
> Permaculture is: the design of land use systems that are
> sustainable and environmentally sound; the design of
> culturally appropriate systems which lead to social
> stability; a design system characterized by an integrated
> application of ecological principles in land use; an
> international movement for land use planning and design; an
> ethical system stressing positivism and cooperation.
>
> In the broadest sense, permaculture refers to land use
> systems which promote stability in society, utilize
> resources in a sustainable way and preserve wildlife
> habitat and the genetic diversity of wild and domestic
> plants and animals. It is a synthesis of ecology and
> geography, of observation and design. Permaculture
> involves ethics of earth care because the sustainable use of
> land cannot be separated from life-styles and philosophical
> issues.
>
> 4. From a Bay Area Permaculture Group brochure, published in
> WEST COAST PERMACULTURE NEWS & GOSSIP AND SUSTAINABLE LIVING
> NEWSLETTER (Fall 1995):
>
> Permaculture is a practical concept which can be applied in
> the city, on the farm, and in the wilderness. Its
> principles empower people to establish highly productive
> environments providing for food, energy, shelter, and other
> material and non-material needs, including economic.
> Carefully observing natural patterns characteristic of a
> particular site, the permaculture designer gradually
> discerns optimal methods for integrating water catchment,
> human shelter, and energy systems with tree crops, edible
> and useful perennial plants, domestic and wild animals and
> aquaculture.
>
> Permaculture adopts techniques and principles from ecology,
> appropriate technology, sustainable agriculture, and the
> wisdom of indigenous peoples. The ethical basis of
> permaculture rests upon care of the earth--maintaining a
> system in which all life can thrive. This includes human
> access to resources and provisions, but not the accumulation
> of wealth, power, or land beyond their needs.
>
> =============================================================
> CHARACTERISTICS OF PERMACULTURE (*)
> =============================================================
>
> * Permaculture is one of the most holistic, integrated systems
> analysis and design methodologies found in the world.
>
> * Permaculture can be applied to create productive ecosystems
> from the human-use standpoint or to help degraded
> ecosystems recover health and wildness. Permaculture can be
> applied in any ecosystem no matter how degraded.
>
> * Permaculture values and validates traditional knowledge and
> experience. Permaculture incorporates sustainable
> agriculture practices and land management techniques and
> strategies from around the world. Permaculture is a bridge
> between traditional cultures and emergent earth-tuned
> cultures.
>
> * Permaculture promotes organic agriculture which does not use
> pesticides to pollute the environment.
>
> * Permaculture aims to maximize symbiotic and synergistic
> relationships between site components.
>
> * Permaculture is urban planning as well as rural land design.
>
> * Permaculture design is site specific, client specific, and
> culture specific.
>
> (*) Source: Pilarski, Michael (ed.) 1994. Restoration Forestry.
> Kivaki Press, Durango, CO. p. 450.
>
> ==============================================================
> THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION of PERMACULTURE
> ==============================================================
>
> Permaculture is not limited to just plant and animal agriculture,
> but also includes community planning and development, use of
> appropriate technologies (coupled with an adjustment of life-
> style), and adoption of concepts and philosophies that are both
> earth-based and people-centered, such as bio-regionalism.
>
> Many of the appropriate technologies advocated by permaculturists
> are well-known. Among these are solar and wind power, composting
> toilets, solar greenhouses, energy efficient housing, and solar
> food cooking and drying.
>
> Due to the inherent sustainability of perennial cropping systems,
> permaculture places a heavy emphasis on tree crops. Systems that
> integrate annual and perennial crops such as alleycropping and
> agroforestry take advantage of "the edge effect", increase
> biological diversity, and offer other characteristics missing in
> monoculture systems. Thus, multicropping systems that
> blend woody perennials and annuals hold promise as viable
> techniques for large-scale farming. Ecological methods of
> production for any specific crop or farming system are central to
> permaculture as well as sustainable agriculture in general.
>
> Since permaculture is not a production system, per se, but rather
> a land use planning philosophy, it is not limited to a specific
> method of production. Furthermore, as permaculture principles
> may be adapted to farms or villages worldwide, it is site
> specific and therefore amenable to locally adapted techniques of
> production.
>
> As an example, standard organic farming and gardening techniques
> utilizing cover crops, green manures, crop rotation, and mulches
> are emphasized in permacultural systems. Yet, the use of
> the Keyline chisel plow, rotational grazing, the Aerway implement
> in no-till farming, and a whole number of other techniques are
> adaptable to farms working within a permacultural framework.
> The decision as to which "system" is employed is site-specific
> and management dependent.
>
> Farming systems and techniques commonly associated with
> permaculture include rotational grazing, agroforestry, swales,
> contour plantings, the Keyline method (soil and water
> management), hedgerows and windbreaks, and integrated farming
> systems such as aquaculture, intercropping, and polyculture.
>
> Gardening and recycling methods common to permaculture include
> edible landscaping, keyhole gardening, companion planting,
> trellising, sheet mulching, chicken tractors, solar greenhouses,
> spiral herb gardens, swales, and vermicomposting.
>
> Water collection, management, and re-use systems like Keyline,
> greywater, rain catchment, constructed wetlands, aquaponics (the
> integration of hydroponics with recirculating aquaculture),
> and solar aquatic ponds (also known as Living Machines) play an
> important role in permaculture designs.
>
> ==============================================================
> PERMACULTURE RESOURCES
> ==============================================================
>
> The two basic sources of information on permaculture are
> permaculture design courses and permaculture literature.
>
> The Permaculture Design Course is the primary vehicle for
> transfer of permaculture expertise. The standard course is
> 72-hours in length and lasts two weeks. Graduates are
> issued a permaculture design certificate and are entitled to use
> "Permaculture" in the pursuit of livelihood and for educational
> purposes.
>
> The permaculture literature is a rich source of information on a
> wide range of topics dealing with land use, plant and animal
> agriculture, water management, appropriate technology,
> energy-efficient and toxic-free housing, and community design.
>
> *******************************************
> Permaculture Resources in the United States
> ********************************************
>
> THE PERMACULTURE ACTIVIST
> Box 1209
> Black Mountain, NC 28711
> (704) 683-4946
> Editor: Peter Bane
> Cost: $16, quarterly
>
> THE PERMACULTURE ACTIVIST is the leading periodical for
> North American permaculture. It publishes articles
> on permaculture, edible landscaping, bioregionalism,
> aquaculture, etc, and provides a current listing of
> upcoming permaculture design courses. It serves as an
> important networking tool in the U.S., Canada, and
> Central America. Back issues are available for sale.
>
> THE INTERNATIONAL PERMACULTURE SOLUTIONS JOURNAL (TIPS)
> Yankee Permaculture, Elfin Permaculture, and Forest Ecosystem
> Rescue Network (FERN)
> P.O. Box 672
> Dahlonega, GA 30533-0672
> Editor: Dan Hemenway
> Cost: $27.50 for four issues
>
> THE INTERNATIONAL PERMACULTURE SOLUTIONS JOURNAL (TIPS) is
> published on an irregular basis, but is a rich source of
> information. Prior to TIPS, Yankee Permaculture put out a
> fantastic yearbook called THE INTERNATIONAL PERMACULTURE
> SPECIES YEARBOOK (TIPSY). The TIPSY series is a goldmine
> of permaculture information; much of the information is
> still quite useful. FERN publishes a permaculture
> newsletter called ROBIN that deals with forest issues.
> Yankee Permaculture also publishes THE RESOURCES OF
> INTERNATIONAL PERMACULTURE - TRIP. Volume 5 of TRIP,
> published in 1993, is a 68-page issue that contains 1,540
> listings of groups working in permaculture, sustainable
> food systems, and tree-based agriculture.
>
> RESTORATION FORESTRY
> Friends of the Trees
> P. O. Box 4469
> Bellingham, WA 98227
> (206) 738-4972
> Editor: Michael Pilarski
>
> RESTORATION FORESTRY: AN INTERNATIONAL GUIDE TO SUSTAINABLE
> FORESTRY PRACTICES (1994) is a 525-page guide to resources
> in restoration forestry. It contains over 50 review articles,
> 780 organizations, 230 journals/periodicals, 800 books, 100
> restoration forestry projects underway, and 100 directories on
> topics relating to restoration forestry, forest ecology, tree
> seedlings, bioregionalism, and permaculture. It is a massive
> addition to tree-based agricultural literature. Cost is $27,
> plus $4 handling.
>
> Other publications from Friends of the Trees include the
> INTERNATIONAL GREEN FRONT REPORT (1988, $7.00);
> KIWIFRUIT ENTHUSIASTS JOURNAL (Vol. 6, $17.20); and THIRD
> WORLD RESOURCE GUIDE (1993, $5.00) and the WEST COAST
> PERMACULTURE NEWS & GOSSIP NEWSLETTER.
>
> Travelers Earth Repair Network (TERN) is a database
> maintained by Friends of the Trees containing over 2,500
> permaculture contacts in 100-plus countries. The aim is to
> link travelers with individuals and organizations
> involved in sustainable agriculture, forestry, permaculture,
> and ecological restoration. There is a $50 fee to access
> the TERN database. Hosts are listed free of charge.
>
> PERMACULTURE DRYLANDS JOURNAL
> Permaculture Drylands Institute
> P.O. Box 156
> Santa Fe, NM 87504-0156
> (505) 983-0663
> Cost: $25, 3 issues per year
>
> PERMACULTURE DRYLANDS JOURNAL (formerly SUSTAINABLE LIVING
> IN DRYLANDS) is published in April, August, and
> December by the Permaculture Drylands Education and Research
> Institute. It focuses on permaculture concepts and designs
> for arid lands, with a heavy focus on New Mexico and
> Arizona. PDJ has published articles on straw bale
> buildings, solar box cookers, dryland farming, and much
> more; back issues are available. PDI offers a regular
> series of Permaculture Design Courses.
>
> EARTHWORD JOURNAL
> Eos Institute
> 580 Broadway, Suite 200
> Laguna Beach, CA 92651
> (714) 497-1896
> Cost: $20, 4 issues
>
> EARTHWORD JOURNAL is a glossy permaculture magazine published
> collaboratively by Eos Institute and the Permaculture Institute
> of Southern California. It explores the ecological interface
> between urban and rural communities and is geared to the
> professional designer, architect, and land-use planner. Issue
> No. 6 was published in January 1996.
>
> TEMPERATE BAMBOO QUARTERLY
> Earth Advocates Research Facility
> 30 Myers Road
> Summertown, TN 38483
> (615) 964-4151
> Cost: $24, quarterly
>
> TEMPERATE BAMBOO QUARTERLY is a quarterly publication from
> Earth Advocates, a permaculture team run by Sue and Adam
> Turtle. It focuses on the bamboo plant which has unique,
> multi-purpose uses. They also operate a nursery with dozens
> of bamboo species.
>
> Permaculture Resources
> P.O. Box 65
> 56 Farmersville Rd
> Califon, N.J. 07830
> (800) 832-6285
>
> Educational publisher and distributor of permaculture
> resources and publications.
>
> agAccess
> P.O. Box 2008
> Davis, CA 95616
> (916) 756-7177
>
> agAccess, primarily a mailorder bookstore but also a
> publishing company and for-profit information service,
> carries one of the largest selections of agricultural
> literature in North America. They specialize in
> sustainable agriculture and related resources.
>
> ***********************************
> Permaculture Resources in Australia
> ***********************************
>
> PERMACULTURE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
> Permaculture International Ltd.
> P.O. Box PG6039
> South Lismore, NSW 2480
> Australia
> Phone: (066) 220 020
> International: (066) 220 579
> Cost: U.S. $24, quarterly
> **Available in the U.S. through THE PERMACULTURE ACTIVIST**
>
> PIJ serves as the leading periodical for permaculture
> worldwide. It contains articles, book reviews, and news of
> permacultural events around the world. It serves as an
> important networking tool. Back issues to the early 1980s
> are available for sale.
>
> THE PERMACULTURE EDGE
> Permaculture Nambour, Inc.
> P.O. Box 148
> Inglewood 6050
> Western Australia
> Cost: U.S. $20, quarterly
> **Available in the U.S. through THE PERMACULTURE ACTIVIST**
>
> THE PERMACULTURE EDGE aims to report activities that are seen
> to be at the cutting edge of permaculture developments around
> the world. The "permaculture edge" refers to the "edge effect"
> found at the boundaries of two ecological systems where there is
> more synergism, biological activity, and variations in the
> microenvironment and which can be used to increase yields in
> designed systems. It also points to permaculture ideas as being
> "at the edge" of a change in the push towards a sustainable
> future.
>
> International Permaculture Institute
> P.O. Box 1
> Tyalgum, NSW 2484
> Australia
> Phone: (066) 793 442
>
> The International Permaculture Institute in Tyalgum,
> Australia, serves as the international coordinating
> organization for permaculture activities such as
> permaculture design accreditation.
>
> ***************************************
> Permaculture Resources Around the World
> ***************************************
>
> PERMACULTURE MAGAZINE UK: ECOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR EVERYDAY LIFE
> Permanent Publications
> Hyden House Limited
> Little Hyden Lane
> Clandfield, Hampshire PO8 ORU
> England
> Cost: U.S. $24, quarterly
> **Available in the U.S. through THE PERMACULTURE ACTIVIST**
>
> A quarterly journal published in cooperation with the
> Permaculture Association of Great Britain. It contains
> articles, book reviews, and solutions from Britain and
> Europe. A good source for temperate agroforestry species
> and permaculture design projects.
>
> GROUND COVER
> Permaculture Association of Zimbabwe
> Box CY 301
> Causeway, Harare
> Zimbabwe
> Telephone/Fax: (+4) 726911
> Cost: U.S. $30, per year
>
> PERMACULTURE INDIA NEWSLETTER and ECOLOGICAL VISIONS
> Earthcare Books c/o Classic Books
> 10 Middleton St.
> Calcutta 700 071
> India
>
> ==============================================================
> Books on Permaculture
> ==============================================================
>
> INTRODUCTION TO PERMACULTURE by Bill Mollison and Reny Mia Slay.
> 1991. Tagari Publishers, Tyalgum, Australia. 198 p.
>
> PERMACULTURE ONE: A PERENNIAL AGRICULTURE FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENTS,
> 3rd ed (Reprint of 1978 ed) by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren.
> 1987. Tagari Publishers, Tyalgum, New South Wales, Australia.
> 127 p.
>
> PERMACULTURE TWO: A PRACTICAL DESIGN FOR TOWN AND COUNTRY IN
> PERMANENT AGRICULTURE by Bill Mollison. 1979. Tagari Press,
> Stanley, Australia. 150 p.
>
> PERMACULTURE: A DESIGNER'S MANUAL by Bill Mollison. 1988.
> Tagari Publications, Tyalgum, Australia. 576 p.
>
> THE BEST OF PERMACULTURE by Max O. Lindegger and Robert Tap.
> 1986. Nascimanere Publishers, Nambour, Australia. 136 p.
>
> THE PERMACULTURE WAY: PRACTICAL WAYS TO CREATE A SELF-SUSTAINING
> WORLD by Graham Bell. 1992. Thorsons, London. 239 p.
>
> THE PERMACULTURE GARDEN by Graham Bell. 1994. Thorsons, London.
> 170 p.
>
> URBAN PERMACULTURE by David Watkins. 1993. Permanent
> Publications, U.K. 152 p.
>
> PERMACULTURE IN A NUTSHELL by Patrick Whitefield. 1993.
> Permanent Publications, U.K. 75 p.
>
> EARTH USER'S GUIDE TO PERMACULTURE by Rosemary Morrow and Rob
> Allsop. 1994. Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst, NSW Australia. 152 p.
>
> GETTING STARTED IN PERMACULTURE by Ross and Jennifer Mars. 1995.
> Candlelight Trust, Hovea, Western Australia. 60 p.
>
> ==============================================================
> A FEW GOOD BOOKS for the PERMACULTURIST'S BOOKSHELF
> ==============================================================
>
> CORNUCOPIA: A SOURCE BOOK OF EDIBLE PLANTS by Stephen Facciola.
> 1990. Kampong Publications, Vista, CA. 678 p.
>
> DESIGNING & MAINTAINING YOUR EDIBLE LANDSCAPE NATURALLY by Robert
> Kourick. 1986. Metamorphic Press, Santa Rosa, CA. 370 p.
>
> TREE CROPS: A PERMANENT AGRICULTURE by J. Russell Smith. 1987.
> Island Press, Washington, D.C. 408 p.
>
> THE PERMACULTURE BOOK OF FERMENT & HUMAN NUTRITION by Bill
> Mollison. 1993. Tagari Publications, Tyalgum, Australia.
> 288 p.
>
> ==============================================================
> ELECTRONIC SOURCES OF PERMACULTURE INFORMATION
> ===============================================================
>
> 1. Permaculture-Mg Internet Discussion List in the United
> States
>
> permaculture-mg@amani.ces.ncsu.edu
>
> To subscribe, send email to "almanac@amani.ces.ncsu.edu"
> with SUBSCRIBE PERMACULTURE-MG YOUR NAME in the body of
> email
>
> 2. Permaculture Discussion List in Western Australia
>
> perma@eepo.com.au
>
> To subscribe, send email to "listserv@eepo.com.au"
> with SUBSCRIBE PERMA YOUR NAME in the body of email
>
> 3. Organic Gardening & Permaculture Information
>
> http://sunsite.unc.edu/london/The_Sustainable_Farmstead.html
> http://sunsite.unc.edu/london/permaculture.html
> Email: london@sunsite.unc.edu
>
> 4. Permaculture Guide at Communications for a Sustainable
> Future
>
> http://csf.colorado.edu:8080/
>
> 5. Permaculture International Journal (Australia)
>
> http://nornet.nor.com.au/environment/perma/
> Email: pcjournal@peg.apc.org
>
> 6. International Permaculture Institute (Australia)
>
> Email: perminst@peg.apc.org
>
> 7. Permaculture Global Assistance Network (Australia)
>
> http://www.peg.apc.org/~pgan
>
> 8. Permaculture in Western Australia
>
> http://www.eepo.com.au/perma/
>
> 9. Permaculture in South Australia - "What's Happening in
> Permaculture"
>
> http://dove.mtx.net.au/%7Esteveo/wotsnu.html
>
> 10. Correspondence Course on Permaculture (Australia)
>
> http://www.qldnet.com.au/acs
>
> 11. Permaculture Visions International's Correspondence Course
> (Australia)
>
> Email: askpv@ozemail.com.au
>
> 12. British Permaculture Magazine/Permanent Publications Web
> Site
>
> http://www.uea.ac.uk/~e415/home.html
>
> 13. PermaWeb in Great Britain
>
> http://www.sysmag.com/permaweb
>
> 14. Permaculture Association (Britain)
>
> http://www.sysmag.com/permaweb/groups/pcbritain
>
> 15. Bay Area Permaculture Group
>
> http://www.nbn.com/people/bapg/
>
> 16. Permaculture Institute of Northern California
>
> http://www.nbn.com/people/bapg/pinc.html
>
> 17. Friends of the Trees
>
> http://www.pacificrim.net/~trees/
>
> 18. Cross Timbers Permaculture Institute in Texas
>
> http://csf.colorado.edu/perma/ctpi/cross_t.htm
> Email: 7539.1353@compuserve.com
>
> 19. Central Rocky Mountain Permaculture Institute
>
> Email: 103070.2354@compuserve.com
>
> 20. Permaculture on "Mind*Body*Spirit" (South Africa)
>
> http://www.pix.za/mbs/body/perma.htm
>
> 21. Permaculture on Carmela's Home Page
>
> http://www.ozoline.com.au/permaculture/index.html
>
> 22. Plants for a Future On-Line
>
> http://www.liv.ac.uk/~rmorris/pfaf/index.html
>
> 23. Institute for Bioregional Studies
>
> http://www.cycor.ca/IBS/
>
> 24. EcoVillage Information Service
>
> http://www.gaia.org/
>
> 25. Crystal Waters Permaculture Village
>
> http://www.gaia.org/crystalwaters/
>
> 26. The Farm EcoVillage Training Center
>
> http://www.gaia.org/farm/
>
> 27. Intentional Communities on the Web
> http://www.well.com/user/cmty/iclist.html
>
> 28. Findhorn
>
> http://www.gaia.org/findhorn/
>
> 29. Arcosanti
>
> http://www.arcosanti.org
>
> 30. Auroville
>
> http://www.webcom.com/~miraura/aa/av/av.html
>
> 31. Permaculture FAQ on the Web
>
> Hyper-Text
> http://csf.colorado.edu/perma/faq.html
>
> Ascii-Text
> http://sunsite.unc.edu/london/permaculture/faq.v1.1
>
> ==============================================================
> - * -
> ==============================================================
>
> The Permaculture FAQ was compiled by Steve Diver(*) for the
> permaculture-mg mailing list
>
> Send updates, comments, and corrections to:
> steved@ncatfyv.uark.edu
> or
> permaculture-mg@amani.ces.ncsu.edu
>
> (*) Permaculture Design Course graduate, Michaela
> Farm/Sisters of St. Francis, Oldenburg, Indiana
>
> =============================================================
> - * -
> =============================================================



  • Re: Permaculture FAQ 1.3, Emanuele John Gelsi, 06/22/1996

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