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  • From: Steve Diver <steved AT ncat.org>
  • To: compostteas AT lists.ibiblio.org
  • Subject: [compostteas] Compost water extracts, in situ and in vitro suppressive effect on some phytopathogenic fungi
  • Date: Fri, 29 Apr 2005 20:27:52 -0500

In situ and in vitro suppressive effect of agricultural composts
and their water extracts on some phytopathogenic fungi

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
Issue: Volume 18, Number 6
Date: August 2002
Pages: 551 - 558

http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016302729218


M.H. El-Masry (1), A.I. Khalil (2), M.S. Hassouna (2) and H.A.H.
Ibrahim (1)

(1) Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Graduate
Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby, Alexandria,
Egypt

(2) Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies
and Research, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt


Abstract

In situ and in vitro experiments were carried out to determine
the effect of various composts (leafy fruit compost (LFC), garden
compost (GC), and crops compost (CC)) and their water extract
on Pythium debaryanum, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici,
Sclerotium bataticola.

Compost water extract (CWE) of LFC, GC, and CC were found
to contain Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp.
and Corynebacterium spp., and the fungi Aspergillus spp.,
Rhizopus spp., and Drechslera spp., and various Actinomycetes.

In situ results indicated considerable decrease in fungal growth
around the unautoclaved compost especially in the case of
S. bataticola and F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, compared to
the autoclaved compost. In vitro tests showed that concentration
of CWE at 5, 10 and 15% (v/v) suppressed the hyphal growth of
S. bataticola by 83% using 5% CC and by 94.4% using 5% LFC
or 10% GC, and F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici by 94.4% using
either composts.

CWE of GC decreased fungal dry weight of F. oxysporum f.sp.
lycopersici by 97.7%, P. debaryanum by 92.8%, and S. bataticola
by 84.4%; CC decreased F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici by 94%,
P. debaryanum by 86.2%, and S. bataticola by 63.3%, while
CWE of LFC was the least effective against the tested fungi.
CWE produced clear inhibition zones against all the tested fungi.
Microflora found in CWE have an important role in suppressing the
growth of tested fungi.

CWE contained neither antibiotics nor siderophores. The presence
of protease, chitinase, lipase and beta-1,3 glucanase (lysogenic
enzymes) in CWE indicates a possible role in fungal degradation.

Keywords: Compost water extract - phytopathogenic fungi -
suppression



Selected References:

Deborah, R.F. 1988. Role of antibiosis in the biocontrol of plant
diseases. Annual Review of Phytopathology 26, 75–91.

Elad, Y. & Shtienberg, D. 1994. Effect of compost water extracts
on grey mould Botrytis cinerea. Crop Protection 13, 109–114.

Kai, H., Ueda, T. & Sakaguchi, M. 1990. Antimicrobial activity
of bark compost extracts. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 22,
983–986.

Madi, L., Katan, T., Katan, J. & Henis, Y. 1997. Biological
control of Sclerotium rolfsii and Verticillium dahliae by
Talaromyces flavus is mediated by different mechanisms.
Phytopathology 87, 1054–106

McQuilken, M.P., Whipps, J.M. & Lynch, J.M. 1994. Effects
of water extracts of a composted manure–straw mixture on
the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. World Journal of
Microbiology and Biotechnology 10, 20–26.

Shen, D. 2000. Beneficial microorganisms and metabolites
derived from agriculture wastes in improving plant health and
protection. Journal of Crop Protection 3, 349–366.

Theodore, M. & Toribio, J.A. 1995. Suppression of Pythium
apharidermatum in composts prepared from sugar cane factory
residues. Plant and Soil 177, 219–223.

Yohalem, D.S., Harris, R.F. & Andrews, J.H. 1994. Aqueous
extracts of spent mushroom substrate for foliar disease control.
Compost Science and Utilization 2, 67–74.

Yohalem, D.S., Nordheim, E.V. & Andrews, J.H. 1996. The
effect of water extracts of spent mushroom compost on apple
scab in the field. Phytopathology 86, 914–922.

Zhang, W., Han, D.Y., Dick, W.A., Davis, K.R. & Hoitink, H.A.J.
1998. Compost and compost water extract-induced systemic
acquired resistance in cucumber and arabidopsis. Phytopathology
88, 450–454.


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  • [compostteas] Compost water extracts, in situ and in vitro suppressive effect on some phytopathogenic fungi, Steve Diver, 04/29/2005

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