When did Jacob rule Esau? 2 Sam 8.11ff. 2 Kgs 3 also implies Edom was a vassal of Israel. When did Esau break the yoke of his brother? 1 Kgs 11.14ff; 2 Kgs 8.20ff. Regards, GEORGE ATHAS Moore Theological College (Sydney, Australia) www.moore.edu.au