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Re: [permaculture] John Parkinson (botanist), his work, " Paradisi In Sole" and Permaculture, much to be said.
Chronological
Thread
<
Chronological
>
<
Thread
>
From
: Jay Woods <woodsjaya@gmail.com>
To
: permaculture <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
Subject
: Re: [permaculture] John Parkinson (botanist), his work, " Paradisi In Sole" and Permaculture, much to be said.
Date
: Sun, 24 Nov 2013 17:57:29 -0800
There are three different copies available from the archive:
https://archive.org/details/paradisiinsolepa00parkrich
https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000703782
https://archive.org/details/paradisiinsolepa00park
I suggest you download the pdf file. The epub, DjVu, and txt versions rely
on OCR which is not too good.
On Sun, Nov 24, 2013 at 11:08 AM, Lawrence London
<lfljvenaura@gmail.com>wrote:
>
[I knew someone who owned a copy of Paradisi In Sole, W.L. Hunt, N.C.,
>
horticulturist, author, member RHS]
>
>
John Parkinson (botanist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_
(botanist)
>
>
Parkinson, born in 1567, spent his early life in
>
Yorkshire<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire
>.
>
He moved to London at the age of 14 years to become an apprentice
>
apothecary<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apothecary
>
>
.[1]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-Telegraph:_Christmas_Reads-1
>
>Rising
>
through the ranks, he eventually achieved the position of
>
apothecary <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apothecary
> to James
>
I<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England
>,
>
and a founding member of the Worshipful Society of
>
Apothecaries<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worshipful_Society_of_Apothecaries
>in
>
December 1617; until 1622 he also served on the Court of Assistants,
>
the
>
Society's governing body. In addition, he assisted the Society in obtaining
>
a grant of arms <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms
> and in
>
preparing a list of all medicines that should be stocked by an
>
apothecary.[2
>
]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-KCL-2
>
>He
>
was on the committee that published their *Pharmacopœia
>
Londinensis* (*London Pharmacopœia
>
<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacopoeia
>*) in
>
1618.[3]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-3
>
>
>
Then, on the cusp of a new science, he became
>
botanist<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanist
>to Charles
>
I <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England
>.[4]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-TAMU-4
>
>Anna
>
Parkinson, a "distant descendant"
>
[1]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-Telegraph:_Christmas_Reads-1
>
>of
>
Parkinson and the author of a new popular biography of him, asserts
>
that
>
in 1625 when Charles I's bride, Henrietta Maria of
>
France<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France
>,
>
came at the age of 15 years to live at St. James's
>
Palace<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._James%27s_Palace
>,
>
"he took on the role of introducing the young queen to
>
horticulturally<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horticulture
>sophisticated
>
circles."
>
[5]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-Telegraph-5
>
>When
>
he summed up his experience in writing *Paradisi
>
in Sole Paradisus Terrestris* (*Park-in-Sun's Terrestrial Paradise*, 1629 –
>
"Park-in-Sun" is a pun on "Parkinson"), with the explanatory subtitle *A
>
Garden of all sorts of pleasant flowers which our English ayre will permit
>
to be noursed up*, it was natural that he dedicated this work, which he
>
called his "Speaking
>
Garden",[2]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-KCL-2
>
>to
>
the queen.
>
[5]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-Telegraph-5
>
>Blanche
>
Henrey called the work the "earliest important treatise on
>
horticulture published in
>
England",[6]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-6
>
>while
>
the Hunt catalogue described it as "a very complete picture of the
>
English garden at the beginning of the seventeenth century, and in such
>
delightful, homely, literary style that gardeners cherish it even to the
>
present day."[7]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-7
>
>
>
The work, which describes the proper cultivation of plants in general, was
>
in three sections: the flower garden, the kitchen garden, and the orchard
>
garden. It did not include specific growing instructions for each type of
>
plant, but at the start of each main section Parkinson provided
>
instructions on "ordering" each type of garden, advising on situating and
>
laying out a garden, tools, soil improvement, grafting, planting and sowing
>
and the types of plants that should be included in each type of garden. It
>
contained illustrations of almost 800 plants in 108 full-page plates. Most
>
of these were original woodcuts <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodcut
>
>
made
>
by the German artist Christopher Switzer, but others appear to have been
>
copied from the works of Matthias de
>
Lobel<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_de_Lobel
>,
>
Charles de l'Écluse<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_l%27%C3%89cluse
>and
>
the *Hortus
>
Floridus*[8]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-8
>of
>
Crispijn
>
van de Passe the Elder <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crispijn_van_de_Passe
>
>.
>
[2]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-KCL-2
>
>
>
>
In *Paradisi in Sole* Parkinson hinted that he hoped to add a fourth
>
section, a garden of simples (medicinal
>
herbs).[2]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-KCL-2
>
>He
>
delivered the promise in his other great book, the monumental
>
*Theatrum
>
Botanicum* (*The Botanical Theatre* or *Theatre of Plants*) which he
>
published in 1640 at the age of 73 years. The release of this work was
>
delayed due to the popularity of Thomas Johnson's edition of John
>
Gerard<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gerard
>'s
>
book *The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes*
>
(1597).[9]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-9
>
>
*Theatrum
>
Botanicum*, with 1,688 pages of
>
text,[10]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-Telegraph:_True_to_his_roots-10
>
>describes
>
over 3,800 plants and was the most complete and beautifully
>
presented English treatise on plants of its day. It was the first work to
>
describe 33 native plants, 13 of which grew near Parkinson's
>
Middlesex<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlesex
>home. Some of these
>
plants, such as the Welsh
>
poppy <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_poppy
>, the Strawberry
>
Tree<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbutus_unedo
>and the Lady's
>
Slipper <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%27s_Slipper
>, were very common
>
but had gone unnoticed or at least
>
unrecorded.[2]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-KCL-2
>
>He
>
intended the book to be a reliable guide for apothecaries, and it
>
remained so for more than a hundred years after his
>
death.[5]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-Telegraph-5
>
>Parkinson
>
presented the work to Charles I, who conferred on him the title
>
"*Botanicus
>
Regis Primarius*" ("Royal Botanist of the First Rank") though this came
>
without a salary.[10]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-Telegraph:_True_to_his_roots-10
>
>
>
>
Parkinson actively sought new varieties of plants through his contacts
>
abroad and by financing William Boel's plant-hunting expedition to
>
Iberia<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula
>and North
>
Africa <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa
> in 1607–1608. He
>
introduced seven new plants into England and was the first gardener in
>
England to grow the great double yellow Spanish
>
daffodil<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissus_%28genus%29
>
>
.[2]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-KCL-2
>
>
>
>
His piety as a Roman
>
Catholic<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church
>is evident
>
from *Paradisi
>
in Sole*. In his introduction, Parkinson saw the botanical world as an
>
expression of divine creation, and believed that through gardens man could
>
recapture something of Eden <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_of_Eden
>.
>
Nonetheless, a short French
>
poem[11]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-11
>at
>
the foot of the title page warned the gardener against
>
hubris <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris
> and in having excessive
>
regard
>
for his efforts, for whoever tries to compare Art with Nature and gardens
>
with Eden "measures the stride of the elephant by the stride of the mite
>
and the flight of the eagle by that of the
>
gnat".[2]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-KCL-2
>
>However,
>
struggles between
>
Protestants <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism
> and Catholics
>
compelled Parkinson to keep a low
>
profile.[5]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-Telegraph-5
>
>He
>
did not attend any parish church.
>
[10]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-Telegraph:_True_to_his_roots-10
>
>At
>
the height of his success, the English
>
Civil War <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War
> (1642–1651)
>
tore
>
his family apart.[5]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-Telegraph-5
>
>
>
>
Parkinson's London house was in Ludgate
>
Hill<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludgate_Hill
>,
>
but his botanical garden was in suburban Long Acre in Covent
>
Garden<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covent_Garden
>
>
,[5]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-Telegraph-5
>
>a
>
district of
>
market-gardens <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_gardening
>, today
>
close
>
to Trafalgar Square <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafalgar_Square
>. Not
>
much is known about the garden, but based on a study of the writings of
>
Parkinson and others, John Riddell has
>
suggested[12]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-12
>
>that
>
it was at least 2 acres (8,100 m
>
2) in size and probably surrounded by a wall. Four hundred and eighty-four
>
types of plant are recorded as having been grown in the
>
garden.[2]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-KCL-2
>
>Thomas
>
Johnson and the
>
Hampshire <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampshire
> botanist, John
>
Goodyer<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Goodyer
>,
>
both gathered seeds
>
there.[4]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-TAMU-4
>
>
>
>
Parkinson has been called one of the most eminent gardeners of his day. He
>
maintained close relations with other important English and
>
Continental<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_Europe
>botanists,
>
herbalists and
>
plantsmen <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantsman
> such as William Coys,
>
John
>
Gerard <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gerard
>, John Tradescant the
>
elder<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tradescant_the_elder
>(who was
>
a close friend), Vespasian Robin, and the
>
Frenchman <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France
> Matthias de
>
Lobel<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_de_Lobel
>(also known as
>
Matthias de L'Obel or Matthaeus Lobelius). Together, they
>
belonged to the generation that began to see extraordinary new plants
>
coming from the Levant <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant
> and from
>
Virginia <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia
>, broadly speaking. In his
>
writings, de Lobel frequently mentioned the Long Acre garden and praised
>
Parkinson's abilities. Parkinson, on his part, edited and presented in
>
*Theatrum
>
Botanicum* the papers of de Lobel, who had spent the final years of his
>
life in Highgate <
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highgate
> supervising the
>
gardens of Edward la Zouche, the 11th Baron
>
Zouche<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_la_Zouche,_11th_Baron_Zouche
>
>
.[2]<
>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parkinson_%28botanist%29#cite_note-KCL-2
>
>
>
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[permaculture] John Parkinson (botanist), his work, " Paradisi In Sole" and Permaculture, much to be said.
,
Lawrence London, 11/24/2013
Re: [permaculture] John Parkinson (botanist), his work, " Paradisi In Sole" and Permaculture, much to be said.
,
Jay Woods, 11/24/2013
Re: [permaculture] John Parkinson (botanist), his work, " Paradisi In Sole" and Permaculture, much to be said.
,
Lawrence London, 11/24/2013
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