From: "Lawrence F. London, Jr." <venaurafarm@bellsouth.net>
To: permaculture <permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org>
Subject: [permaculture] Terra Preta & Biochar
Date: Wed, 20 Oct 2010 13:40:21 -0400
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Re: [SANET-MG] Terra Preta
Date: Wed, 20 Oct 2010 02:09:37 EDT
From: Neal Van Milligen <CAVM@AOL.COM>
To: SANET-MG@LISTS.IFAS.UFL.EDU
There are any number of terra preta or bio-char production sites in
Google. In a nutshell it is the roasting of ground organic matter to
produce what is essentially charcoal.
The roasting process, or pyrolysis, can be polluting if done the old
fashioned low tech way. In modern techniques the gases given off by the
roasting or torrefaction of biomass is CO, CO2, methane and H2. If
ambient air is used to stoke the process a significant amount of N will
also be in the gas, up to 50%. In an oxygen deprived process the gases
will provide a valuable substitute for propane with slightly less BTU
per scf. If air is used in the process the gas will be a weak but
still valuable flammable byproduct with BTU content from 135 to 300 per
scf.. It can be used to power an engine or a generator or to produce
heat for other uses such as to distill water or cooking.
If the biomass used in the process costs $20 per green ton the bio-char
terra preta will have about $100 per ton cost due to loss of moisture
and reduction in volume. This excludes equipment, labor, site,
maintenance, etc, etc. However, in many cases the biomass will have a
negative cost, you are paid to take it.
Different biomass inputs and different process techniques will result in
different qualities of char. There is still more art than science
involved and experience pays good dividends in this.
Neal
In a message dated 10/19/2010 11:59:54 P.M. Central Daylight Time,
lflj@bellsouth.net writes:
On 10/20/2010 12:09 AM, Neal Van Milligen wrote:
I read that a 140% increase in corn yields in a study done in Columbia
was attributed to the use of Terra Preta or char.
This is stunning considering the ease with which the char can beproduced.
It is amazing for sure. Charcoal has an incredible amount of surface
area and can store and retain (w/o leaching) an amazing amount of
nutrients. Initially, with a constructed biochar farmsite there is a
deficiency of nitrogen as the charcoal soaks up to capacity N from
surrounding soil, then it is released to the plants. I always thought
it was diffcult, polluting and expensive to produce.
You say otherwise. Do you know of websites illustrating efficient
methods of producing biochar?
LL
[permaculture] Terra Preta & Biochar,
Lawrence F. London, Jr., 10/20/2010