From: Wesley Roe and Santa Barbara Permaculture Network <lakinroe@silcom.com>
To: permaculture@lists.ibiblio.org
Subject: [permaculture] ODE MAGAZINE Building the Blue Economy Gunter Pauli Issue 65 Dec 2009
Date: Thu, 1 Apr 2010 05:40:30 -0700
ODEMAGAZINE.COM DECEMBER 2009 SPECIAL ISSUE 65.
Building the Blue Economy, with Gunter Pauli
~ April 23, 24, 25, 2010 ~
Santa Barbara City College Campus, Santa Barbara, California
Event information, (805) 962-2571; margie@sbpermaculture.org,
www.sbpermaculture.org.
Building the Blue Economy Gunter Pauli
Nature itself shows us how to innovate, generate wealth and create jobs http://www.odemagazine.com/
HUMANITY'S LEAP TOWARD
Sustainability requires more than buildings with a green feature or a
recycling program for a single waste stream. We will achieve
sustainability when we design our systems the way ecosystems function
and evolve. Ecosystems connect, creating networks of networks, where
each contributes to the best of its ability, operates with clearly
defined boundaries and endlessly cascades nutrients and energy using
the enduring laws of physics. The same management principles apply in
deserts, alpine mountain ranges, wetlands or tropical rainforests.
Traditional business thinks that only shedding jobs can increase
productivity. Nature knows better. At a time of crisis, with millions
out of work and hundreds of millions facing bleak futures, we need to
put the blue job machine to work. Natural systems unleash local
entrepreneurship.
They show us the ways of right livelihood, what is right for the
planet, right for the commons and right for a generation of youth
seeking useful, rewarding work.
Today's business models have failed. The path to success through
mergers and acquisitions, leveraged assets, permanent debt and exotic
financial tools was really a path to collapse. This generation and
future ones are threatened with trillions in debt, with no promise or
hope of increased well-being.
Today's green business model has also failed to achieve its vision
and goals. The idea that business would provide more capital and
consumers would pay more to reduce our carbon footprint languished
even when everyone believed the economy would grow forever. When
governments are sinking into debt and millions are unsure they will
have a job tomorrow, how can paying more motivate anyone?
This model, rooted in romanticism, can only succeed for those who are
wealthy enough to equate a cleaner conscience with a cleaner planet.
Replacing a toxic process with a less toxic alternative is "doing
less bad." This is exactly the approach that sees billions of dollars
invested in less toxic and longer lasting batteries. Yet, even less
toxic batteries rely on mining, smelting and toxic
chemistry. Even less toxic batteries will be dumped into the
environment and landfills, poisoning our ecosystem and posing long
term health hazards. Is it enough to do less bad? A thief is a thief
even if today's theft is less than the last. Companies receive
environmental awards for polluting less even as they continue
polluting!
The Blue Economy replaces bad with good. For example, fire- and
flame-retardants produced from food-grade ingredients protect without
endangering our food supply or poisoning our homes. Blue transcends
green because it does not depend on wealth or capital to afford
economic or ecological savings. Instead, it orders and joins
processes through the wisdom of nature.
It works in the First World; it works in the Third World. It produces
revenue rather than promises of something good downstream. It
produces jobs. Biomimicry has shown us the wonders nature can teach
us. Yet, these ideas have had no appreciable effect on even First
World economies with capital, much less Third Word economies without.
Blue transcends green because it does not simply marvel at nature but
follows nature's systems and considers the whole. In a blue economy,
sustainable efficiency is achieved by substituting what is not needed
with what is functional and by combining several innovative
technologies into an integrated whole, just as habitats and
ecosystems do.
Every people, every nation needs pragmatic means to achieve
sustainability and resource efficiency. The principles of the Blue
Economy will work because they can be, and have already been, adopted
in commerce, large and small. Cheerleading people to do the right
thing or incremental improvements in energy efficiency will never
accomplish what can be achieved by producing income, cutting costs or
improving marketability.
The Blue Economy seeks sustainability by creating economic value.
Business can use these principles to become more efficient, to
provide jobs and to earn income while reducing the risks and social
costs of pollution. Young entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurs young at
heart, can develop sustainable enterprises that offer meaningful
work, valuable products and social equity.
The Blue Economy articulates a set of principles. One central
principle is to cascade nutrients and energy the way ecosystems do. A
cascade is a waterfall. It requires no power; it flows with the force
of gravity. It transports nutrients between biological
kingdoms-absorbed minerals feed microorganisms, microorganisms feed
plants, plants feed other species, with the waste of one becoming
nourishment for another. Cascading energy and nutrients leads to
sustainability by reducing or eliminating inputs such as energy and
eliminating waste and its costs, not just as pollution but also as
inefficient use of materials. In ecosystems there is no waste because
the byproducts of one process are inputs to another process.
These principles closely align with the ways ecosystems thrive: All
aspects are sustainable; toxins are contained; use what is locally
available, such as naturally recurring energy resources that depend
on the laws of physics; respond to all environmental and human needs;
always evolve to higher levels of efficiency, from efficiency to
sufficiency to abundance; always cascade energy and nutrients,
leverage multiple revenue streams to create a geometric return on
investment; leave nothing to waste, everything generates value;
everyone plays a unique role-full employment; use a bundle of
innovations to solve a systemic problem.
One example to light our way forward and exemplify the principles is
the case of the silk worm: its nontoxic, natural biopolymer and its
ecosystem. Millennia ago, when the Chinese faced a growing demand for
food and limited land, they embarked on a quest for additional arable
farmland. They learned that the wild moth's caterpillar, known as
the "silkworm"- even though it is not a worm- converts leaves to
nutrients, which easily blend with soil bacteria, quickly attracting
micro-organisms. They hypothesized that this natural symbiosis of
caterpillars and trees could regenerate and maintain soil fertility,
thus guaranteeing food security for an expanding population.
When, according to Chinese legend, the Chinese Empress Si-Ling-Chi
("lady of the silkworm") discovered the manufacture of silk, the
experiment that had begun to regenerate topsoil led to the production
of silk cloth. Thus, when synthetic polymers made from petrochemicals
replaced a renewable (silk) with a non-renewable (petroleum),
farmlands were deprived of millions of tons of fertilizer. The
millennial experience of regenerating topsoil fell into oblivion
since it's byproduct could not compete in the modern market. Worse,
while plastics and polymers made their inroads into every segment of
society, the land now required fertilizers for continued production.
This increased the energy input for fertilizers, furthering our
dependency on fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
The Silk Group in Oxford University's Department of Zoology, directed
by Professor Fritz Vollrath, is a creative resource for biocompatible
polymers. While working in Panama, Vollrath encountered the "golden
silk orb weaver" spider. By studying how this spider composed and
recycled its silk, and its three-dimensional spinning techniques, the
Silk Group is able to produce equipment and processes to manufacture
silk tubes and filaments as conduits for nerve regeneration, medical
sutures and medical devices to regenerate damaged cartilage and bone
tissues, as well as replacing titanium in products as varied as
airplane parts and razors. If we compare a the life cycle of titanium
with the simplicity of converting mulberry leaves to silk, or to
manufacturing processes that control pressure and moisture at
more-or-less ambient temperatures, we quickly understand how we can
move toward sustainability with the outcome of greenhouse gas
reduction.
Likewise, if you only sequester the CO2 produced by carbon-based
electrical generation, you only reduce the load. If you use a
generation station's existing water retention basins and produce
algae with the exhaust CO2, you eliminate the CO2 and produce
biofuel. Ninety percent of the infrastructuren is already in place
and financed. Therefore, fixing carbon requires only a small
additional investment and the new revenue stream from biofuel more
than compensates for the cost. Compare this with pumping CO2 into oil
wells or the deep under the
ocean. In Brazil, applying this approach produces four cash flows:
carbon credits, spirulina for nutrition, fuels made from the algae
lipids and esters from the algae remains, which are ideal for
cosmetics.
The conversion of this massive waste, especially agro-waste, finds
profound inspiration in ecosystems. Take the case of sugar mainly
sourced from cane. The sugar content of cane is limited to 10 to 15
percent. Thus, each ton of sugar produced accounts for only 10 to 15
percent of the biomass. The rest is waste known bagasse."
Bagasse is typically incinerated and provides a cheap source of
energy. Where natural systems seldom use fire as a source of energy,
we humans use fire all the time. To us, it so often seems the best
way forward that we ignore better options.
The only component of bagasse that really provides energy is lignin.
The rest, hemicellulose and cellulose, creates massive carbon
emissions because these substances burn without contributing useful
heat. It makes ecological sense to use bagasse to produce paper and
cardboard. Of course, paper industry officials will argue that it is
not the right type of fiber. Given current production systems and the
one-and-only myopia derived from decades of research and development,
they are right. This tropical fiber does not fit their supply chain
management, which is based on pines and eucalyptus, which are planted
massively around the world. However, a quick calculation produces
some astonishing figures. At a rate of 15 to 30 tons per acre
annually, bagasse provides 100 to 200 tons of fiber during the seven
years required to grow the fastest-growing pine trees to maturity. In
terms of fiber, sugar cane beats the best genetically modified trees
from temperate climates. Paper or pollution? Solar power
concentration is already an emerging and proven industry in Spain.
Concentrating solar energy using optical principles inspired by the
dragonfly can power a generator, a technology that is well developed
and easily implemented. By 2050, annual investments in concentrated
solar power could exceed $100 billion, creating almost two million
jobs and saving 2.1 billion tons of CO2.
A vortex can remove air, salt and other impurities using only the
force of gravity. Vortex technology allows the water that flushes
toilets on the 10th floor to be reused just one or two floors below,
thus reducing by a factor of 10 the water wasted flushing toilets.
By employing gravity powered vortex devices to replace the toxic
chemistry used to purifying water, or the energy required to make
potable water from the sea, we move a bit closer to a sustainable
world. If you produce ice, you freeze both water
and air. Air is an insulator and the energy needed to freeze and
maintain the ice in hockey rinks and ice arenas is dependent on the
amount of air the water contains. Many cities around the world find
that the energy costs of ice rinks are one of their highest
expenditures. When a vortex eliminates the air, the energy savings
are a positive contribution, reducing costs and decreasing the effect
on climate change by eliminating the greenhouse gases from 100,000 kW
hours per year of electrical generation.
An initiative by Carmenza Jaramillo in cooperation with the Colombian
Coffee Growers Association demonstrates the possibility of converting
biomass wasted on coffee farms to food, providing proof that a cash
crop's waste can provide food security. The research started in 1994
and built on the pioneering work of Professor Shuting Chang of the
Chinese University of Hong Kong, who generated as many shiitake
mushrooms on coffee waste substrate as on oak trees that were logged
and shredded to dust. Ivanka Milenkovic of the University of Belgrade
contributed scientific research establishing that, after harvesting
the mushrooms, the spent substrate is a quality animal feed. The
supply of mushroom and
animal protein increases disposable income while providing cash from
exports. This system positively impacts the provision of food and
creates local employment. As a result, today an estimated 10,000
people have direct and indirect jobs, including distribution and
packaging.
An extension of the program in Zimbabwe headed by Chido Govero lifts
orphans out of poverty. The employment potential exceeds 50 million
jobs if all the coffee farms around the world were to apply this
cascading of nutrients. If this
program were extended to tea farms and apple orchards, the employment
potential doubles to 100 million. The potential food generating
capacity will exceed the present tonnage of all fish farming.
Such projects will usher in the Blue Economy. Innovators and
entrepreneurs around the world are finding ways to use natural
physics and biochemistry to cascade matter and energy in fully
harmonious and renewable flows. They are accumulating wealth,
generating value and providing jobs using what is readily available.
In a Blue Economy, the current unsustainable models of production and
consumption will be outdated and eliminated. A vicious cycle of
over-exploitation of labor and the Earth, with an ever-increasing
burden of carbon emissions, will cease. It will become a virtuous
cycle of using what is available, increasing social capital
incrementally and bringing innovations to the marketplace that help
meet the basic needs of all. The Blue Economy can enhance our
lifestyles, benefit our planet and use and conserve materials and
energy in remarkable ways.
Let us cease to demand more of the Earth and those who toil. Let us
do more with what we have, and with what nature generates unceasingly.
Special offer for Ode readers:
To order Gunter Pauli's book, The Blue Economy: 10 Years, 100
Innovations, 100,000,000 Jobs, please send an email to
blueeconomy@paradigm-n pubs.com. You will receive notification when
the book is available
in early 2010
[permaculture] ODE MAGAZINE Building the Blue Economy Gunter Pauli Issue 65 Dec 2009,
Wesley Roe and Santa Barbara Permaculture Network, 04/01/2010