Oftentimes, UN people tend to think inside the box.
Recently, the New Internationalist, a magazine devoted to grassroots
global development, had a whole issue devoted to permaculture.
Any thoughts on how composting toilets fit into the picture below?
Should we think about how to recycle human waste into fertilizer, or
build expensive water treatment plants? Is it as simple as that when
many of the 2.6 billion live in slums?
-- Jim
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By Thalif Deen, UN Bureau Chief, Inter Press Service
*Stocholm, 17 August, (IPS):* There are more than 2.6 billion people,
roughly 42 percent of the world's population, waiting in line for
toilets that just do not exist. That's a reality, says the United
Nations, which will launch the "International Year of Sanitation", come
November.
"No private toilets, no public toilets, no toilets anywhere," chimes in
the London-based non-governmental organization End Water Poverty,
following a survey of some of the world's poorest nations in Asia,
Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.
The organization, whose global campaign calls for "water and sanitation
for all", declares: "The international effort on sanitation and water is
in disarray."
Why do sanitation and water remain low priorities? "A lack of political
will to push through changes that benefit the poorest and the most
vulnerable people in the world."
The UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) points out that more than one billion
people worldwide have gained access to improved sanitation over the past
14 years. Still, an estimated 2.6 billion people, including 980 million
children, have lagged behind.
"Children are especially vulnerable to diseases caused by lack of proper
sanitation," says UNICEF executive director Ann Veneman. "Poor
sanitation and hygiene and unsafe water claim the lives of an estimated
over 1.5 million children under the age of five every year."
At any one time, half of the world's hospital beds are occupied by
patients suffering from water-borne diseases, according to the
Geneva-based World Health Organization (WHO).
And in sub-Saharan Africa, a baby's chance of dying from diarrhoea is
almost 520 times that of a baby born in Europe or the United States.
At the World Water Week conference in the Swedish capital, Anders
Berntell, executive director of the Stockholm International Water
Institute, cited WHO statistics indicating that in 38 of the 46 African
countries more children under the age of five die from diarrhoea than
HIV/AIDS.
"Still, HIV/AIDS gets much more attention internationally than
diarrhoea, caused by inadequate sanitation and lacking hygiene," headded.
Berntell said "we still don't manage to get this message across, and I
think we need to turn to ourselves, to critically analyze how we
canimprove in getting acceptance for what we know are facts."
In a publication titled "Water for Life Decade, 2005-2015", the United
Nations has reinforced the grim facts and statistics relating to water
and sanitation.
"Lack of safe water and adequate sanitation is the world's single
largest cause of illness," it says, and "can spread such diseases as
diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, hepatitis, polio, trachoma and
tapeworms -- many of which can be fatal to people in the developingworld."
And there are other water-associated diseases, such as malaria and
filariasis, that affect vast populations worldwide. Malaria alone kills
more than one million people every year.
The UN warns that increased urbanization is also placing an enormous
strain on existing water and sanitation infrastructure.
"Urban centres in developing countries have grown rapidly without
adequate infrastructure planning, resulting in million of immigrants who
have little access to safe sanitation or water supplies. This puts the
entire population at risk, causing serious environmental damage."
Among a laundry list of "what needs to be done", the world body is
calling for increased investments in sanitation infrastructure such as
latrines and toilets in homes and in every school.
The UN is also calling the participation of women in the planning and
designing of water and sanitation facilities -- looking at both issues
from gender perspectives.
Other recommendations include: programmes on water, sanitation
andhygiene education in every school; effective and sustained advocacy
on water, sanitation and hygiene at all levels; and making water and
sanitation a priority in disaster-response planning.
Anticipating a crisis, the 192-member UN General Assembly decided in
2006 to designate 2008 the "International Year of Sanitation", to begin
in November.
To coincide with the launch, the World Toilet Association in South Korea
is holding an international conference, Nov. 21-25, to focus
specifically on the global shortage of toilets and sanitary facilities.
Sim Jae-Duck, a member of the South Korean National Assembly and
chairman of the organizing committee for the upcoming Seoul conference,
told IPS that an "appalling 40 percent of the world population is living
without toilets or proper sanitation, causing enormous losses of human
life due to the spread of disease."
It is unfortunate, he said, that there is yet no international
organization specifically interested in problems relating to sanitation.
"We plan to set up such an organisation," he said, perhaps with the
collaboration of several countries that are expected to participate in
the conference, including China, Japan, Russia, Britain, United States,
Brazil, Turkey and South Africa.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is confident that the International
Year of Sanitation will shift the focus onto one of the most neglected
health issues of our times: the lack of proper sanitation.
"Let us make this a remarkable year of global sanitation achievement,
one that generates real, positive changes for the millions, or even
billions of people, who do not yet enjoy this basic ingredient of human
welfare," he told a preparatory meeting in May.
"Access to sanitation is a fundamental issue of human dignity and human
rights, and also of economic development and environmental protection,"
he argued.
Around the world, he said, "about two out of every five of our fellow
human beings lack access to sanitation services... This is simply
unacceptable."