Subject: [permaculture] Sweden Plans to Be World's First Oil-Free Economy
Date: Wed, 08 Feb 2006 11:16:13 -0800
Published on Wednesday, February 8, 2006 by the Guardian
<http://www.guardian.co.uk> / UK
Sweden Plans to Be World's First Oil-Free Economy
· 15-year limit set for switch to renewable energy
· Biofuels favoured over further nuclear power
by John Vidal
Sweden is to take the biggest energy step of any advanced western
economy by trying to wean itself off oil completely within 15 years -
without building a new generation of nuclear power stations.
Sweden...gets almost all its electricity from nuclear and hydroelectric
power, and relies on fossil fuels mainly for transport. Almost all its
heating has been converted in the past decade to schemes which
distribute steam or hot water generated by geothermal energy or waste heat.
The attempt by the country of 9 million people to become the world's
first practically oil-free economy is being planned by a committee of
industrialists, academics, farmers, car makers, civil servants and
others, who will report to parliament in several months.
The intention, the Swedish government said yesterday, is to replace all
fossil fuels with renewables before climate change destroys economies
and growing oil scarcity leads to huge new price rises.
"Our dependency on oil should be broken by 2020," said Mona Sahlin,
minister of sustainable development. "There shall always be better
alternatives to oil, which means no house should need oil for heating,
and no driver should need to turn solely to gasoline."
According to the energy committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of
Sciences, there is growing concern that global oil supplies are peaking
and will shortly dwindle, and that a global economic recession could
result from high oil prices.
Ms Sahlin has described oil dependency as one of the greatest problems
facing the world. "A Sweden free of fossil fuels would give us enormous
advantages, not least by reducing the impact from fluctuations in oil
prices," she said. "The price of oil has tripled since 1996."
A government official said: "We want to be both mentally and technically
prepared for a world without oil. The plan is a response to global
climate change, rising petroleum prices and warnings by some experts
that the world may soon be running out of oil."
Sweden, which was badly hit by the oil price rises in the 1970s, now
gets almost all its electricity from nuclear and hydroelectric power,
and relies on fossil fuels mainly for transport. Almost all its heating
has been converted in the past decade to schemes which distribute steam
or hot water generated by geothermal energy or waste heat. A 1980
referendum decided that nuclear power should be phased out, but this has
still not been finalised.
The decision to abandon oil puts Sweden at the top of the world green
league table. Iceland hopes by 2050 to power all its cars and boats with
hydrogen made from electricity drawn from renewable resources, and
Brazil intends to power 80% of its transport fleet with ethanol derived
mainly from sugar cane within five years.
Last week George Bush surprised analysts by saying that the US was
addicted to oil and should greatly reduce imports from the Middle East.
The US now plans a large increase in nuclear power.
The British government, which is committed to generating 10% of its
electricity from renewable sources by 2012, last month launched an
energy review which has a specific remit to consider a large increase in
nuclear power. But a report by accountants Ernst & Young yesterday said
that the UK was falling behind in its attempt to meet its renewables target.
"The UK has Europe's best wind, wave and tidal resources yet it
continues to miss out on its economic potential," said Jonathan Johns,
head of renewable energy at Ernst & Young.
Energy ministry officials in Sweden said they expected the oil committee
to recommend further development of biofuels derived from its massive
forests, and by expanding other renewable energies such as wind and wave
power.
Sweden has a head start over most countries. In 2003, 26% of all the
energy consumed came from renewable sources - the EU average is 6%. Only
32% of the energy came from oil - down from 77% in 1970.
The Swedish government is working with carmakers Saab and Volvo to
develop cars and lorries that burn ethanol and other biofuels. Last year
the Swedish energy agency said it planned to get the public sector to
move out of oil. Its health and library services are being given grants
to convert from oil use and homeowners are being encouraged with green
taxes. The paper and pulp industries use bark to produce energy, and
sawmills burn wood chips and sawdust to generate power.
[permaculture] Sweden Plans to Be World's First Oil-Free Economy,
Saor Stetler, 02/08/2006