From: David P Donnelly <davedonnelly1 AT juno.com>
To: b-hebrew AT lists.ibiblio.org
Subject: [b-hebrew] Please report problems with the Unicode/XML Westminster Leningrad Codex
Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2011 08:38:24 -0500
I am just reporting that the Unicode/XML Westminster Leningrad Codex is
operating very-very slowly in Lexington, Massachusetts USA.
For what its worth Lexington is experiencing Blizzard conditions,
although at this moment,
I can only measure 12 " of new overnight snow at the bottom of my
driveway.
Dave Donnelly
Viewers of the Unicode/XML Westminster Leningrad Codex at
are reminded to report problems with the site immediately so they can
be repaired to the benefit of others.
Problems include, but are not limited to: broken links, slow service,
confusing instructions.
____________________________________________________________
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>From JimStinehart AT aol.com Wed Jan 12 10:20:35 2011
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Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2011 10:20:06 EST
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Subject: Re: [b-hebrew] words with the same root letters: XCC-N TMR
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Dr. Fournet:
=20
We are trying to figure out the meaning and identity of XCC-N TMR at=20
Genesis 14: 7 [heth-tsade-tsade-nun tav-mem-resh].
=20
1. Although madi is the native Hurrian word for =E2=80=9Cwisdom=E2=80=9D,=
we see=20
xa-tsi-tsi, which is a loanword from Akkadian, used for =E2=80=9Cwisdom=E2=
=80=9D by the Hurrians at=20
p. 22 of your website:
=20
=E2=80=9C*[ijadama xadzidzidama] and to Ea and the wisdom (Hasis)=E2=80=9D
=20
2. The Akkadian cuneiform of the Amarna Letters distinguishes tsade/C fro=
m=20
shin/$ and sin/% [or s]. XCC in Hebrew is not a perfect match to xa-si-su=
=20
in Akkadian or to xa-si in Amarna Letter EA 175, because the sibilants the=
re=20
are sin/%/s, not tsade/C. Though the Hurrian sibilants are not always=20
clear, your rendering of xa-tsi-tsi at p. 87 of your website shows that XC=
C in=20
Hebrew is a perfect match to xa-tsi-tsi in Hurrian. =20
=20
3. As to a -ni suffix for this word, the native Hurrian word for =E2=80=
=9Cwisdom=E2=80=9D=20
is madi, and for =E2=80=9Cwise=E2=80=9D is madonni, with a -ni ending. Th=
us an abstract=20
noun like madi or xa-tsi-tsi in Hurrian can take -ni [or -nni] as a suffix=
. =20
Such a suffix would be rendered as -N in Biblical Hebrew.
=20
4. Tam-ri means =E2=80=9Cnine=E2=80=9D in Hurrian. The =E2=80=9Cwisdom=
=E2=80=9D of the Hurrians as to=20
primeval matters centered around the number nine, as the only three number=
s=20
I know of in Hurrian primeval mythology are (i) nine, (ii) nine, and (iii)=
=20
nine thousand. In particular, the Hurrians thought that each of the first=
=20
two primeval gods had reigned for nine years.
=20
5. Accordingly, XCC-N TMR at Genesis 14: 7 makes perfect sense when=20
analyzed from a Hurrian perspective. XCC is xa-tsi-tsi, being an Akkadian=
=20
loanword that the Hurrians on occasion used for =E2=80=9Cwisdom=E2=80=9D.=
-N is the ubiquitous=20
Hurrian suffix that can apply to =E2=80=9Cwisdom=E2=80=9D in Hurrian, whet=
her madi or=20
xa-tsi-tsi. TMR is the Hurrian word for =E2=80=9Cnine=E2=80=9D. Given th=
at Hurrian primeval=20
mythology centers on the number nine, the following makes sense in Hurrian=
as a=20
city name, though it likely would make little sense to any other peoples:=
=E2=80=9C
Wisdom-the Nine=E2=80=9D. That phrase would be rendered in Biblical Hebre=
w as XCC-N=20
TMR, just as we see at Genesis 14: 7.
=20
6. There are two alternative explanations of xasi at Amarna Letter EA 175=
.=20
I have previously suggested that xasi is a shortened form of xasisu in=20
Akkadian, and as such is a shortened form of xa-tsi-tsi in Hurrian. Anoth=
er=20
possibility is that xasi is the Hurrian word for =E2=80=9Cto hear=E2=80=9D=
, which is usually=20
spelled xaz- or xa$- in Hurrian. The sibilants are not an exact match,=20
though they=E2=80=99re close, and the meaning is different, but it=E2=80=
=99s somewhat related. =20
Both of these approaches can be matched to Hurrian names at Nuzi, which=20
include XaCi-Ya [or XaZi-Ya], XaCianNi [or XaZianNi], Xasi-ya and Xa$i-ya,=
=20
Xasi-u and Xa$i-u, and Xa$i. Each of Xasi-u and Xasi-ya look a lot like=
Xa-si=20
at Amarna Letter EA 175, with the only difference being that the Nuzi name=
s=20
add a standard Hurrian suffix. Since the Hurrian word for =E2=80=9Cto hea=
r=E2=80=9D is=20
spelled xaz- or xa$-, but not xas-, one has to ask if Xasi-ya and Xasi-u=
at=20
Nuzi, and the city name Xasi, may be plays on a shortened form of xasisi,=
the=20
Hurrian/Akkadian word for =E2=80=9Cwisdom=E2=80=9D. At a minimum, all of=
the following are=20
possible in Hurrian, either as names at Nuzi or as common words: XaCiCi,=
=20
XaCiCi-Ni, Xasisi, XaCi and Xasi. The first three clearly mean =E2=80=9Cw=
isdom=E2=80=9D. The=20
last two are ambiguous: they may mean =E2=80=9Cto hear=E2=80=9D, or they=
may be a=20
shortened form of =E2=80=9Cwisdom=E2=80=9D. One has to wonder if Xasi-ya=
was ambiguous to the=20
Hurrians themselves [where the -ya suffix is a standard Hurrian theophoric=
]. It=20
could either mean =E2=80=9CHear God=E2=80=9D, if Xasi is an unattested for=
m of the verb =E2=80=9C
to hear=E2=80=9D, which is normally spelled xaz- or xa$- [but not xas-],=
or it could=20
mean =E2=80=9CWisdom of God=E2=80=9D, if Xasi is a shortened form of xasis=
i, meaning =E2=80=9Cwisdom
=E2=80=9D. Perhaps it meant both? Could Xasi-ya mean both, whereas Xa$i-=
ya, by=20
contrast, would solely mean =E2=80=9CHear God=E2=80=9D? We must remember=
that the Hurrians=20
very often shortened words, such as substituting Te- for Te$up, in proper=
=20
names. Even if every one of these Nuzi names is based on the Hurrian verb=
=E2=80=9Cto=20
hear=E2=80=9D, rather than on the Hurrian/Akkadian noun =E2=80=9Cwisdom=E2=
=80=9D, one can still=20
imagine XaCiCi-Ni/=E2=80=9Cthe Wisdom=E2=80=9D being shortened in Hurrian=
to Xasi/=E2=80=9Chear=E2=80=9D=20
[though the meanings would be different]. The Hurrian name Xasi at Nuzi=
might,=20
however, be a shortened form of the Hurrian/Akkadian word for =E2=80=9Cwis=
dom=E2=80=9D,=20
xasisi. Either way, (i) a Hurrian city name XaCiCi-Ni could get shortened=
to=20
Xasi [with it being unclear if the meaning changes], and (ii) the fact tha=
t=20
XaCiCi is a loanword from Akkadian and can alternatively be spelled Xasisi=
in=20
Hurrian makes it easier to see Xasi as being a shortened form of XaCiCi-Ni=
=20
[regardless of whether the meaning changes].
=20
7. Your repeated insistence that xa-tsi-tsi in Hurrian is a loanword from=
=20
xa-si-su in Akkadian greatly strengthens my case. That creates a natural=
=20
link between XCC-N at Genesis 14: 7 and Xa-si at Amarna Letter EA 175. =20
Finding Xasi + suffix as a Hurrian name at Nuzi also helps. I see XCC-N=
=20
TMR/xa-tsi-tsi-ni tam-ri at Genesis 14: 7 as being one and the same place=
as Xa-si at=20
Amarna Letter EA 175. The former is the long-form Hurrian rendering, and=
=20
the latter is a shortened version in Akkadian and/or Hurrian, Just as an=
=20
American can shorten =E2=80=9CSan Francisco=E2=80=9D to =E2=80=9CFrisco=E2=
=80=9D, so could a Hurrian shorten=20
Xa-tsi-tsi-ni Tam-ri to Xa-si.
=20
Jim Stinehart
Evanston, Illinois
[b-hebrew] Please report problems with the Unicode/XML Westminster Leningrad Codex,
David P Donnelly, 01/12/2011