This permissive vs. causative theory says that this verse would better be translated "...* but I will let his heart be hardened*..." as to remove from God any active action in doing something evil. To further drive home the point, we see that Rotherham's Emphasized Bible translates this verse as... “And Yahweh said unto Moses, When thou goest to return to Egypt, see as touching all the wonders which I have put in thy hand, that thou do them before Pharaoh—*but, I, will let his heart wax bold*, and he will not suffer the people to go.” —Exodus 4:21 Rotherham
What is your take on this phenomenon?
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