http://www.outreachjudaism.org/satan.html
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Why weren't the rabbis stunned by these Jewish teachings on Satan?
Because the Hebrew scriptures explicitly declare that the Almighty
Himself places both the good and the evil that He created before
mankind in order to provide His prime creation with free will.
Deuteronomy 30:15 states,
See, I [God] have set before thee this day life and good, and death and evil.
In Isaiah 45:7, the prophet describes God's creation plan when he reports that,
I form the light, and create darkness; I make peace, and create evil;
I the Lord do all these things.
-4. a., but certainly not to be separated from 4 b; -i. ra¦{ misfortune 1K 228.18 (:: to®b)/2C 187 l§ra¦{a® (:: l§to®ba¦h), v. 17 l§ra¦{ (:: to®b); Hab 29a Zeph 315 Ps 234 Jb 519 Pr 514 1221, ha¦ra¦{ Dt 3015 (parallel with hama¦wet×), ba¦ra¦{ Gn 4434; -ii. b§ra¦{ in the midst of evil circumstances Ex 519, into evil (misfortune) Pr 1317, lo¦}-b§ra¦{ protected from misfortune Ps 106, cf. Kraus BK 15:216; -iii. b§ra¦{a® in evil circumstances 2K 1410 2C 2519; -iv. yo®m ra¦{ the evil day, meaning the day of misfortune Am 63 (see above A 7 a), pl. y§me® ra¦{ Ps 496 9413; -b. i. ra¦{ harm Gn 4816 Is 312 457 (parallel with sûa¦lo®m), Mi 112 Ps 1217 14012 Jb 3129, ha¦ra¦{ Ps 547; l§ra{ lo® Qoh 89, l§ra{ la¦kem Jr 76 257 to his your harm! (see above, B 3 b); -ii. la¦ra¦{ for evil, for harm Ps 566, into ruin (REB: crime, cf. NRSV: evil) Is 597 Pr 116 2112.
Isaiah 45:7 and Deuteronomy 30:15, however, pose a serious
theological problem for Christians who maintain that God did not
create Satan, the angel of evil.
According to Christian doctrine,
Satan was the highest-ranking angel who, through his own act of
spiritual defiance and outright disobedience, became the chief
adversary and slanderer of God and the embodiment of evil in this
world. In Christian theology God never created evil; He is only the
author of righteousness and perfection, as you maintained in your
question. Therefore, God could never create something as sinister as
the devil himself. Rather, Satan's unyielding wickedness is the
result of his own spiritual rebellion.
Although this well-known Christian doctrine has much in common with
the pagan Zoroastrian Persian dualism out of which it was born,
it is
completely alien to the teachings of the Jewish faith and the words
of the Jewish scriptures.
In fact, the Christian teaching that Satan
was originally intended by God to be a good angel but, in an act of
outright defiance, ceased to function as God had intended him to,
suggests that God created something imperfect or defective.
For the Jewish faith, Satan's purpose in seducing man away from God
poses no problem because Satan is only an agent of God. As a servant
of the Almighty, Satan faithfully carries out the divine will of his
Creator as he does in all his tasks.
Satan is one of the many angels mentioned in the Bible. It is worth
noting that the Hebrew word for angel is malach, meaning
"messenger." The same is true for the English word angel, derived
from the Greek word angelos, which also means "messenger."
Throughout the Bible, an angel is a messenger of God who carries out
the divine will of the Almighty. There is not one example in the
Jewish scriptures where any angel, Satan included, opposes God's will.
In no part of the Bible is this more evident than in the Book of
Job. In the first chapter of Job, Satan appears with other angels
before God and suggests that Job's steadfast faithfulness would not
withstand personal pain and utter destitution. Satan then requests
from God the chance to test Job's virtue. The Almighty grants this
request, but He meticulously outlines for Satan what he may and may
not do when putting Job to the test. Satan obediently follows his
Creator's instructions. Job is immediately put to the test and, by
the third chapter, begins to struggle. He questions his Maker as to
why he was created and, in a moment of despair, wishes aloud that he
had perished in his mother's womb. Still, by the end of this
unparalleled biblical narrative, Job's virtue prevails over Satan's
unyielding torment.
While in Christian terms Job's personal spiritual triumph is a
theological impossibility, in Jewish terms it stands out as the
embodiment of God's salvation program for mankind.
In Deuteronomy
30:15, the Torah attests to this principle and in Isaiah 45:7, the
prophet echoes this message when he declares that the Almighty
Himself creates evil.
This biblical principle, however, was apparently too problematic for
the Christian translators of the NIV Bible (New International
Version). They clearly recognized that a Bible which asserts that
God creates evil calls into question one of Christendom's most
cherished teachings on salvation. How can the church insist that man
is totally depraved when his God placed him in a world where he is
free to choose good over evil?
How can the church hold to a doctrine
of election or predestination when free will is man's to express?
How can Christians maintain that God did not create evil when the
Jewish scriptures clearly state otherwise?
Understandably, the NIV translators saw fit to alter the prophet's
words by rendering the offensive Hebrew word rah as "disaster"
instead of correctly translating it as "bad" or "evil." The NIV
Bible therefore mistranslates Isaiah 45:7 to read,
I form the light and create darkness, I bring prosperity and create
disaster; I, the Lord, do all these things.
The word "disaster" inserted by the NIV is so ambiguous that the
uninformed reader would easily come to the conclusion that it refers
to such things as earthquakes and hurricanes. This skewed
understanding created by the NIV mistranslation effectively conceals
Isaiah's original message. As mentioned above, the KJV (King James
Version) does correctly translate this verse and render the Hebrew
word rah as "evil."
One final point is in order here. Christians often point to Isaiah
14:12 as a biblical reference to support their teachings of the final
and complete downfall of Satan which brings to an end the long and
otherwise successful career of this fallen angel. They argue that
Isaiah's mention of the fallen "morning star" refers to Satan's
ultimate demise at the end of time when Satan will finally be cast
into a lake of fire as articulated in the twentieth chapter of the
Book of Revelation.
There are, however, two serious problems with this assertion. First,
if Christians maintain that the "morning star" is a reference to
Satan, how do they explain Revelation 22:16 where Jesus is called the
"morning star" as well? Secondly, a cursory reading of the
fourteenth chapter of Isaiah reveals that the "morning star" spoken
of in Isaiah 14:12 is referring to Nebuchadnessar, the wicked King of
Babylon, and not to Satan. In 14:4 the prophet explicitly names the
king of Babylon as the subject of the prophecy.
That thou shall take up this proverb against the king of Babylon, and
say, How hath the oppressor ceased, the golden city ceased!
Throughout this chapter and the preceding chapter of Isaiah, the
prophet foretells the rise and fall of this arrogant king who would
use his unbridled power to plunder Jerusalem and destroy its Temple
but, at the end, would suffer a cataclysmic downfall. In 14:12
Nebuchadnezzar is compared to the planet Venus whose light is still
visible in the morning yet vanishes with the rise of the sun. Like
the light of Venus, Nebuchadnezzar's reign shone brilliantly for a
short time, yet, as the prophets foretold, was eventually
overshadowed by the nation of Israel whose light endured and outlived
this arrogant nation who tormented and exiled her.
From Awohili AT aol.com Thu Aug 11 14:10:21 2005Return-Path: <Awohili AT aol.com>
I form the light and create darkness, I bring prosperity and create
disaster; I, the Lord, do all these things.
The word "disaster" inserted by the NIV is so ambiguous that the
uninformed reader would easily come to the conclusion that it refers
to such things as earthquakes and hurricanes. This skewed
understanding created by the NIV mistranslation effectively conceals
Isaiah's original message. As mentioned above, the KJV (King James
Version) does correctly translate this verse and render the Hebrew
word rah as "evil."
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