I am interested to see here evidence that the holam was found in Aleppo, and so even earlier than L. This would make me question whether this is really an "error". Perhaps it was the original pointing, which was for some reason partially but incompletely suppressed in some MSS. The argument that this is really a misplaced revia is an unlikely one. The Masoretic accentuation is very precise, and there is no way that the same word would have been left accented with both revia and another accent multiple times by mistake.The opinion of Rudolf Meyer (in his excellent /Hebräische Grammatik/, § 17.2), contrary to that of Gertoux, is that the old vocalization of the tetragrammaton was with holem (to be read /Adonay/) and that the vocalization with only shewa and qamats (to be read as Aramaic /Shema' /= Hebrew /ha-Shem/) is a later one. I do not have an opinion now on who is right.
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