permaculture

["Lawrence F. London, Jr." <lfl@intrex.net>]

<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4716224.stm>
        
Last Updated: Wednesday, 15 February 2006, 19:09 GMT
Eco-farming 'helps world's poor'
By Mark Kinver
BBC News science and nature reporter

Farmer in Cambodia
Water is a scarce resource for many farmers (Image: Jules Pretty)
Sustainable farming methods can help the poorest farmers in developing 
nations out of poverty, new research suggests.

Scientists found that techniques such as crop rotation and organic farming increased crop yields by an average of 79%, 
without risking future harvests.

The study, possibly the largest of its kind, looked at more than 280 projects 
in 57 of the world's poorest countries.

The findings appear in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.

The team of international scientists who carried out the four-year project found that the farmers enjoyed improved crop 
productivity, while reducing their use of pesticides and water.

Healthy soil

One of the report's co-authors, Professor Jules Pretty from the University of Essex, UK, said the findings challenged 
the dominate view that the West knew best when it came to agriculture.

"Most people think it is bad news from the south," Professor Pretty said, "but in many ways farmers in developing 
country are leading the way."

The researchers found methods that did not have an adverse effect on local biodiversity allowed farmers to reap the 
rewards of growing crops in healthy soil.

"People are using a variety of integrated pest management techniques; making the best of biodiversity like predators, 
parasites and multiple cropping," Professor Pretty told the BBC News website.

"In essence, it allows the ecosystem to deliver the pest management services."

This approach paid dividends, he said, because it not only cut the use of pesticides but also resulted in farmers having 
to spend less of their income on chemicals.

        
SEEDS OF HOPE
Bean crop (Image: Jules Pretty)
An awful lot of this happened without any direct policy input
Prof Jules Pretty, report co-author

Healthy soil also required less water to cultivate crops, he added: "All crops need water, but soils that are higher in 
organic matter are better at holding water.

"If you have diverse and higher soil quality then it is better prepared to deal with drought conditions when access to 
water becomes a critical issue."

Figures from the World Health Organization (WHO) show that many environmental benefits - clean air and water, stable 
climate - are being lost through unsustainable farming practices.

Professor Pretty hoped the data would act as a catalyst for governments and national organisations to adopt better land 
management.

"One of the key things from all of this is that an awful lot of this happened 
without any direct policy input," he said.

"If there was more central support then we would expect to see these sorts of 
techniques and ideas spread more rapidly."

The researchers admit that uncertainty remains as to whether these farming methods can meet the growing global demand 
for food.

But they concluded that they were cautiously optimistic it could help the 
world's poorest farmers out of poverty.